EcoLens: visual analysis of ecological regions in urban contexts using traffic data

Journal of Visualization - The increasing availability of spatiotemporal data provides unprecedented opportunities for understanding the structure of an urban area in terms of people’s...     

Fluid‐structure coupling of linear elastic model with compressible flow models

Cavitation erosion is caused in solids exposed to strong pressure waves developing in an adjacent fluid field. The knowledge of the transient distribution of stresses in the solid is important to understand the cause of damaging by comparisons with breaking points of the material. The modeling of this problem requires the coupling of the models for the fluid and the solid. For this purpose, we use a strategy based on the solution of coupled Riemann problems that has been originally developed for the coupling of 2 fluids. This concept is exemplified for the coupling of a linear elastic structure with an ideal gas. The coupling procedure relies on the solution of a nonlinear equation. Existence and uniqueness of the solution is proven. The coupling conditions are validated by means of quasi‐1D problems for which an explicit solution can be determined. For a more realistic scenario, a 2D application is considered where in a compressible single fluid, a hot gas bubble at low pressure collapses in a cold gas at high pressure near an adjacent structure.     

Nanocomposite hydrogel consisting of Na‐montmorillonite with enhanced mechanical properties

A new kind of nanocomposite (NC) hydrogel with Na‐montmorillonite (MMT) is presented in this article. The NC hydrogels were synthesized by free radical copolymerization of acrylamide and (3‐acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride (ATC) in the presence of MMT and N,N′‐methylene‐bis‐acrylamide used as chemical cross‐linker. Due to the cation‐exchange reaction between MMT and ATC (cationic monomer) during the synthesis of NC hydrogels, MMT platelets were considered chemical “plane” cross‐linkers, different from “point” cross‐linkers. With increasing amount of MMT, the crosslinking degree enhanced, causing a decrease of the swelling degree at equilibrium. Investigations of mechanical properties indicated that NC hydrogels exhibited enhanced strength and toughness, which resulted from chemical interaction between exfoliated MMT platelets and polymer chains in hydrogels. Dynamic shear measurements showed that both storage modulus and loss modulus increased with increasing MMT content. The idea described here provided a new route to prepare hydrogels with high mechanical properties by using alternative natural Na‐MMT. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015 , 53, 1020–1026     

烧结温度对Cao.9(NaCe)0.05Bi2Nb2O9无铅压电陶瓷性能的影响

采用传统固相反应法制备了Ca0.9(NaCe)0.05Bi2 Nb2 O9铋层状无铅压电陶瓷.采用XRD、SEM、EDS及相关电学性能测试系统表征了样品的晶体结构、断面形貌、元素组成以及介电、压电、铁电等性能,探究不同烧结温度对于陶瓷性能的影响.结果表明:当烧结温度为1150℃时,样品的晶体结构单一均匀,呈现片层状结构,致密性较好,压电常数高达17 pC/N,介电损耗仅为0.42;,居里温度为908℃,并且具有很好的温度稳定性,说明固相反应法制备的Ca0.9(NaCe)0.05Bi2Nb2O9压电陶瓷最佳烧结温度为1150℃.     

稳定分层湍流中逆梯度输运的关联分析研究

本文采用关联分析方法研究了稳定温度分层湍流中的结构特性、输运特性，以及热量、动量逆梯度输运现象的尺度效应及其参数演化．首先采用大涡模拟方法对稳定分层湍流中的结构特性和输运特性进行了分析，将逆梯度输运发生的时间尺度作为已知条件，结合关联量分析方法在波数空间中的解析解，对逆梯度输运现象的尺度效应进行了分析研究．结果发现，稳定分层强度较大的流动中发生垂向热量及动量逆梯度输运现象，发生的结构尺度与关联分析所发现垂向热量、动量逆梯度输运的波数形成了呼应．随着分层强度增加，热量、动量的输运强度均受抑制，与逆梯度输运关联的流场结构尺度减小，同样的效应也发生在流场结构向下游演化的过程中．     

Polypyrrole Shell@3D‐Ni Metal Core Structured Electrodes for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

Three‐dimensional (3D) nanometal films serving as current collectors have attracted much interest recently owing to their promising application in high‐performance supercapacitors. In the process of the electrochemical reaction, the 3D structure can provide a short diffusion path for fast ion transport, and the highly conductive nanometal may serve as a backbone for facile electron transfer. In this work, a novel polypyrrole (PPy) shell@3D‐Ni‐core composite is developed to enhance the electrochemical performance of conventional PPy. With the introduction of a Ni metal core, the as‐prepared material exhibits a high specific capacitance (726 F g^?1 at a charge/discharge rate of 1 A g^?1), good rate capability (a decay of 33 % in C_sp with charge/discharge rates increasing from 1 to 20 A g^?1), and high cycle stability (only a small decrease of 4.2 % in C_sp after 1000 cycles at a scan rate of 100 mV s^?1). Furthermore, an aqueous symmetric supercapacitor device is fabricated by using the as‐prepared composite as electrodes; the device demonstrates a high energy density (≈21.2 Wh kg^?1) and superior long‐term cycle ability (only 4.4 % and 18.6 % loss in C_sp after 2000 and 5000 cycles, respectively).     

EAST装置上W波段多道极向相关反射仪的研制

在EAST装置上安装了X模极化W波段多道相关反射仪，用于测量等离子体芯部密度涨落。该诊断利用低损耗(<3dB)多工器将4个不同频率(79.2GHz，85.2GHz，91.8GHz和96GHz)的微波耦合在一起，通过同一个天线发射。反射波由两个极向分离(~5cm)的天线接收，通过下变频技术实现外差测量。通过对两个极向天线接收的信号进行相关分析，获得芯部湍流垂直速度。对2018年低约束模式(L模)放电进行分析发现，在电子回旋共振加热(ECRH)等离子体中，芯部湍流垂直速度在电子逆磁漂移方向。而在注入同向中性束(co-NBI)后，芯部湍流垂直速度变为离子逆磁漂移方向。     

Optical Trapping with Focused Surface Waves

Near-field optical trapping can be realized with focused evanescent waves that are excited at the water–glass interface due to the total internal reflection, or with focused plasmonic waves excited on the water–gold interface. Herein, the performance of these two kinds of near-field optical trapping techniques is compared using the same optical microscope configuration. Experimental results show that only a single-micron polystyrene bead can be trapped by the focused evanescent waves, whereas many beads are simultaneously attracted to the center of the excited region by focused plasmonic waves. This difference in trapping behavior is analyzed from the electric field intensity distributions of these two kinds of focused surface waves and the difference in trapping behavior is attributed to photothermal effects due to the light absorption by the gold film.