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1.
The health monitoring has been studied to ensure integrity of design of engine structure by detection, quantification, and prediction of damages. Early detection of faults may allow the downtime of maintenance to be rescheduled, thus preventing sudden shutdown of machines. In cylinder pressure developed, vibrations and noise emissions data provide a rich source of information about condition of engines. Monitoring of vibrations and noise emissions are novel non-intrusive methodologies for which positioning of various transducers are important issue. The presented work shows applicability of these diagnosis methodologies adopted in case of diesel engines. The effects of changing various fuel injection parameters was analyzed. Scope of using non-intrusive technique has been analyzed by changing locations of microphone. Novelty of this worklies in exploring signal processing methods for various locations around the engine test set up. Various frequency ranges of contributing noise and vibration sources were identified. Time-Frequency analysis showed the onset of various cyclic. Based on the identification of various frequency bands, it is possible to device suitable filters in order to extract more information. 相似文献
2.
3.
Vandana Singh Ashutosh TiwariDevendra Narayan Tripathi Tulika Malviya 《Tetrahedron letters》2003,44(39):7295-7297
O-Methylation is of outstanding importance in structural polysaccharide chemistry. A novel method for the methylation of polysaccharides using microwave (MW) irradiation is described. Seed gum from Cyamopsis tetragonolobus (Guar) was fully methylated with dimethyl sulphate and sodium hydroxide using 100% microwave power for 4 min in 68% yield. The completely methylated seed gum thus obtained was hydrolyzed by 70% formic acid followed by 0.5N H2SO4 under full microwave power for 1.16 and 1.66 min, respectively. The partially methylated monosaccharides were separated and identified. 相似文献
4.
Justina Grabowska Karuna Kar Nanda R.T. Rajendra Kumar J.P. Mosnier M.O. Henry Simon B. Newcomb Patrick McNally Lisa OReilly Xu Lu Enda McGlynn 《Superlattices and Microstructures》2007,42(1-6):327
Self-organized ZnAl2O4 nanostructures with the appearance (in SEM) of high aspect ratio horizontal nanowires are grown on uncatalysed c-sapphire by vapour phase transport. The nanostructures grow as three equivalent crystallographic variants on c-sapphire. Raman and cathodoluminescence spectroscopy confirm that the nanostructures are not ZnO and TEM shows that they are the cubic spinel, zinc aluminate, ZnAl2O4, formed by the reaction of Zn and O with the sapphire substrate. 相似文献
5.
Multiple-zero multiple-pole optical filter transfer functions may be implemented more efficiently in an integrated optics architecture if higher order N × M optical couplers are utilized. For example, a coherent ring resonator made from two 3×3 couplers offers some advantages over the three mirror Fabry-Perot etalon, which is its analog. To this end we develop the formalism for obtaining the transfer functions and scattering matrices of ring resonators made from two N × M couplers. We then present a methodology for analyzing serial and parallel systems of N × M optical coupler ring resonators. 相似文献
6.
The catalytic activity of Chromobacterium viscosum lipase (CV-lipase) was estimated across varying surfactant tail lengths (C-10-C-18) in water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsions of cationic surfactants containing four different hydroxyethyl-substituted head groups. An attempt to find a correlation, if any, between the activity of interfacially solubilized lipase and the varying surfactant tails was made for the first time in micellar enzymology. The second-order rate constant, k2, in lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-n-hexanoate at pH 6.0 and 25 degrees C shows an improvement in enzyme activity (approximately 30-140%) across different head groups of amphiphiles with increasing tail lengths in varying solution compositions. Improvement of enzyme activity is prominent in ascending from C-10 to C-14/C-16, depending on the nature of polar head group. The hydrolytic activity of lipase in different surfactant (50 mM)/water/isooctane/n-hexanol with varying z= [alcohol]/[surfactant] (6.4 or 4.8) was amplified by 25-250% with increment in surfactant tail length in comparison with widely used cationic w/o microemulsions having solution compositions (z=16). As a notable outcome of this research, we found w/o microemulsions of 25 mM tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide/water/isooctane/n-hexanol (z=8) producing the highest ever activity of lipase in any w/o microemulsions. 相似文献
7.
Sukumar Aditya Syamal Bandopadhyay Rebati C. Das Bata K. Nanda 《Thermochimica Acta》1981,46(3):337-340
From rehydration experiments the hydrates Ba(OH)2 · 8 H2O, Ba(OH)2 · 3 H2O β-Ba(OH)2, · 1 H2O, and γ-Ba(OH)2 · 1 H2O have been found in the system Ba(OH)2-H2O. Thermoanalytical measurements (DTA, TG, DTG, high temperature X-ray diffraction, high temperature Raman scattering) on these hydrates are reported. Thermal decomposition of Ba(OH)2 · 8 H2O and Ba(OH)2 · 3 H2O always results in the formation of β-Ba(OH)2 · 1 H2O, the stable form of the monohydrates at ambient temperature. Dehydration of β- and γ-Ba(OH)2 · 1 H2O, both of which form anhydrous β-Ba(OH)2 as the first product of decomposition, starts at 105 and 115°C, respectively. Single crystals of Ba(OH)2 · 3 H2O and γ-Ba(OH)2 · 1 H2O were prepared from Ba(OH)2 · 8 H2O meltings and from ethanolic solutions of Ba(OH)2 , respectively. The crystal data are: Ba(OH)2 · 3 H2O (orthorhombic, Pnma): a = 764.0(2), b = 1140,3(5), c = 596.5(1) pm, Z = 4; γ-Ba(OH)2 · 1 H2O (monoclinic, P21/m or P21): a = 704.9(2), b = 418.4(1), c = 633.3(1) pm, β = 111.45(2)°, Z = 2. 相似文献
8.
Thermodynamic studies were performed on 12 pairs of N-trifluoroacetyl-O-alkyl nipecotic acid ester enantiomers on diluted permethylated beta-cyclodextrin stationary phase (CP Chirasil-Dex CB). The influence of ester alkyl group structure on interaction with permethylated beta-cyclodextrin (Me-CD) and enantioselectivity was studied. The types of alkyl groups studied included n-alkyl (C1-C5) and groups containing branching at differing locations relative to the chiral center of the molecule. The results show that for a given molecular weight, the n-alkyl esters have stronger interactions with Me-CD than esters containing branched alkyl groups. However, although having weaker interactions with Me-CD, esters containing alpha-branched alkyl groups exhibit higher enantioselectivity than the corresponding n-alkyl or beta-branched isobutyl esters. From the retention data, thermodynamic parameters were estimated using the retention increment method and enthalpy-entropy compensation plots (ln R' versus deltaH) were constructed. The results suggest that ester enantiomers with branching at the alpha-carbon of the ester alkyl group have additional and/or different types of enantioselective interactions with Me-CD than the C1-C5 n-alkyl esters or beta-branched isobutyl ester. In order to obtain a qualitative sense of the interaction with Me-CD, structures of the diastereomeric complexes formed between Me-CD and some of the ester enantiomers were modeled using simulated annealing molecular dynamics. 相似文献
9.
Anil P. Phadnis Bharati Sinha Bhagbat Nanda Sarita A. Patwardhan J. Venkatesh Rao Ravindra N. Sharma 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》1989,120(6-7):581-586
Summary A series of 8-proparglyoxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl and 8-propargyloxy-3,7-dimethyl-6-octenyl ethers were prepared from 8-hydroxygeranyl and 8-hydroxycitronellyl ethers, respectively. Almost all compounds showed high toxicity toCulex quinquefaciatus larvae at 1 mgl–1 dose level.
Gegen Mücken aktive Produkte, 4. Mitt.: Synthese und biologische Aktivität von 8-Propargyloxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl/6-octenyl-ethern
Zusammenfassung Eine Reihe von 8-Propargyloxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl- und 8-propargyloxy-3,7-dimethyl-6-octenyl-ethern wurden aus 8-Hydroxygeranyl- bzw. 8-Hydroxycitronellyl-ethern hergestellt. Fast alle Verbindungen zeigten hoch Toxizität gegenüber Larven vonCulex quinquefaciatus in einer Dosierung von 1 mgl–1.相似文献
10.
Walter T. Smith Nanda M. Brahme 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1985,23(3):879-893
Vinylsulfonylethyl (VSE) derivatives of the nucleic acid bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and the nucleosides inosine and uridine have been prepared via a simple Michael reaction with divinyl sulfone. The VSE derivatives were grafted on a polyethyleneimine (PEI) backbone. PEI of different molecular weights (1400, 1800 and 50,000–100,000) were used and also two different molar ratios (1:1 and 1:2) of monomer to PEI were employed. From the 1H-NMR and elemental analysis, it appeared that in almost all instances the grafting was quantitative. In one case, both 1-VSE-thymine and 9-VSE-adenine were grafted on the same PEI backbone. Interactions between some of these polymers were investigated by UV spectroscopy. The expected complementary base pairing was observed only in DMSO–ethylene glycol solvent system but not in DMSO. The adenine polymer showed a one-to-one interaction with the thymine polymer. 相似文献