A Structural Entropy Measurement Principle of Propositional Formulas in Conjunctive Normal Form

The satisfiability (SAT) problem is a core problem in computer science. Existing studies have shown that most industrial SAT instances can be effectively solved by modern SAT solvers while random SAT instances cannot. It is believed that the structural characteristics of different SAT formula classes are the reasons behind this difference. In this paper, we study the structural properties of propositional formulas in conjunctive normal form (CNF) by the principle of structural entropy of formulas. First, we used structural entropy to measure the complex structure of a formula and found that the difficulty solving the formula is related to the structural entropy of the formula. The smaller the compressing information of a formula, the more difficult it is to solve the formula. Secondly, we proposed a λ-approximation strategy to approximate the structural entropy of large formulas. The experimental results showed that the proposed strategy can effectively approximate the structural entropy of the original formula and that the approximation ratio is more than 92%. Finally, we analyzed the structural properties of a formula in the solution process and found that a local search solver tends to select variables in different communities to perform the next round of searches during a search and that the structural entropy of a variable affects the probability of the variable being flipped. By using these conclusions, we also proposed an initial candidate solution generation strategy for a local search for SAT, and the experimental results showed that this strategy effectively improves the performance of the solvers CCAsat and Sparrow2011 when incorporated into these two solvers.     

电子束装置运行稳定性的测量

 为了验证电子束装置的稳定性,分别对电流波形、电压波形进行了多次测量,对二极管放电时注入腔中电子均匀性进行了探测,最后改变二极管真空度测量了泵浦氩的荧光 谱的稳定性。     

导电氧化物电极上丁酸丁酯电化学合成的研究

本文研究了某些氧化物电极在不同条件下对丁醇电解直接合成丁酸丁酯的影响，并测定了这些氧化物电极上的丁醇氧化极化曲线，结果表明Ｔｉ／ＰｂＯ２电极在加入ＳｎＯ２，Ｓｂ２Ｏ３，ＰｄＯｘ中间层后，不仅电极的ＰｂＯ２层不易脱落，而且使电极的电催化性能有较大的提高。     

薄层扫描法测定冬眠过程中刺猬活性组织酶的周期变化

薄层扫描法测定冬眠过程中刺猬活性组织酶的周期变化冯金城（天津师范大学天津３０００７４）孙金生（天津水产研究所天津３００２２１）１前言为了跟踪观察刺猬在冬眠过程中体内乳酸脱氢酶的周期性变化，利用薄层扫描仪测定了其相关的组织同工酶的差异。实践证明，此法简...     

环氧环己烷的电化学合成

环氧环己烷的电化学合成何俊翔＊周锦成（温州师范学院化学系温州３２５００３）关键词电化学环氧化，环氧环己烷，环己烯，钛基氧化物电极１９９６－１１－２２收稿，１９９７－０６－０５修回间接电解氧化合成环氧化合物的研究已有报道［１～４］．它们均在铂电极上完成...     

Recent advances in single atom catalysts for the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction

The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO₂RR) offers a promising solution to mitigate carbon emission and at the same time generate valuable carbonaceous chemicals/fuels. Single atom catalysts (SACs) are encouraging to catalyze the electrochemical CO₂RR due to the tunable electronic structure of the central metal atoms, which can regulate the adsorption energy of reactants and reaction intermediates. Moreover, SACs form a bridge between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, providing an ideal platform to explore the reaction mechanism of electrochemical reactions. In this review, we first discuss the strategies for promoting the CO₂RR performance, including suppression of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), generation of C₁ products and formation of C₂₊ products. Then, we summarize the recent developments in regulating the structure of SACs toward the CO₂RR based on the above aspects. Finally, several issues regarding the development of SACs for the CO₂RR are raised and possible solutions are provided.

The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO₂RR) offers a promising solution to mitigate carbon emission and at the same time generate valuable carbonaceous chemicals/fuels.     

Two-dimensional coupled vibration and equivalent circuit of longitudinal-longitudinal orthogonal composite vibration direction converter

With the advantages of transmitting energy from multiple directions to one direction and transforming vibration from one source to multiple directions, the two-dimensional vibra?tion direction converter has important applications in power ultrasonic technology. However, for the complexity of using the wave equation to design and analysis the two-dimensional vibration direction converter, a concise equivalent circuit for the converter is investigated. By introducing the two-dimensional mechanical coupling coefficient and the longitudinal force transform coef?ficient, and using the electromechanical analogy principle, the equivalent circuit and resonance frequency equation of the two-dimensional vibration direction converter vibrating in anti-phase and in-phase two-dimensional coupled vibration are deduced. The resonance frequencies of the vibration direction converters of two different materials are calculated by using the proposed frequency equation, which are in agreement with the results from the finite element method and the experimental test. It provides a concise method for the design and applications of such ultrasonic vibration system.     

不同肋间胸腔闭式引流治疗胸腔积液的疗效分析

目的探讨不同肋间胸腔闭式引流治疗胸腔积液的疗效。方法收集信丰县人民医院2015年1月—2016年1月86例胸腔积液患者,按照入院顺序分成观察组与对照组,观察组经第5肋间实施胸腔闭式引流术,对照组经第6、7肋间实施胸腔闭式引流术,对比两组患者术后疼痛评分、临床疗效、胸水完全吸收时间、引流管留置时间、住院时间及并发症情况。结果观察组术后疼痛评分均低于对照组(P0.05);观察组总有效率高于对照组(P0.05);两组胸水完全吸收时间、胸腔引流管留置时间、住院时间对比无显著差异(P0.05);两组并发症发生率对比无显著差异(P0.05)。结论第5肋间的胸腔闭式引流术在胸腔积液的临床治疗中具有更好的效果,可缓解术后疼痛,值得临床应用。     

Improving the Gaudry–Schost algorithm for multidimensional discrete logarithms

Designs, Codes and Cryptography - The discrete logarithm problem arises from various areas, including counting the number of points of certain curves and diverse cryptographic schemes. The...