Characteristics investigation on heat transfer growth of sonochemically synthesized ZnO-DW based nanofluids inside square heat exchanger

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - In recent decades, the growth of heat transfer using nanomaterials in the conventional base fluid has caught the attention of researchers...     

Evidence of a Photo‐Radical Pathway Responsible of the Rearrangement of a Manganese(III)‐Schiff Base Complex in Solution

A new Mn^III‐Schiff base complex, [MnL(OH₂)](ClO₄) ( 1 ) (H₂L = N, N′‐bis‐(3‐Br‐5‐Cl‐salicylidene)‐1, 2‐diimino‐2‐methylethane), an inorganic model of the catalytic center (OEC, Oxygen Evolving Complex) in photosystem II (PSII), has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and EPR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, magnetic susceptibility measurement and the study of its redox properties by cyclic and normal pulse voltammetry. This complex mimics reactivity (showing a relevant photolytic activity), and also some structural characteristics (parallel‐mode Mn^III EPR signal from partially assembled OEC cluster) of the natural OEC. The complex 1 was found to rearrange in solution into a crystallographically solved square‐pyramidal complex, [MnLL′] ( 2 ) (HL′ = 6‐bromo‐4‐chloro‐2‐cyanophenol), through a process, which probably liberates radical species (detected by EPR), and provokes a C—N bond cleavage in the ligand. A photo‐radical mechanism is discussed to explain this rearrangement.     

The effect of rapid rotation on a vertical bridgman furnace at large Rayleigh number

In quasi-steady operation, convection currents in a Bridgmandevice, used for producing a semi-conductor crystal, createinhomogeneities that may make the crystal unusable. It has oftenbeen suggested that additional forces due to rotation or magnetismmight be efficacious in reducing the segregation of the elementsof the alloy. It has been found that, over a wide range of rotationrates, there is no improvement in performance due to rotationabout the vertical axis. However, numerical results that havebeen obtained previously (Lee & Pearlstein, J. Crys. Growth240, 2002) indicate that, when effects of centrifugal buoyancyare introduced, a substantial reduction in segregation is achieved.In the work reported here, by contrast, in which we extend previouslarge-Rayleigh-number asymptotic analysis to include centrifugalbuoyancy, we find no improvement in radial segregation, butrather increasing segregation with increasing rotation rate.     

Electrochemical Synthesis of MII Complexes with a Schiff Base containing an Amido Group. Crystal Structure of a Cobalt(II) Complex with a Reorganised Ligand

M(HL)(H₂O)_n complexes have been obtained by the electrochemical reaction of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd anodes with the potentially pentadentate and trianionic asymmetrical Schiff base 3‐aza‐N‐{2‐[1‐aza‐2‐(5‐nitro‐2‐hydroxylphenyl)‐vinyl]phenyl}‐4‐(5‐nitro‐2‐hydroxyphenyl)but‐3‐enamide (H₃L), containing a hard amido donor atom. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, IR and ¹H NMR spectroscopies, magnetic measurements and molar conductivities. Co(HL)(H₂O) ( 2 ) has been found to rearrange in DMF solution into a crystallographically solved octahedral complex, CoL¹(H₂O)₂ ( 7 ) [where H₂L¹ is the symmetrical Schiff base ligand N,N′‐(1,2‐phenylene)‐bis(5‐nitro‐3‐hydroxysalicylidenimine)]. A hydrolysis mechanism is discussed to explain this rearrangement.     

Dinuclear Cobalt(III) Complexes Showing a Co2O2 Metallacycle

The heptadentate Schiff base H₃L reacts with cobalt(II) acetate in methanol to form the discrete dinuclear complex Co₂L(OAc)₂(OMe)(H₂O)₂ ( 1 ·2H₂O). The reaction of 1 ·2H₂O with NMe₄OH·5H₂O in methanol gives rise to displacement of the acetate by methanolate groups, yielding Co₂L(OMe)₃(H₂O) ( 2 ·1H₂O). Recrystallizations of the Schiff base, 1 ·2H₂O and 2 ·H₂O in different solvents, produce single crystals of H₃L, 1 ·2.5H₂O and 2 ·2MeOH, respectively. The crystal structures of 1 ·2.5H₂O and 2 ·2MeOH show the cobalt atoms double bridged by and endogenous phenol oxygen atom and an exogenous methanolate oxygen donor, giving rise to Co₂O₂ cores with Co···Co distances of ca. 2.87 Å.     

Determination of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (amitrole) in environmental waters by capillary electrophoresis

3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole (amitrole) is a widely used pesticide, with many difficulties to be analyzed at the regulatory level in drinking water, because its high solubility in water. This paper describes a simple and fast method for the simultaneous determination of amitrole and atrazin-2-hydroxy, principal degradation product of s-triazines, by capillary zone electrophoresis. Separation and determination of these herbicides in water samples was performed in 0.02 mol l⁻¹ phosphate buffer at pH 3.2. The method allows determination of the amitrole and atrazin-2-hydroxy in water samples in concentration lower than 100 μg l⁻¹. The detection limits using a previous preconcentration step of amitrole in Alberche River (Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain) and drinking water spiked samples was of 4 μg l⁻¹.