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1.
Resonance energy transfer by the Förster-Dexter mechanism in a cubic crystal and in a rigid homogeneous medium is studied. The homogeneous medium is modeled using a hard-sphere fluid (HSF) radial distribution function. This distribution is more realistic than the commonly used uniform distribution with excluded volume (UDEV) function. For the dipole-dipole mechanism, both models yield essentially the same donor luminescence decay, except for small critical radii. For the exchange mechanism, however, the two models differ significantly. In particular, to fit a given experimental decay, the UDEV model requires both a larger effective Bohr radius and a larger rate constant at collisional distance than the HSF model. 相似文献
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A different approach to enzyme kinetics stressing the cyclic nature of the catalytic process is presented. The time-dependence
of the substrate concentration is derived in a simple way not invoking the quasi-steady-state approximation. According to
this approach the turnover rate can be written as the ratio of two parameters with a direct meaning: enzyme efficiency and
average cycle duration. Real kinetic data for two enzyme-substrate pairs is used to show that the enzyme kinetic efficiency
is best measured by the turnover rate. 相似文献
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The dynamics of triplet-triplet annihilation is theoretically studied in linear chains and nanoparticles as a function of size M, the rate of excitation migration W, and the rate of excitation annihilation V. It is shown that a sum of two exponentials is usually sufficient for fitting experimental phosphorescence and triplet-triplet absorption decays. The first term describes the decay of domains containing initially one triplet, while the second term reflects the disappearance of domains containing initially two triplets. 相似文献
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The birth, raise, development and fortunes of a fundamental theory in thermodynamics, the axiomatic thermodynamics, a creation of Constantin Carathéodory, is thoroughly presented together with a summary of Carathéodory's biography. Axiomatic thermodynamics is centered around some interesting properties of Pfaffian differential equations, which are here introduced and used for some well-known cases in thermodynamics. 相似文献
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Ruoyu Hong * Jianmin Ding Guoliang Zheng College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering Soochow University Suzhou P. R. China Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P. R. China IBM HYDA/- C Highway North Rochester MN USA *Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: rhong@suda.edu.cn 《中国颗粒学报》2004,2(5):207-214
1. Introduction1.1 Silica nanoparticles and synthesis methods Silica (SiO2) nanoparticles are widely used in industry asan active filler for polymer reinforcement, a rheologicaladditive in fluids, a free flow agent in powders, and anagent for chemical mechanical polishing during IC (inte-grated circuit) fabrication (Sniegowski & de Boer, 2000).Silica powder is also used for producing silicon carbide(Koc & Cattamanchi, 1998) or opaque silica aerosols (Leeet al., 1995). Many methods can … 相似文献
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Ferreira R Baleizão C Muñoz-Molina JM Berberan-Santos MN Pischel U 《The journal of physical chemistry. A》2011,115(6):1092-1099
The fluorescence properties of two bis(1,8-naphthalimides) with amino-containing spacers are investigated, giving special emphasis to the observation of excimer emission. It is found that a minor elongation of the spacer by two methylene units gives rise to a quantitative shut-down of the broad and red-shifted excimer emission. Furthermore, a switching of this emission is established through manipulation of a photoinduced electron transfer process, which involves the amino spacer. Protons as well as protic solvents lead to substantial excimer emission with lifetimes of 12 to 27 ns. The excimer quantum yield takes a maximum value of Φ(f) = 0.07 (acetonitrile with 1 equiv trifluoroacetic acid). The increased virtual Stokes shifts (ca. 150 nm) as compared to the fluorescence of monomeric 1,8-naphthalimides are an alternative approach to obtain colored, significant, and long-lived fluorescence from these chromophores. As an additional excited state pathway, the occurrence of homo-Fo?rster resonance energy transfer (homo-FRET) is established by fluorescence polarization measurements and calculation of the corresponding critical Fo?rster radius (R(0) ca. 13 ?). The average interchromophore distance between the naphthalimides is estimated as 7.5 ? and 9.5 ? for the dyad with the shorter and the longer spacer, respectively. These observations and the absence of a rise time component for excimer emission are in agreement with the formation of a "loose" ground state dimer, which upon excitation undergoes a fast geometrical adjustment to the excimer structure where the chromophores are at contact distance. 相似文献
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Rae M Perez-Balderas F Baleizão C Fedorov A Cavaleiro JA Tomé AC Berberan-Santos MN 《The journal of physical chemistry. B》2006,110(25):12809-12814
A series of brominated mono-methano[60]fullerene malonate derivatives (two diads and one triad) are investigated for intramolecular and external heavy-atom effects on their fluorescence. Significant internal and external heavy-atom effects are observed in the three cases. It is shown that the internal effect doubles when going from the diads to the triad. In bromobenzene and in iodobenzene, the external effect is predominant, and diads and triad behave identically. 相似文献
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Calix[4]arene forms elongated nanoporous microcrystals. The pores are linear nano-channels (1.7 nm diameter) arranged in a honeycomb network. The crystals luminesce at room temperature according to a variety of processes that include monomer fluorescence (lifetime of ca. 1.1 ns), dimer fluorescence (lifetime of ca. 5.4 ns), and monomer phosphorescence (lifetime of ca. 2 s). The dimers result from pi-orbital overlap of adjacent phenol groups from neighboring nano-channels, with C-C distances of ca. 4 A. 相似文献