全文获取类型
收费全文 | 44178篇 |
免费 | 3509篇 |
国内免费 | 2437篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 26568篇 |
晶体学 | 872篇 |
力学 | 666篇 |
综合类 | 652篇 |
数学 | 6567篇 |
物理学 | 14799篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 313篇 |
2022年 | 518篇 |
2021年 | 1342篇 |
2020年 | 982篇 |
2019年 | 1054篇 |
2018年 | 772篇 |
2017年 | 838篇 |
2016年 | 1214篇 |
2015年 | 1223篇 |
2014年 | 1549篇 |
2013年 | 3087篇 |
2012年 | 2187篇 |
2011年 | 2396篇 |
2010年 | 2196篇 |
2009年 | 2781篇 |
2008年 | 2880篇 |
2007年 | 3240篇 |
2006年 | 2616篇 |
2005年 | 1738篇 |
2004年 | 1622篇 |
2003年 | 1550篇 |
2002年 | 1366篇 |
2001年 | 1247篇 |
2000年 | 949篇 |
1999年 | 733篇 |
1998年 | 718篇 |
1997年 | 537篇 |
1996年 | 668篇 |
1995年 | 610篇 |
1994年 | 608篇 |
1993年 | 588篇 |
1992年 | 564篇 |
1991年 | 381篇 |
1990年 | 324篇 |
1989年 | 247篇 |
1988年 | 277篇 |
1987年 | 214篇 |
1986年 | 237篇 |
1985年 | 347篇 |
1984年 | 259篇 |
1983年 | 151篇 |
1982年 | 303篇 |
1981年 | 477篇 |
1980年 | 428篇 |
1979年 | 468篇 |
1978年 | 371篇 |
1977年 | 283篇 |
1976年 | 239篇 |
1974年 | 77篇 |
1973年 | 154篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
微区X射线荧光(Micro-XRF)分析技术是通过微小的X射线光束照射样品,对样品进行原位成分观测的无损分析手段之一,具有灵敏度高、速度快和准确性高的特点。采用微区X射线荧光光谱仪(M6 JETSTREAM)对安徽铜陵冬瓜山铜矿床四段岩心样品进行面扫描,分析不同矿层共17种元素区域分布特征、空间分布规律及组合关系等,结果表明:(1)Cu和Fe两种成矿元素高值空间分布区域基本不重叠,S与Fe分布范围高度重叠,关系密切,微量元素Ni,Bi,Pb,Zn,Si,Na与Cu密切相关,而Ti,Al,K与Fe具有弱相关性;(2)垂向上,Fe元素含量随深度增加逐步增大,而Cu元素含量呈降低趋势,其他元素也随深度呈下降趋势;(3)元素分布受石炭纪中期海底喷流沉积成矿作用和岩浆热液成矿作用叠加改造作用明显;(4)该钻孔矿石矿物以磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿和黄铁矿为主,垂向上组合规律明显,脉石矿物以石英、石榴子石和透辉石为主。该技术通过分析元素空间分布规律、相关性以及矿物组合和分配关系等可对元素富集和运移以及对矿床的成矿机制、成因模式等地质环境和地质过程提供新认识和新证据。结合矿床地球化学特征的分布模式,微量元素可作为寻找主矿种的指示元素,为深部找矿提供依据。此外,该技术能作为预分析技术快速筛选出感兴趣的信息和位置,为后期各种更高精度的微区分析提供不同尺度、不同层次的元素分布信息。 相似文献
2.
Dariusz Marek Adam Domaski Joanna Domaska Jakub Szygua Tadeusz Czachrski Jerzy Klamka 《Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,23(5)
In this article, a way to employ the diffusion approximation to model interplay between TCP and UDP flows is presented. In order to control traffic congestion, an environment of IP routers applying AQM (Active Queue Management) algorithms has been introduced. Furthermore, the impact of the fractional controller and its parameters on the transport protocols is investigated. The controller has been elaborated in accordance with the control theory. The TCP and UDP flows are transmitted simultaneously and are mutually independent. Only the TCP is controlled by the AQM algorithm. Our diffusion model allows a single TCP or UDP flow to start or end at any time, which distinguishes it from those previously described in the literature. 相似文献
3.
《中国物理 B》2021,30(5):56501-056501
Thermal expansion control is always an obstructive factor and challenging in high precision engineering field. Here,the negative thermal expansion of Nb F_3 and Nb OF_2 was predicted by first-principles calculation with density functional theory and the quasi-harmonic approximation(QHA). We studied the total charge density, thermal vibration, and lattice dynamic to investigate the thermal expansion mechanism. We found that the presence of O induced the relatively strong covalent bond in Nb OF_2, thus weakening the transverse vibration of F and O in Nb OF_2, compared with the case of Nb F_3.In this study, we proposed a way to tailor negative thermal expansion of metal fluorides by introducing the oxygen atoms.The present work not only predicts two NTE compounds, but also provides an insight on thermal expansion control by designing chemical bond type. 相似文献
4.
Chinese Annals of Mathematics, Series B - In the present article, the authors find and establish stability of multiplier ideal sheaves, which is more general than strong openness. 相似文献
5.
L. G. Kuz'mina I. I. Konstantinov A. V. Churakov 《Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals》2018,664(1):95-100
4-methoxyphenyl-4′-n-nonyloxybenzoate have been investigated by single crystal X-ray structural analysis. Crystal packing of the compounds does not represent a precursor of the mesophse although the typical for liquid crystal compounds separation of crystal packing on aromatic and aliphatic areas is observed here. Possible reason for monotropic properties are discussed. 相似文献
6.
Umie F.M. Haziz Rosenani A. Haque Shun-Ze Zhan Hassan H. Abdallah Mohd R. Razali 《应用有机金属化学》2020,34(10):e5818
The synthesis and characterizations for a series of dinuclear gold (I)-di-NHC complexes, 1–8 through the trans-metalation method of their respective silver (I)-di-NHC complexes, i–viii are reported (where NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene). The successful complexation of a series of unusual non-symmetrical and symmetrical di-NHC ligands, 3,3'-(ethane-1,2-diyl)-1-alkylbenzimidazolium-1'-butylbenzimidazolium (with alkyl = methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, benzyl) with the gold (I) ions are suggested by elemental analysis, Fourier transform-infrared, 1H- and 13C-NMR data. The 13C-NMR spectra of 1–8 show a singlet sharp peak in the range of 190.00–192.00 ppm, indicating the presence of a carbene carbon that bonded to the gold (I) ion. From single crystal X-ray diffraction data, the structure of complex 6 with the formula of [di-NHC-Au (I)]2·2PF6 is obtained [where NHC = 3,3'-(ethane-1,2-diyl)-1-hexylbenzimidazolium-1'-butylbenzimidazolium]. The photophysical study in solid state of 6 displays an intense photoluminescence with a strong emission maxima, λem = 480 nm, upon excitation at 340 nm at room temperature. Interestingly, the emission maximum at 77 K shows a structural character with a strong peak at 410 nm, a medium at 433 nm and a weak at 387 nm, accompanied by a tail band to about 500 nm. 相似文献
7.
Dr. Wenyan Hao Yuchen Sha Dr. Yi Deng Yi Luo Li Zeng Shan Tang Dr. Yue Weng Prof. Dr. Chien-Wei Chiang Prof. Dr. Aiwen Lei 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,25(19):4931-4934
An in situ generated oxidation species of nickel quinolinylpropioamide intermediate was produced. Characterization by X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and EPR provides complementary insights into this oxidized nickel species. With aliphatic amides and isocyanides as substrates, a nickel-catalyzed facile synthesis of structurally diverse five-membered lactams could be achieved. 相似文献
8.
Theo Steininger Jait Dixit Philipp Frank Maksim Greiner Sebastian Hutschenreuter Jakob Knollmüller Reimar Leike Natalia Porqueres Daniel Pumpe Martin Reinecke Matev raml Csongor Varady Torsten Enßlin 《Annalen der Physik》2019,531(3)
NIFTy , “Numerical Information Field Theory,” is a software framework designed to ease the development and implementation of field inference algorithms. Field equations are formulated independently of the underlying spatial geometry allowing the user to focus on the algorithmic design. Under the hood, NIFTy ensures that the discretization of the implemented equations is consistent. This enables the user to prototype an algorithm rapidly in 1D and then apply it to high‐dimensional real‐world problems. This paper introduces NIFTy 3, a major upgrade to the original NIFTy framework. NIFTy 3 allows the user to run inference algorithms on massively parallel high performance computing clusters without changing the implementation of the field equations. It supports n‐dimensional Cartesian spaces, spherical spaces, power spaces, and product spaces as well as transforms to their harmonic counterparts. Furthermore, NIFTy 3 is able to handle non‐scalar fields, such as vector or tensor fields. The functionality and performance of the software package is demonstrated with example code, which implements a mock inference inspired by a real‐world algorithm from the realm of information field theory. NIFTy 3 is open‐source software available under the GNU General Public License v3 (GPL‐3) at https://gitlab.mpcdf.mpg.de/ift/NIFTy/tree/NIFTy_3 . 相似文献
9.
10.
A simple, sensitive and rapid ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the quantification of warfarin and 7‐hydroxy warfarin in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Animals were administered a single dose of warfarin sodium formulations (crystalline and amorphous) at 12 mg/kg via oral gavage and blood was drawn over a 96‐h time course. Sample process recoveries, matrix effect and analyte stability were determined. The linearity for warfarin and 7‐hydroxy warfarin was from 5 to 2000 ng/mL in blank SD rat plasma. Correlation coefficients (r2) for standard calibration curves were >.98 and analytes quantified within ±15% of target at all calibrator concentrations. The average percent accuracy and precision for intra‐ and inter‐day were 93.7%–113.8% and ≤12.1%, respectively, for warfarin and 7‐hydroxy warfarin, across the quality control standards (5, 10, 500, 1800 and 2000 ng/mL). Acceptable analytical recovery (>55%) was achieved with process efficiencies >41.5% and matrix effects <139.9% over the analytical range. Both analytes were stable in stock solution, autosampler, benchtop and three cycles of freeze–thaw with percent accuracy ≥90.2% and precision (percent relative standard deviation) ≤14%. The validated method was successfully applied to a pre‐clinical bioavailability study of crystalline and amorphous warfarin sodium formulations in SD rats. 相似文献