敬告读者——《光谱学与光谱分析》已全文上网

从2008年第7期开始在《光谱学与光谱分析》网站(www.gpxygpfx.com)“在线期刊”栏内发布《光谱学与光谱分析》期刊全文,读者可方便地免费下载摘要和PDF全文,欢迎浏览、检索本刊当期的全部内容;并陆续刊出自2004年以后出版的各期摘要和PDF全文内容。2009年起《光谱学与光谱分析》每期出版日期改为每月1日。     

构造局部不等式处理n元条件极值问题

本文从一道竞赛题出发介绍处理n元条件极值问题的一种策略,通过分析已知的等量关系,猜测与试探取得最值的条件,寻找并建立局部不等式,完成问题的求解或证明,并举例说明这一解法的应用.     

含硫氨基酸与本征及缺陷石墨烯表面的相互作用

半胱氨酸及蛋氨酸是人体的两种含硫氨基酸,在生物活性中发挥着巨大的作用.本研究采用密度泛函理论方法对以上两种氨基酸在本征及缺陷石墨烯表面的吸附机理进行了详细研究.主要考虑了两种吸附体系:半胱氨酸及蛋氨酸平躺在两种石墨烯表面;两种氨基酸垂直地放置于两种石墨烯表面,且含硫的基团靠近表面.研究结果表明,半胱氨酸及蛋氨酸初始构型对它们之间的相互作用有一定的影响.两种氨基酸平躺时有较大的吸附能.此外,吸附能的结果显示两种氨基酸可以更好的与缺陷石墨烯表面紧密结合.同时,蛋氨酸与本征及缺陷石墨烯相互作用均大于半胱氨酸与本征及缺陷石墨烯相互作用.模拟结果有望为含硫氨基酸的石墨烯传感器提供有用的指导.     

一道调研试题的多视角求解

一、试题呈现题目(南京、盐城2014届高三年级第二次模拟考试第17题)如图1,经过村庄A有两条夹角为60°的公路AB、AC,根据规划拟在两条公路之间的区域内建一工厂P,分别在两条公路边上建两个仓库M、N(异于村庄A),要求PM=PN=MN=2(单位:千米).如何设计,使得工厂产生的噪声对居民的影响最小(即工厂与村庄的距离最远).     

Mass and isotopic concentrations of water-insoluble refractory carbon in total suspended particulates at Mt.Waliguan Observatory(China)

Mass concentration and isotopic values δ¹³C and ¹⁴C are presented for the water-insoluble refractory carbon（WIRC） component of total suspended particulates（TSP）,collected weekly during 2003,as well as from October 2005 to May 2006 at the WMO-GAW Mt.Waliguan（WLG） site.The overall average WIRC mass concentration was（1183±120）ng/m³（n = 79）,while seasonal averages were 2081 ±1707（spring）,454±205（summer）,650±411（autumn）,and 1019±703（winter） ng/m3.Seasonal variations in WIRC mass concentrations were consistent with black carbon measurements from an aethalometer,although WIRC concentrations were typically higher,especially in winter and spring.The δ¹³C PDB value（-25.3 ± 0.8）%.determined for WIRC suggests that its sources are C₃ biomass or fossil fuel combustion.No seasonal change in δ¹³C PDB was evident.The average percent Modern Carbon（pMC） for ¹⁴C in WIRC for winter and spring was（67.2 ± 7.7）%（n = 29）.Lower pMC values were associated with air masses transported from the area east of WLG,while higher pMC values were associated with air masses from the Tibetan Plateau,southwest of WLG.Elevated pMC values with abnormally high mass concentrations of TSP and WIRC were measured during a dust storm event.     

基于光谱空间重构的非监督最邻近规则子空间的高光谱异常检测

针对高光谱遥感影像维数高、数据量巨大且地物分布复杂,导致背景与异常难以区分的问题,提出一种基于光谱空间重构的非监督最邻近规则子空间异常探测算法.首先通过基于结构张量的波段选择算法,去除噪声像元,选择更有效的波段.然后,通过光谱空间重构增加背景与异常的绝对光谱距离.最后,为了充分利用背景字典之间的空间相似性信息,将空间距离权重引入到非监督最邻近规则子空间算法中,提高检测精度.为验证所提算法的有效性,用四组真实的高光谱数据进行实验,研究了不同参数对检测结果的影响.结果表明,与其他异常检测算法对比,所提算法具有更好的检测效果.     

一类绝对值函数最值问题的解法及其推广

笔者通过对两道含有多个一次函数绝对值之和的竞赛试题的思考和研究,给出这类函数最小值问题的一般性结论.在结论1中讨论形如f(x)=|x-x1|+|x-x2|+…+|x-xn|的函数何时取到最小值,并给出最小值的计算,进一步,当绝对值前面的系数不是1而是一般的常数时,给出这类函数图像的特点,即此时的函数图形是一条开口向上或开口向下或两端水平的折线。     

Isolation and Crystal Structure of Ent-kaurane Diterpenes from Rubus corchorifolius L. f.

In this study, ent-Kaurane-3β,16β,17-triol(1) and ent-kaurane-2α,16β,17-triol(2), were isolated from the leaves of Rubus corchorifolius L. f. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analysis. NMR experiments identified the two compounds and X-ray crystallographic analysis confirmed their crystal structures. The crystal of 1 belongs to monoclinic with space group P21 and a = 10.7641(3), b = 7.2789(3), c = 11.7862(4) , β = 95.275(3)°, V = 919.55(6) 3, Z = 2, C20H34O4, Mr = 322.49 g/mol, Dc = 1.230 g/m3, F(000) = 376, λ = 1.54178 , μ = 0.661 mm-1, R = 0.0319, and wR = 0.0811 for 10889 observed reflections(Ⅰ 2σ(Ⅰ)). The crystal of 2 is classified as orthorhombic with space group P212121 and a = 10.7641(3), b = 12.72224(19), c = 21.3929(3) , V = 1748.94(4) 3, Z = 4, C20H34O4, Mr = 322.47, Dc = 1.225 Mg/m3 F(000) = 712, λ = 1.54184 , μ = 0.625 mm-1, R = 0.0303 and w R = 0.0759 for 10470 observed reflections(Ⅰ 2σ(Ⅰ)). Meanwhile, the compound revealed low inhibitory activities toward Hep G2, MCF-7, and SCG-7901 cells.     

Stereoselective interactions of chiral dipeptides on amylose based chiral stationary phases

Dipeptides are stereo-specifically involved in several biological functions that are challenging to separate enantiomerically. Elution order of enantiomers is an important issue in chiral chromatography. Amylose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase(CSP) is the best and most-widely-used CSP in chiral separations, but experimental data of enantiomeric separation of dipeptides on this CSP is lacking. Simulation studies were conducted to determine the order of elution and the chiral recognition mechanism of didpetides on this CSP. Results indicated that the docking energy of SR-enantiomers were higher than SS-antipodes. The range of docking energies for SR-enantiomers was -7.44 to -5.92 kcal/mol with CSP, but -7.15 to -5.87 kcal/mol for SS-stereoisomers. Therefore it is predicted that SS-enantiomer will elute first, followed by SR-antipode. Furthermore, hydrogen bondings, van der Waal’s interactions and electrostatic interactions were observed among SR- and SSenantiomers and chiral grooves of CSP. The number of hydrogen bonds was one in each enantiomer binding except S-Ala-R-Tyr, which contained two hydrogen bonds. No hydrogen bond was found in S-Ala-R-Trp, S-Leu-S-Trp, and S-Leu-S-Tyr dipeptides bindings. The chiral recognition mechanisms dictate different strengths of stereoselective bindings of the enantiomers on CSP.     

最密堆积中空隙分布的学习技巧

六方最密堆积和立方最密堆积是金属晶体中最常见的结构,其正四面体空隙和正八面体空隙的分布是学生学习的难点.本文将揭示密置双层-最密堆积-离子晶体结构中空隙的分布规律,进而将典型离子晶体结构与最密堆积中的空隙分布相关联.这对学生掌握空隙分布的规律性,理解金属和离子晶体结构,提升晶体结构的学习效果大有帮助.