微乳液体系中过硫酸钾氧化碘离子的动力学研究

分别在不同盐浓度的自由水和不同液滴尺寸的微乳液中测量了过硫酸钾氧化碘 离子的化学反应速率常数，获得微乳液不核中水的活度，探讨了水的活度及体系中 离子强度与反应速率的关系，发现当表面活性剂与水的摩尔比R≤20时，水的活度 随微反应器尺寸减小而快速下降。     

微反应器和微聚合反应器

微反应器是指容量仅为零点几μm^3或宽度为1μm左右的反应“容器”，反应在这个微小区域内有控地进行。以表面科学与微制造技术为核心，新型微反应器近年来发展很快。本文介绍五种微反应器，即反相胶束微反应器，聚合物微反应器，固体模板微反应器，微条纹反应器和微聚合反应器，以及它们在各高科技领域中的可能应用。     

Generation of ynolates via reductive lithiation using flow microreactors

A new method has been developed for the generation and subsequent reaction of ynolates in a micro flow reactor system. This new procedure allowed for ynolates to be prepared at 0 °C or ambient temperature within 1 min via a reductive lithiation reaction, whereas the corresponding batch processes generally require low temperature control and extended reaction times of up to 1 h. The resulting ynolates were applied to the olefination of carbonyl compounds, with the reactions reaching completion in a much shorter reaction time in the continuous flow reactor than the batch reactor. These results highlight the practical utility of the ynolate reaction, and represent the first reported example of the use of lithium naphthalenide in a flow microreactor, which would contribute to progress of the flash chemistry.     

Determination of the inhibitory effect of green tea extract on glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase based on multilayer capillary enzyme microreactor

Natural herbal medicines are an important source of enzyme inhibitors for the discovery of new drugs. A number of natural extracts such as green tea have been used in prevention and treatment of diseases due to their low‐cost, low toxicity and good performance. The present study reports an online assay of the activity and inhibition of the green tea extract of the Glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) enzyme using multilayer capillary electrophoresis based immobilized enzyme microreactors (CE‐IMERs). The multilayer CE‐IMERs were produced with layer‐by‐layer electrostatic assembly, which can easily enhance the enzyme loading capacity of the microreactor. The activity of the G6PDH enzyme was determined and the enzyme inhibition by the inhibitors from green tea extract was investigated using online assay of the multilayer CE‐IMERs. The Michaelis constant (K_m) of the enzyme, the IC₅₀ and K_i values of the inhibitors were achieved and found to agree with those obtained using offline assays. The results show a competitive inhibition of green tea extract on the G6PDH enzyme. The present study provides an efficient and easy‐to‐operate approach for determining G6PDH enzyme reaction and the inhibition of green tea extract, which may be beneficial in research and the development of natural herbal medicines. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Candida antarctica B Lipase-Loaded Microreactor for the Automated Derivatization of Lipids

A key bottleneck in the profiling of lipids is the multistep derivatization required prior to gas chromatography (GC) analysis. A single in-vial lipid derivatization and analysis may significantly minimize sample loss and improve analytical sensitivity. A cotton fiber-supported poly(glycidylmethacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) polymer microbrush microreactor loaded with Candida antarctica lipase B was developed for the facile conversion of triacylglycerols into fatty acid ethyl ester derivatives for gas chromatograph–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. The polymer microbrush microreactor was fabricated in effort to provide efficient, simplified, cost effective, and high-throughput GC–MS determination of triacylglycerols. The polymer microbrush microreactor was used as an in-vial triacylglycerol transesterification platform, with economical sample consumption of less than or equal to 100?µL and significant reduction of reagents. To evaluate the polymer microbrush microreactor performance for lipids, a triolein standard and camelina oil triacylglycerols were quantitatively transformed into ethyl oleate and fatty acid ethyl esters, respectively, following a 3?h reaction time. The lipase-loaded cotton fiber-supported poly(glycidylmethacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) polymer microbrush microreactors were reusable for up to five times for quantitative transesterification with minimal loss of lipase activity.     

A novel lipase-based stationary phase in liquid chromatography

A streptavidin functionalized capillary immune microreactor was designed for highly efficient flow-through chemiluminescent (CL) immunoassay. The functionalized capillary could be used as both a support for highly efficient immobilization of antibody and a flow cell for flow-through immunoassay. The functionalized inner wall and the capture process were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. Compared to conventional packed tube or thin-layer cell immunoreactor, the proposed microreactor showed remarkable properties such as lower cost, simpler fabrication, better practicality and wider dynamic range for fast CL immunoassay with good reproducibility and stability. Using α-fetoprotein as model analyte, the highly efficient CL flow-through immunoassay system showed a linear range of 3 orders of magnitude from 0.5 to 200 ng mL⁻¹ and a low detection limit of 0.1 ng mL⁻¹. The capillary immune microreactor could make up the shortcoming of conventional CL immunoreactors and provided a promising alternative for highly efficient flow-injection immunoassay.     

Continuous Electrochemical Synthesis of Iso-Coumarin Derivatives from o-(1-Alkynyl) Benzoates under Metal- and Oxidant-Free

A non-oxidant and metal-free strategy for synthesizing iso-coumarin by using a continuous electrochemical microreactor to initiate an oxidative cyclization reaction of o-(1-alkynyl) benzoate and radicals. This efficient and clean continuous electrosynthesis method not only avoids the complicated gas protection operation and production of by-products in the batch processes, but also help to overcome the difficulty that batch metal catalysis and electrocatalysis are difficult to scale up, and has the potential for pilot-scale experiment.     

Thin Organic-Inorganic Anti-Fouling Hybrid-Films for Microreactor Components

Deposit formation and fouling in reactors for polymer production and processing especially in microreactors is a well-known phenomenon. Despite the flow and pressure loss optimized static mixers, fouling occurs on the surfaces of the mixer elements. To improve the performance of such parts even further, stainless steel substrates are coated with ultra-thin films which have low surface energy, good adhesion, and high durability. Perfluorinated organosilane (FOTS) films deposited via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are compared with FOTS containing zirconium oxide sol-gel films regarding the prevention of deposit formation and fouling during polymerization processes in microreactors. Both film structures led to anti-adhesive properties of microreactor component surfaces during aqueous poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) synthesis. To determine the morphology and surface chemistry of the coatings, different characterization methods such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as well as microscopic methods such as field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are applied. The surface free energy and wetting properties are analyzed by means of contact angle measurements. The application of thin film-coated mixing elements in a microreactor demonstrates a significant lowering in pressure increase caused by a reduced deposit formation.     

Selective deprotection of trityl group on carbohydrate by microflow reaction inhibiting migration of acetyl group

The trityl group is an important and useful protecting group for primary hydroxy groups on carbohydrates. However, during deprotection, neighboring acetyl groups can easily migrate to the deprotected hydroxy groups. Hence, deprotection of trityl groups was optimized using a microreactor with regard to flow rate, reagent concentration, reaction time, and substrate concentration. The optimized microflow reaction conditions inhibited migration and could be applied to large-scale reactions and other substrates.     

毛细管电泳柱端酶微反应器研究进展

微反应器是指使物理、化学、生化等反应在微小的空间内发生的装置。微反应器能减少试剂消耗和样品污染,且反应条件易于控制,特别适合于酶促反应分析,因而多为酶微反应器。微反应器与电泳联用时,可将毛细管柱端作为微反应器,集反应与分离于一根毛细管柱上,可实现反应与分离一次性完成。根据酶微反应器制备原理的不同进行分类,综述了近2年来毛细管电泳柱端酶微反应器的研究进展。