二阶导数同步荧光光谱法同时直接测定厚朴酚及和厚朴酚

研究了厚朴酚与和厚朴酚及其混合溶液的二阶导数同步荧光光谱,结果两者的二阶导数同步荧光光谱得到完全分离,消除了彼此间的干扰,据此建立了一种二阶导数同步荧光光谱法同时直接测定混合物中厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的新方法.厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的线性范围分别为2.8～500.0 μg/L和4.3～560.0 μg/L;检出限分别为0.84和1.30 μg/L,回收率分别为94.65%～105.58%和95.09%～104.51%; 相对标准偏差均低于4.08%.本方法用于同时直接测定厚朴药材及其提取物中厚朴酚与和厚朴酚含量,结果令人满意.     

Phytochemical analysis of Saponaria officinalis L. shoots and flowers essential oils

Phytochemical analysis by GC and GC/MS of the essential oil samples obtained from fresh shoots and flowers of Saponaria officinalis L. allowed the identification of 96 components in total, comprising 94.7% and 86.0% of the total oils compositions, respectively. Regarding the shoots essential oil, the major of 87 identified volatile compounds were phytol (14.1%), tricosane-6,8-dione (13.4%), patchouli alcohol (7.9%) and tricosane (7.2%), whereas patchouli alcohol (20.0%), heneicosane (11.5%) and tricosane (8.4%) were dominant among the 66 volatiles in the flower oil. Nonterpenoid compounds had the highest contribution in S. officinalis shoots essential oil (53.7%), while in the flower oil, constituents were almost evenly distributed between the oxygenated sesquiterpenoid (41.2%) and nonterpenoid compounds (39.5%).     

山茱萸酸性多糖FCP5-A的分离纯化与结构表征

从山茱萸中提取出水溶性粗多糖, 经柱色谱分离纯化得到一种酸性多糖组分FCP5-A. 采用高效凝胶渗透色谱法(HPGPC)测定其为均一性多糖, 平均分子量为8.7×104. 经IR、GC、部分酸水解、13C NMR及甲基化分析等方法对该多糖的化学结构进行了表征. 结果表明, 该多糖由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖及半乳糖醛酸组成, 其摩尔比为1∶5.7∶0.6∶1.2. FCP5-A为多分支结构, 由-2)Rha(1-及-4)GalA(1-构成主链, 在鼠李糖的4位存在分支; 支链主要由高度分支的阿拉伯糖构成, 此外还存在-3)Gal(1-; 末端残基为Ara(1-及Gal(1-. 结果提示, FCP5-A为一种新的山茱萸酸性分支多糖.     

Officinalioside,a new lignan glucoside from Borago officinalis L.

A new lignan glucoside, officinalioside (1), was isolated from n-BuOH fraction of the aerial parts of Borago officinalis L., together with four known compounds: actinidioionoside (2), roseoside (3), crotalionoside C (4) and kaempferol 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (5). The structure of the new compound was established by means of spectroscopic and chemical analyses. Compounds 1 and 2 showed a moderate DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀: 52.6 ± 1.70 and 41.3 ± 0.25 μM, respectively) comparable with that of the standard trolox (16.6 ± 2.2 μM) without any significant cytotoxicity towards human cell line A549 (IC₅₀ > 100 μM).     

黄土区金盏菊幼苗根部细胞壁对Pb/Cd复合胁迫响应的FTIR和Raman光谱

植物修复法是新兴的重金属污染土壤修复手段,也是未来极富应用潜力的主流技术之一。植物根部细胞壁作为重金属/土壤/植物相的交界面,天然地成为修复效能调控过程的关键部位和信号通道。植物细胞壁与重金属离子的作用行为具有物理化学和生理生化的双重属性,但以光谱技术为切入点,原位解析植物根部细胞壁对土壤重金属离子的响应关系还不多见。以黄土区修复植物金盏菊幼苗为研究对象,分析Pb/Cd复合胁迫对其根部细胞壁形貌的影响,借助X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和拉曼光谱(Raman)揭示细胞壁对Pb/Cd胁迫的响应信号。结果发现:Pb/Cd胁迫导致金盏菊根部细胞壁弯曲萎缩,表面分布若干点状深色沉积物颗粒;XRF证实细胞壁Pb/Xd含量增加,但XRD图谱没有发现典型Pb/Xd结晶峰。FTIP图谱中—OH振动峰定位于3 416 cm~(-1)处,表明Pb/Cd离子与—OH间可能存在配位键合;1 701和1 593 cm~(-1)处的特征峰分别移动到1 736和1 618 cm~(-1),说明Pb/Cd胁迫改变了金盏菊根部细胞壁蛋白质结构属性。Raman光谱中2 960 cm~(-1)附近峰强增加,暗示Pb/Cd胁迫影响了细胞壁纤维素分子排列方向。可以认为,细胞壁组分(果胶、蛋白质、纤维素等)和典型官能团(—OH,N—H,C=O等)对于减缓Pb/Cd胁迫引起的金盏菊根部细胞壁毒害效应贡献较大。     

山茱萸的大孢子发生和雌配子体发育

本文对山茱萸(Cornus officinalis Sieb.et Zucc.)的大孢子发生和雌配子体发育进行了研究,并用组织化学方法对胚珠组织中的RNA、DNA、蛋白质和不溶性多糖进行了测定观察.山茱萸的胚珠为单珠被、薄珠心,并在发育过程中形成结构特殊的珠被绒毡层、承珠盘和珠孔塞.孢原细胞直接起大孢子母细胞作用.合点端大孢子具功能.胚囊发育属寥型.在开花前2个月时,成熟胚囊中的2个极核融合次生核,3个反足细胞退化,形成由一个3-细胞卵器和一个具次生核的中央细胞构成的4-细胞雌配子体.某些助细胞中的核位于近合点端,珠孔端为大液泡所占据,次生核通常位于胚囊的合点端.对珠被细胞的RNA、DNA、蛋白质和不溶性多糖的染色均呈较强的正反应.在成熟后期的珠被各层细胞中,除多糖颗粒外,对其他几种物质的检测结果均表现出由外向内形成一个较明显的浓度梯度,即珠被绒毡层着色最深.在成熟的雌配子体中,以卵细胞对Brachet反应最强,其次是中央细胞.卵细胞含大量淀粉粒,助细胞和中央细胞含淀粉粒少,且颗粒比卵细胞中的小.卵细胞和中央细胞呈Feulgen负反应.     

Alkaloids from stems of Ervatamia yunnanensis

Six indole alkaloids were isolated from the stems of Ervatamia yunnanensis. Among them, yunnanensine (I) is new. The other five are known alkaloids, namely: 19,20-E-vallesamine (II), 19s-heyneanine (HI), ibogaine (IV), ibogamine (V), coronaridine (VI). The structural elucidation of the alkaloids was based on spectral means.     

Quantification of Valerenic Acid in Valeriana jatamansi and Valeriana officinalis by HPTLC

A simple, rapid, cost-effective and accurate high performance thin layer chromatographic method has been developed for quantification of valerenic acid in Valeriana jatamansi and Valeriana officinalis which is one of the stable compounds of Valeriana officinalis and designated as a key marker compound. Valerenic acid makes substantial contribution to the sedative and spasmolytic activity of the essential oil and extract of Valeriana officinalis. Separation and quantification was achieved by HPTLC using ternary mobile phase of hexane: ethyl acetate: acetic acid (80:20:0.5 v/v) on precoated silica gel 60F₂₅₄ aluminium plates and densitometric determination was carried out after derivatization with anisaldehyde-sulphuric acid reagent at 700 nm, in absorption-reflectance mode. The calibration curves were linear in the range of (500 ng–2.5 μg). This is the first HPTLC report for the identification and quantification of valerenic acid in Valeriana jatamansi and Valeriana officinalis.     

SPME – A valuable tool for investigation of flower scent

A novel Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction (HS‐SPME) protocol is proposed for the analysis of floral scent. Volatile compounds emitted from the flower are collected on a Carboxen/PDMS fiber for 1 hour, transferred to the GC, and analyzed by GC/MS. The method completely eliminates the use of organic solvents, does not require special instrumentation, and may readily be performed in the field without access to mains electricity and other energy supplies. The method is robust, sensitive, and reduces the sampling stress on the investigated plant. Since enzymatic reactions in living flowers may cause changes in the composition of emitted fragrance, dried rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) was used as a stable standard for the method development and optimization. In addition, grape wine was also suggested as homogeneous, bio‐compatible, and relatively stable standard of pronounced and typical scent for the same purpose. The optimized method was used for the comparative investigation of the fragrances emitted by two different species – Lathyrus vernus (L.) and Orchis pallens (L.). Several monoterpenes (C10 compounds) were found as the main fragrance components of lathyrus, while sesquiterpenes (C15 compounds) were typical for the orchid.     

缬草根化学成分的研究

本文报道了湖南花坦县产的缬草根的化学成分，用气相色谱－色谱－计算机联用和波谱技术鉴定了缬草根中的４４个组分，其中乙酸里哪醇酯，２－蒈烯，马拶铃烯，瓦伦烯，香橙烯，愈创木烯，异尼醇，乙酸金合欢酯，邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯，６，１３－二甲基－十四烷酸和２－甲基十六烷酸甲酯等化合物是在缬草根中首次发现的，对缬草根中的氨基酸和微量元素也进行了测定。