电吸附技术的应用与研究

本文综述了活性炭、活性炭纤维、炭气凝胶及活性氧化铝等材料的电吸附/脱附技术的研究进展。主要介绍了其在去除水中无机和有机污染物方面的应用，并对今后的研究方向提出了建议。     

高性能纳米碳材料改性Cu/ZnO/Al2O3甲醇水蒸汽重整制氢催化剂

由铜基催化剂催化甲醇水蒸汽重整制氢是有效解决车载燃料电池等制氢需求的潜在途径．但传统铜基催化剂对该反应的低温催化活性及制氢选择性均不理想．近年来碳纳米管及活性碳纤维等因具有独特的纳米孔结构、高比表面积和优异的吸附性能作为潜在的新型催化材料而备受关注．     

Fractal Aperture Distribution of Activated Carbon Fiber and Adsorption Behavior to Low‐Density Benzene Steam

Based on the J(x) fractal distribution function of aperture given by Jaroniec, this article suggests another function K(x), a variant of J(x) but offering new insight. We then use these two functions to characterize three kinds of activated carbon fiber (ACF) of different specific areas. This article also provides the fractal distribution of the aperture and the isotherm of nonpolarity benzene steam on the ACF specimens and the relationship between them.     

酰胺接枝ACF的制备及其在处理水体中重金属Cu2+的应用

利用聚丙烯腈基活性碳纤维(PAN-ACF)表面存在的羧基与氯化亚砜SOCl2发生酰氯化反应后与乙二胺110℃加热回流在其表面接枝胺基、酰胺基团对其进行改性,用傅立叶转换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)对改性前后活性碳纤维的表面结构和元素结合态及含量变化进行了表征,并将改性后的活性碳纤维(NH-ACF)应用于水体中Cu2+离子的去除处理,用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)检测被处理溶液中的Cu2+离子浓度变化,进而得出Cu2+离子在NH-ACF上的最大吸附量qmax.结果表明,NH-ACF比未改性处理的PAN-ACF对Cu2+吸附去除能力具有显著的优势,前者约为后者的1.5倍.     

SO2和NO对ACF低温脱除模拟燃煤烟气中VOC的影响

采用H₂O₂浸渍的方法对活性炭纤维(ACF)进行改性,并利用氮吸附等温线和XPS(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy)的方法对ACF样品进行表征。通过实验测定改性前后ACF脱除VOC(甲苯作为VOC的代表物)的效果,同时考察二氧化硫(SO₂)和一氧化氮(NO)对ACF脱除甲苯的影响。研究发现,双氧水浸渍改性对ACF的BET表面积和孔容没有影响,但使得ACF样品表面的含氧官能团含量大量增加。实验数据也表明,SO₂和NO对VOC在ACF上的吸附具有抑制作用,且随着两者浓度的增加,抑制作用也增强。 研究还发现,SO₂和NO同时存在比单一的SO₂或NO对VOC在ACF上吸附的抑制作用更为明显。     

CeO2/ACF的低温SCR烟气脱硝性能研究

在氧存在下以NH3为还原剂的选择性催化还原烟气NOX技术（SCR）已经工程化。工业中常用的催化剂，主要是V2O5／TiO2或V2O5-WO3／TiO2，在300℃～400℃表现出高的NOX脱除率。为此，选择性催化还原法（SCR）装置须安装在空气预热器之前和省煤器之后，以利用过程的烟气温度。但这里存在的高浓度粉尘和SO2容易引起催化剂中毒和使用寿命减少，因此，研究开发低温运行（〈300℃）的SCR催化剂，使催化反应器能布置在除尘或／和脱硫之后，具有重要意义。同时烟道废气的温度会因生产装置负荷的变化而有较大的波动，这就要求催化剂具有较宽的高活性温度区间。     

TiO2-loaded activated carbon fiber: Hydrothermal synthesis,adsorption properties and photo catalytic activity under visible light irradiation

TiO₂-loaded activated carbon fibers (ACF) were prepared by a hydrothermal method. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS). SEM images showed that the TiO₂ nanoparticles were deposited on the surface of ACF, and the particle size and loading amount of TiO₂ were varied by changing the initial concentration of tetrabutyl titanate (TBOT). The results of an ash experiment showed that the loading amounts of TiO₂ were 18.4%, 43.3%, 52.5%, 75.1%, and 91.1% for initial concentrations of TBOT of 0.07, 014, 0.21, 0.28, and 0.35 mol/L, respectively. Physical interactions played an important role in the formation of TiO₂/ACF composite fibers that absorb UV and visible light. Compared with those of ACF, improved adsorption and photocatalytic activity toward Rhodamine B (RhB) were observed for TiO₂/ACF composite fiber. The Rhodamine B could be removed efficiently by TiO₂/ACF composite fibers, and the TiO₂ loading amount had a significant effect on the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂/ACF composite fibers.     

Halide-oxygen interactions in solutions. Part one. Chloride-oxygen interactions in aqueous hydrogen chloride

The solvation of chloride ion in some concentrated aqueous hydrogen chloride solutions has been measured at three concentrations, 7.48, 10.08, and 12.28 N hydrochloric acid, by x-ray diffraction. In each case the primary solvation sphere, which contains approximately eight waters per chloride, as well as the secondary sphere about chloride are clearly discernible. The former is characterized by Cl–O interactions (hydrogen-bonded) at an average distance of ca. 3.25 Å. In the secondary sphere, chloride ion is separated from each oxygen by ca. 6.2 Å. The primary and, particularly, the secondary hydration spheres about chloride ion in these solutions are considerably more ordered than the corresponding hydration spheres in aqueous alkali metal chloride solutions. Because of the requisite sharing of water molecules by neighboring chloride ions, it is not possible to unambiguously determine the average primary sphere geometry of water molecules, about the chloride ions. No apparent correlation between the highly ordered primary and secondary solvation spheres about chloride and the various models proposed for the structure of liquid water are noted. Evidence for short O–O hydrogen-bonded contacts at 2.5–2.6 Å is given, but no H–Cl and/or H–O contact distances are evidenced.     

红塔系列香烟月均价格的时间序列分析

本文利用时间序列的方法,对带有删失数据的红塔烟草系列的月度平均价格进行了统计分析。得到了一定置信水平下的时间序列模型。为进一步的定性分析提供了模型基础。     

催化CVD调变PAN-ACF微结构研究

首次采用催化气相沉积法(CVD),以异丙醇为溶剂将催化剂[Ni(NO₃)₂·6H₂O]有效地分散在PAN-ACF较大的微孔上,使其成为积炭的活性位,从而将ACF的孔径调控在分子筛孔径效应范围内.以液氮为吸附质,测定了样品吸附等温线,采用H-K及DFT法计算孔结构,用XRD及SEM表征ACF的显微织构,并对该沉积过程进行了解释.