自掺杂SnO2微球的水热合成及其可见光催化性能

本研究采用水热法,以柠檬酸为螯合剂,通过控制n(Sn⁴⁺)/n(Sn²⁺)的数值,合成了由具有丰富氧空位的SnO₂纳米晶体组装成的微球。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及UV-Vis漫反射光谱对SnO₂纳米微球进行表征分析,结果表明:在酸性水热条件和柠檬酸的螯合作用下,二氧化锡纳米晶体聚集形成微球;在Sn⁴⁺/Sn²⁺摩尔比例为3:7时,其微球尺寸最小,整体分散性较好;同时适量二价锡离子的掺杂使得该样品氧空位浓度达到最佳,氧空位的存在将使得样品光吸收范围拓展至可见光,因而该样品显示出较强的可见光催化效率,在8 min内完全降解甲基橙。     

Al2O3忆阻器中氧空位对阻值转换性能的影响研究

忆阻器能够在外加电压下实现高阻态与低阻态的转换,在存储器件及仿神经网络计算等方面有着重要的应用。本文通过在Si衬底上制备得到Pt-Al2O3-Pt的金属-绝缘层-金属结构的忆阻器器件,研究了氧空位对阻值转换性能的影响。利用原子层沉积技术工艺控制生长不同氧空位浓度的Al2O3薄膜,测量并比较其Ⅰ—Ⅴ循环曲线,发现仅有在氧空位浓度较高情况下忆阻器才能够实现在高阻态和低阻态之间的转换。本文实验结果表明氧空位对于实现阻值转换性能有着重要的影响,对生长制备忆阻器器件有着重要意义。     

热电制冷技术研究与应用

热电制冷技术是一种主要基于帕尔贴效应的新型制冷技术,由于其具有结构简单、制冷迅速、寿命长等优点,热电制冷技术受到了越来越多的关注。通过对国内外相关文献的研究,对热电制冷技术的原理进行了阐述,并对热电制冷的应用和性能优化两方面的发展进行了综述。     

射频等离子制备石墨烯负载Co3O4催化剂及其析氧性能研究

氢能的引入能有效提升配电网的供电可靠性,而电解水制氢是实现低碳转型的关键技术,开发高效的电解水催化剂势在必行。过渡金属氧化物储量大、催化活性高,是具有广阔应用前景的析氧反应催化剂。本文通过射频等离子体处理制备石墨烯上负载Co₃O₄析氧催化剂,XRD、Raman和XPS测试结果显示,二维结构石墨烯的引入加速表面电子迁移,增大了反应面积。等离子体处理促进了纳米粒子在石墨烯上的负载,利用等离子体刻蚀作用在催化剂表面制造出大量碳结构缺陷和氧空位结构,改善了活性位点分布,有效调控Co₃O₄电子结构,提高析氧催化活性。电化学测试表明,本文中合成的Co₃O₄@rGO在电流密度为50 mA·cm^-2时的过电位为410 mV,动力学反应速率较快,表现出优于商业IrO₂的析氧催化活性。     

水热法制备二氧化锡/钨酸铋复合光催化材料及其催化活性研究

本文用水热法制备了正交晶系的纳米球状结构的二氧化锡和正交晶系的由片状聚集成球状结构的钨酸铋,并且对二者进行了复合,制备出了二氧化锡/钨酸铋复合光催化材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、比表面积测试仪(BET)、紫外可见分光光度计等技术对复合样品的结构、形貌、比表面积、孔容孔径和光学性质进行了表征。用碘钨灯模拟太阳光,分别以二氧化锡、钨酸铋和二氧化锡/钨酸铋复合材料为催化剂降解罗丹明B(RhB),研究所制备的二氧化锡/钨酸铋复合材料的光催化活性。光催化90 min时二氧化锡、钨酸铋和二氧化锡/钨酸铋对罗丹明B的降解率分别是9%、22%和30%。实验结果表明,在可见光下,二氧化锡/钨酸铋复合材料的光催化活性要高于单一的二氧化锡和钨酸铋。     

氨基功能化磁性CoFe2O4/氧化石墨烯去除电镀废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的研究

使用改良的hummers法制备出的氧化石墨烯为载体,采用共沉淀法制备出磁性CoFe2O4/氧化石墨烯(MGO),再使用三乙烯四胺(TETA)对磁性CoFe2O4/氧化石墨烯进行氨基功能化,制备出氨基功能化磁性CoFe2O4/氧化石墨烯吸附剂.采用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对TETA-MGO的物相、化学组成和微观形貌进行表征,以TETA-MGO作为吸附剂去除电镀废水中Cr(Ⅵ),探讨吸附性能和吸附机理,分析TETA-MGO在外加磁场下的液固分离和再生吸附性能.结果表明纳米级立方尖晶石相磁性CoFe2O4均匀生长于氧化石墨烯的表面和片层之间,TETA通过C-N键与磁性氧化石墨烯(MGO)相连,氨基功能化成功,活性吸附位点增点.室温下,pH =2时吸附效果最佳,吸附120 min时达到吸附平衡,平衡吸附量约为48.66 mg·g-1,TETA-MGO对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附动力学和吸附热力学可分别使用拟二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型描述,吸附过程主要属于化学吸附控制的单分子层吸附,使用外加磁场可以对TETA-MGO实现简单的固液分离,TETA-MGO经过6次再生吸附后,对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量仅下降19.67;,说明具有良好的循环再生吸附能力.     

微波法制备CaMoO4:Tb3+,Eu3+白色荧光粉及其发光性能研究

通过微波法制备了CaMoO4:Tb3+,Eu3+白色荧光粉.采用X射线粉末衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和荧光光谱仪对样品材料的结构、形貌和发光性能进行了表征.分别讨论了在不同助剂、不同反应浓度、不同反应温度及稀土离子Eu3+和Tb3+共掺比例变化对荧光粉的发光性能的影响.结果表明:不加活性剂所得CaMoO4:Tb3+,Eu3+样品在反应浓度为0.06 mol/L、反应温度为120℃时发光性能最好;通过调节CaMoO4:Tb3+,Eu3+荧光粉中稀土离子Eu3+和Tb3+共掺比例荧光粉的发光颜色可以很容易地从冷白光变为暖白光.     

基于NiCo2O4纳米片电极的非对称混合电容器

The looming global energy crisis and ever-increasing energy demands have catalyzed the development of renewable energy storage systems. In this regard, supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted widespread attention because of their advantageous attributes such as high power density, excellent cycle stability, and environmental friendliness. However, SCs exhibit low energy density and it is important to optimize electrode materials to improve the overall performance of these devices. Among the various electrode materials available, spinel nickel cobaltate (NiCo₂O₄) is particularly interesting because of its excellent theoretical capacitance. Based on the understanding that the performances of the electrode materials strongly depend on their morphologies and structures, in this study, we successfully synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets on Ni foam via a simple hydrothermal route followed by calcination. The structures and morphologies of the as-synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and the results showed that they were uniformly distributed on the Ni foam support. The surface chemical states of the elements in the samples were identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ products were then tested as cathode materials for supercapacitors in a traditional three-electrode system. The electrochemical performances of the NiCo₂O₄ electrode materials were studied and the area capacitance was found to be 1.26 C·cm^-2 at a current density of 1 mA·cm^-2. Furthermore, outstanding cycling stability with 97.6% retention of the initial discharge capacitance after 10000 cycles and excellent rate performance (67.5% capacitance retention with the current density from 1 to 14 mA·cm^-2) were achieved. It was found that the Ni foam supporting the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets increased the conductivity of the electrode materials. However, it is worth noting that the contribution of nickel foam to the areal capacitance of the electrode materials was almost zero during the charge and discharge processes. To further investigate the practical application of the as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets-based electrode, a device was assembled with the as-prepared samples as the positive electrode and active carbon (AC) as the negative electrode. The assembled supercapacitor showed energy densities of 0.14 and 0.09 Wh·cm^-3 at 1.56 and 4.5 W·cm^-3, respectively. Furthermore, it was able to maintain 95% of its initial specific capacitance after 10000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance of the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets could be ascribed to their unique spatial structure composed of interconnected ultrathin nanosheets, which facilitated electron transportation and ion penetration, suggesting their potential applications as electrode materials for high performance supercapacitors. The present synthetic route can be extended to other ternary transition metal oxides/sulfides for future energy storage devices and systems.     

炭吸附纳米氧化铋的制备及其光催化性能

以粗氧化铋和浓硝酸为原料,采用炭吸附共沉淀法制备氧化铋(Bi2 O3)纳米粉体.通过热重分析仪(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对得到的粉体的焙烧温度、物相、光吸收性能及微粒尺寸进行表征.结果显示:活性炭的加入有效阻止了纳米氧化铋在制备、干燥以及焙烧过程的团聚和烧结;在500℃煅烧制备的Bi2 O3粉体结晶度高、颗粒分布均匀,平均晶粒尺寸为10.8 nm,比表面积为86.43 m2·g-1;加入活性炭煅烧得到的Bi2 O3粉体在可见光区域吸收性能明显增强,对可见光有更好的吸收性能.评价纳米Bi2O3光催化活性是利用可见光光催化降解甲基橙(MO)目标污染物,60 min内甲基橙降解率达到91.77;.     

烧结温度对Cao.9(NaCe)0.05Bi2Nb2O9无铅压电陶瓷性能的影响

采用传统固相反应法制备了Ca0.9(NaCe)0.05Bi2 Nb2 O9铋层状无铅压电陶瓷.采用XRD、SEM、EDS及相关电学性能测试系统表征了样品的晶体结构、断面形貌、元素组成以及介电、压电、铁电等性能,探究不同烧结温度对于陶瓷性能的影响.结果表明:当烧结温度为1150℃时,样品的晶体结构单一均匀,呈现片层状结构,致密性较好,压电常数高达17 pC/N,介电损耗仅为0.42;,居里温度为908℃,并且具有很好的温度稳定性,说明固相反应法制备的Ca0.9(NaCe)0.05Bi2Nb2O9压电陶瓷最佳烧结温度为1150℃.