SnS2气敏材料研究进展

气体传感器能够有效检测浓度低于人类嗅觉极限的有毒有害及易燃易爆等气体，在军事国防、环境安全、医疗诊断等领域具有重大的研究意义。其中电阻式气体传感器因其成本低廉，普遍适用于民用气体检测而受到广泛应用。气敏材料是气体传感器的核心，设计合成合适的气敏材料对发展高性能气体传感器至关重要。本文在简单介绍气体传感器、电阻式气体传感器以及电阻式气体传感器常用的几种传感材料的基础上，聚焦于n型半导体SnS₂气敏材料，归纳了该材料的结构与性质，重点阐述了提升SnS₂气敏材料传感性能的方法，包括空位工程、热激活工程、光激活工程和异质结工程，并对SnS₂气敏材料的研究趋势进行了展望。     

高灵敏银纳米棒阵列对农药啶虫脒的表面增强拉曼散射快速检测

The determination of pesticide residue on agricultural products is increasingly important.Exposure to pesticides can cause severe acute reactions in humans,including aplastic anemia and leukemia.In this work,we developed a rapid and sensitive method to detect acetamiprid pesticide residue based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering.Silver nanorod (AgNR) arrays were fabricated by oblique angle deposition technology and were used as SERS substrates.Prior to detection,the AgNR arrays were cleaned with nitric acid solution or a mixture of methanol and acetone.Compared to the unwashed AgNR arrays,the AgNR arrays washed with methanol and acetone shows a signal enhancement 1000 times greater than the unwashed AgNR array due to the effective removal of the impurities on its surface.The limit of detection of acetamiprid was determined to be 0.05 mg/L.In addition,the molecular structure of acetamiprid was simulated and the corresponding vibration modes of the characteristic bands of acetamiprid were calculated by density function theory.To demonstrate its practical application,the AgNRs array substrates were applied successfully to the rapid identification of acetamiprid residue on a cucumber''s surface.These results confirmed possibility of utilizing the AgNRs SERS substrates as a new method for highly sensitive pesticide residue detection.     

电沉积制备掺杂镧的Ni(OH)2及其超电容特性

用电沉积法制备掺杂La的Ni（OH）2超级电容器材料。通过XRD对掺杂La的Ni（OH）2进行结构表征，并采用三电极体系模拟电池对其电化学性能进行研究。研究结果表明：Ni（OH）2和La（OH）3的沉积过程主要受电化学极化控制，有利于获得均匀细致的结晶，且La（OH）3没有单独成相，可能是以La^3＋形式掺杂在了Ni（OH）2的晶格中。当Ni（NO3）2（0.5M）：La（N03）2（0.25M）=9：1（体积比）时，掺杂La的Ni（OH）2电极材料的放电容量最大，可达到840F·g^-1，且循环可逆性较好。当以1000mA·g^-1放电时也能达到670F·g-1。     

超级电容器用MnO2基复合电极材料研究现状与展望

超级电容器因其功率密度高、环保性能优异等特点引起人们的兴趣.二氧化锰具有天然含量丰富、绿色环保、高比容量和晶体结构多样性等优点,是一种优良的电极材料.但二氧化锰的导电性能差,工作过程中结构不稳定等缺点严重影响了其电化学性能.本文对本课题组和国内外学者多年来对MnO2应用金属掺杂、硫化物、碳材料、导电聚合物复合、微观结构改性构建核壳结构等研究成果进行总结概括,并展望今后的工作研究方向和重点.