农药残留检测中表面增强拉曼光谱的研究进展

农药直接污染环境和食物,最终被人体吸收。其残留物具有高毒性,对人体健康造成严重影响。色谱法、气液色谱串联质谱法等在农药残留检测中应用较为广泛,但存在预处理步骤复杂、费时耗力等缺点。表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）技术因具备灵敏度高、特异性好、提供全面指纹信息且对样品无损等优点被视为一种新型农残检测方法,可通过简单提取实现液体或固体样品中痕量农药残留的高效检测。在这篇综述中,主要从SERS的增强基底制备、检测方法以及光谱智能解析三个方面对农药残留SERS检测技术及方法的研究进展进行综述,以期为农药残留检测方法提供新的参考。首先,针对SERS增强基底制备,单一的贵金属溶胶纳米颗粒因其“热点”随机、不可控等因素导致稳定性和灵敏性较差,已不能满足痕量农药残留检测。为提高SERS基底的吸附能力使待测物在其表面富集且信号不发生显著变化,对单一贵金属溶胶纳米颗粒进行组装,或加入化学物质、惰性材料等进行修饰制备均一性高的SERS复合基底,保证SERS信号有良好的重现性和灵敏性。其次,为了实现特异性和高灵敏检测,SERS检测方法不再只以单纯的金、银纳米颗粒作为增强基底,而是逐渐趋向于优化样本前处理技术、化学修饰法制备特异性SERS探针、基底物理结构突破以及动态SERS（D-SERS）检测等方向发展。在获得物质的拉曼光谱后,有效拉曼特征区通常在较短的波数范围内,而光谱数据高达上千维,冗余较多,导致后续分析复杂度增加。SERS光谱智能分析则采用化学计量学方法对原始光谱进行预处理、特征提取和模型构建,实现数据降维和主要信息提取,进而实现农残的定性与定量。综上,SERS作为一种快速检测农药残留的方法具有很好的发展前景,可为今后的分析检测领域提供新的借鉴。     

以银纳米棒/氯化银为SERS基底用维多利亚蓝B分子探针检测大肠杆菌

加入增敏剂AgNO₃和NaCl,在银纳米棒(AgNRs)表面吸附了较牢固的AgCl并形成高SERS活性的AgNR/AgCl溶胶基底,维多利亚蓝B(VBB)分子探针在1 611 cm-1处有一较强的SERS峰。用VBB做大肠杆菌(EC)的染色剂,使染色的大肠杆菌具备VBB分子探针的SERS特性,即VBB染色大肠杆菌也在1 611 cm-1处有一较强的SERS峰。在最优条件下,该SERS峰强与大肠杆菌浓度在5×106～3×109 cfu·mL-1 范围内成正比,检出限为2×106 cfu·mL-1,用于水样和饮料中大肠杆菌的分析,具有简便、快速、灵敏等优点。     

状态转变增强拉曼光谱

表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)是公认的超灵敏的光谱工具.和传统的优化SERS基底材料或构筑完美的结构策略相比,我们提出了一种极其简单和灵敏的方法,该方法被命名为状态转变增强拉曼光谱(STERS).这种STERS检测方法可广泛的应用于毒品安全检测、食品安全和环境保护等方面.如果我们把这种方法和便携式拉曼光谱仪结合,这种应用...     

银纳米颗粒阵列的表面增强拉曼散射效应研究

利用具有高密度拉曼热点的金属纳米结构作为表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)基底,可以显著增强吸附分子的拉曼信号.本文通过阳极氧化铝模板辅助电化学法沉积制备了高密度银(Ag)纳米颗粒阵列;利用扫描电子显微镜和反射谱表征了样品的结构形貌和表面等离激元特性;用1, 4-苯二硫醇(1, 4-BDT)为拉曼探针分子,研究了Ag纳米颗粒阵列的SERS效应.通过优化沉积时间,制备出高SERS探测灵敏度的Ag纳米颗粒阵列,检测极限可达10~(-13)mol/L;时域有限差分法模拟结果证实了纳米颗粒间存在强的等离激元耦合作用,且发现纳米颗粒底端的局域场增强更大.研究结果表明Ag纳米颗粒阵列可作为高效的SERS基底.     

The SERS response of semiordered Ag nanorod arrays fabricated by template oblique angle deposition

Semiordered Ag nanorod arrays are fabricated by template oblique angle deposition (OAD) using regular Au nano‐post arrays with different diameters as seed patterns. The Au nano‐post arrays do not give an observable surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity under our detection configuration, whereas the patterned Ag nanorod arrays can produce a very strong SERS signal. These SERS intensities increase monotonically with the decrease in the diameter and separation of the Ag nanorods, which demonstrates that one can improve the SERS detection by tuning the diameter and separation of the Ag nanorods, and the template OAD method can help produce more uniform, reproducible, and sensitive Ag nanorod SERS substrates. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

SERS的煎炸食品中丙烯酰胺速测方法研究

丙烯酰胺是一种具有神经毒性、生殖毒性,遗传毒性及免疫毒性的化合物,被列为2A级致癌物。富含碳水化合物的食物经高温烹饪后,丙烯酰胺暴露风险极大,建立对丙烯酰胺的速测方法具有重要的意义和实用价值。表面增强拉曼光谱技术(SERS)近年来发展迅速,利用高SERS活性纳米结构基底可实现对目标物拉曼"指纹"信号的高灵敏增强。复杂基质中目标物的SERS快速分析需要高活性的基底和高效的净化技术。建立了一种基于复合纳米结构的煎炸食品中丙烯酰胺的SERS快速分析方法。利用纳米银阵列负载纳米金粒子(AgNR@AuNPs)作为增强基底,一是该基底基于AgNR纳米棒之间以及AuNPs纳米粒子之间双重"热点"增强作用,对丙烯酰胺具有较高的SERS增强活性;二是该基底中AgNR为固相基底,每次使用前,利用稀硝酸除去表面氧化物,大大提高了SERS分析稳定性。还研究了AuNPs粒径和样品添加顺序对分析灵敏度的影响。煎炸食品中基质干扰严重,结合QuECHERS快速净化技术,在优化除脂、萃取溶剂及净化材料的用量比例、种类的基础上,选择正己烷为除脂溶剂,水∶乙腈(V/V=1∶1)为提取溶剂, MgSO4+NaCl为净化材料, 5 min内完成检测。分析灵敏度1μg·kg-1,在5~100μg·kg-1内以Δν=1 482 cm^-1为定量峰,实现定量分析,线性相关系数r=0.985, 5个添加浓度下回收率为77.1%~93.6%,相对标准偏差小于4.0%。所建立的方法有望用于食品安全现场检测中。     

载Au@Ag核壳复合双金属纳米棒的复合滤纸用作SERS基底

通过静电相互作用将单分散性良好的Au@Ag核壳复合双金属纳米棒(Au@AgNRs)负载于滤纸,制得载Au@AgNRs的复合滤纸。用扫描电子显微镜观察了使用不同Au@AgNRs溶液制备的复合滤纸Au@AgNRs中的分布情况,并统计了单位面积滤纸中Au@AgNRs的粒子数。将制得的载不同数量Au@AgNRs复合滤纸用作表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)基底,通过擦拭载玻片检测了其表面吸附的微量二硫化四甲基秋兰姆,发现使用150 nmol·L-1 Au@AgNRs溶液制备的复合滤纸具有较好的增强效果和检测重复性,十次重复检测结果的相对标准偏差为3.1%,检测线性范围为10-14~10-7 mol·L-1。载Au@AgNRs复合滤纸可作为SERS基底用于蔬菜水果表面农残的检测。     

二维银球腔阵列的制备及其在SERS检测中的应用

以密堆积的700 nm单分散聚苯乙烯微球为模板,采用多电流阶跃方法制备了不同深度的二维有序微/纳尺度银球腔阵列。通过扫描电子显微镜,反射紫外对球腔形貌及表面等离子体共振进行了表征,以对氨基苯硫酚及罗丹明6G为探针分子进行了表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)的研究。结果表明,通过控制电化学沉积的条件可以实现对球腔形貌的控制。以该种球腔阵列作为SERS基底,其增强因子可达107,并具有良好的信号重现性,信号间相对标准偏差小于8%。该基底用于对罗丹明6G的定量检测,检测限可达0.1 ng·mL-1。     

Quantitative Analysis of Amoxicillin Residues in Foods by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Amoxicillin is one of the most widely used antibiotics for food-producing animals and human beings. Amoxicillin residue in food-producing animals has become a growing concern for consumers because it has been proven to show potential carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects at a high-dose level in clinical use. So there is an urgency to develop a rapid, simple, and accurate detection method for amoxicillin residue in animal foods. In this study, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) coupled with gold nanoparticles was used for the rapid analysis of amoxicillin. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were conducted with Gaussian 03 at the B3LYP level using the 6-31G(d) basis set to analyze the assignment of vibrations. Results showed that the theoretical Raman spectra of amoxicillin were completely consistent with its experimental spectra. Gold nanoparticles used as a SERS substrate can significantly increase spectra signals of amoxicillin, and acidic pH can improve its characteristic peaks' shape and SERS sensitivity. Under optimum pH (pH 2), the detection limit could reach the level of 1 µg/mL in case of distilled water as solvent. Quantitative analysis of amoxicillin residues in foods revealed that the SERS technique with gold nanoparticles was sensitive and of a good stability and linear correlation. It was well suited for rapid analysis of amoxicillin residue in a great deal of food samples.     

Au-Nanoparticle-Array/Aligned-Ag-Nanowire-Based Flexible Dual Plasmonic Substrate for Sensitive Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection

The fabrication of flexible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates for sensitive detection on uneven or irregular surfaces is challenging. In this study, a flexible dual plasmonic SERS (FDPS) substrate rationally constructed using Au nanoparticle (AuNP) arrays/aligned Ag nanowires (AgNWs) and elastic polyurethane (PU) is demonstrated. It exhibits high sensitivity (detection limit of 10⁻⁸ m for melamine and 10⁻¹⁰ m for malachite green) and excellent reproducibility. The well-designed structure of AuNP arrays/aligned AgNWs fabricated using block copolymer self-assembly and oil–water–air interfacial self-assembly successfully enhances the electromagnetic field through plasmonic coupling. In addition, the FDPS substrate retains a high SERS sensitivity after exposure to air at room temperature for 30 days because of the high stability of AuNP arrays and antioxidation characteristic of the PU covered on the aligned AgNWs. Even after undergoing stretching, bending, and twisting for 100 cycles, the FDPS substrate maintains a stable SERS activity owing to the introduction of the elastic PU. This study demonstrates a potential application of SERS detection under practical conditions for irregular surfaces and may be helpful in the development of flexible sensors.