用同步辐射光研究复合材料内部结构及界面演化

本文提出了用同步辐射光研究复合材料内部结构及界面演化的方法。该方法采用合肥国家同步辐射实验室光刻实验站的软Ｘ射线，对复合材料试件在静态与加载状态下进行透射，由ＰＭＭＡ光刻胶记录带有内部结构信息的透射射线。通过光学显微镜或扫描电镜读出图象。文中给出了环氧树脂基复合材料内部结构及界面演化的实验探测结果     

上海软粘土微观特性及在土体变形与地面沉降中的作用研究

对上海软粘土的颗粒及集合体成分、孔径分布、微结构、孔隙溶液与阳离子交换性作了分析 ,对固结前后的孔径变化与人工回灌对土体性质可能带来的影响作了探讨 ,从物理化学角度阐述了软粘土微观特性对土体固结变形及地面沉降的影响.     

颗粒流研究评述

颗粒流可看作一种颗粒间直接作用占优势的特殊两相流,它涉及自然界和工程实际中的许多流动问题,例如泥石流、雪崩、滑坡及固体物料的管道输送等,现阶段在国际上对颗粒流的研究正形成一个热点,而在国内这方面的工作才刚刚开始,本文在广泛收集资料的基础上对颗粒流研究现状作了全面的评述,内容包括颗粒流动现彖、实验研究、基本理论、数值模拟,颗粒流研究中的主要问题及将来的发展方向.     

High-l Rydberg States＇ Interference Using a Double-Pulse Electric Field

The interference behavior of high-1 Rydberg states is investigated in external fields. We prepare high-l states from an initial excited ns Cs Rydberg state by applying one electric-field pulse. The interference between the initial ns state and the high-I states is investigated by two time-delayed short electric-field pulses. The state selective field ionization technique is used to measure the transfer ratio versus the field pulses parameters. The visibility of interference is defined to describe interference and the results show that a relative long duration of electric-field pulse will weaken the interference.     

基于近红外光谱和化学计量学的驴肉鉴别方法研究

驴肉具有极高的食用价值,资源的缺乏使其价格持续走高,由此引发的欺骗和掺假亟待解决。选取了不同部位(脖子、肋板、后墩和腱子)的驴肉样品(n=167)及牛肉(n=47)、猪肉(n=51)和羊肉(n=32)样品在4 000~12 500cm-1光谱范围上建立了驴肉的近红外光谱鉴别模型。比较了马氏距离判别分析、簇类独立软模式分类法、最小二乘-支持向量机方法分别结合平滑(5点、15点及25点)、一阶和二阶微分、多元散射校正和标准归一化的光谱预处理方法对肉块样品及大中小三个不同粉碎粒径(7,5,3mm)肉糜样品的分类模型结果发现,原始光谱前11个主成分得分作为输入的马氏距离判别及前6个主成分作为输入的最小二乘-支持向量机肉块样品分类模型较优,校正集和预测集正确率分别为100%和98.96%;原始光谱前5个主成分作为输入的LS-SVM大粒径肉糜样品分类模型结果较优,校正集和预测集判别正确率为100%和97.53%;原始光谱前8个主成分得分作为输入的簇类独立软模式分类法中粒径肉糜样品分类模型结果较优,校正集和预测集的判别正确率均为100%;而对于小粒径肉糜样品,原始光谱前7主成分输入的马氏距离判别和前9主成分输入的簇类独立软模式分类法模型均得到了校正集和预测集100%的判别正确率。以上模型中的驴肉样品均得到了100%的判别正确率。研究结果表明,使用近红外光谱分析技术结合化学计量学方法鉴别驴肉是可行的。     

Investigation on the influence of atomic potentials on the above threshold ionization

We systematically investigate the influence of atomic potentials on the above-threshold ionization （ATI） spectra in one-dimensional （1D） cases and compare them with the three-dimensional （3D） case by numerically solving the time-dependent Schrrdinger equation. It is found that the direct ionization plateau and the rescattering plateau of the ATI spectrum in the 3D case can be well reproduced by the 1D ATI spectra calculated from the supersolid-core potential and the soft-core potential, respectively. By analyzing the factors that affect the yield of the ATI spectrum, we propose a modified-potential with which we can reproduce the overall 3D ATI spectrum. In addition, the influence of the incident laser intensities and frequencies on the ATI spectra calculated from the proposed modified potential is studied.     

Electron impact ionization of neon and neonic ions under distorted-wave Born approximation

The （e, 2e） triple differential cross sections of 2s orbitals of neon and neonic ions （Z = 11-14） are calculated using a distorted-wave Born approximation under coplanar asymmetric geometry. The calculated results show that, with the increase in the nuclear charge number Z, the amplitude of triple differential cross sections decreases. The angle difference between the binary peak position and the direction of momentum transfer gradually increases with the increase in the nuclear charge Z, and a new structure appears at an ejected angle 90° 〈 θ2 〈 120°. Three kinds of collision processes are proposed to illustrate the formation mechanism of such collision peaks.     

Theoretical analysis on fully differential cross sections for C~(6+)impact ionization of helium

Fully differential cross sections （FDCS） are calculated within a four-body model for single ionization of helium by C6＋ impact at the incident energy of 100 MeV/a.u. （atomic unit）. The results are compared with experimental data and other theoretical predictions. It is shown that our results are in very good agreement with experiment for three small momentum transfers in the scattering plane; however, some significant discrepancies are still present at the largest momentum transfer in both the scattering plane and the perpendicular plane. In actuality, the problem has not been explained by the theory during the last decade. Accordingly, the contributions of different scattering amplitudes to FDCS are analyzed. It is found that for the largest momentum transfer the cross section arising from a destructive interference of the three amplitudes is much smaller than the experimental data. However, the cross section due to the constructive interference of two scattering amplitudes between projectile-ionized electron interaction and projectile-passive electron interaction almost approaches the experimental data.     

再入环境中的遥测信号软解调研究

PCM/FM遥测形式是飞行器再入遥测中应用较广泛的一种信号体制;针对跟踪目标再入过程中信噪比较低,而传统非相干鉴频法存在门限过高的问题,结合调频遥测信号的相位连续性,研究一种基于基带正交复旋转多符号检测(MSD)的软件化解调方法;通过仿真,验证了该方法可使解调门限有效降低。     

超导磁体剩余磁场对软磁材料测试的影响

超导磁体体积小,能够获得强磁场,磁场稳定度、均匀度很高,因此,在磁学测量设备中应用很广泛.美国Quantum Design公司的高精度磁学测量系统采用的就是超导磁体,最高磁场能够达到7 T.由于超导磁体材料本身缺陷的钉扎作用,在磁体退磁后,磁体内部有剩余磁场,有时能够大于30 Oe.由此产生的磁场误差将导致测试的矫顽力、剩磁等数据不准确,甚至导致反向的磁滞回线.设置的磁场初始值不同,剩余磁场的大小也不同;初始磁场越大,剩余磁场越大.这种剩余磁场效应在软磁材料测试过程中表现得尤为明显,产生的测试误差不可忽略,必须进行磁场误差修正才能得到正确的结果.本文阐明了超导磁体产生剩余磁场的原因、影响因素和规律,详述了测试软磁材料可能遇到的问题,并给出解决方法.