多壁碳纳米管的纯化及其表面含氧基团的表征

用兼具酸性和氧化性的HNO3水溶液可方便地除去残留在原生态多壁碳纳米管(CNT)上的Ni-MgO催化剂组分,同时在其表面产生某些含氧官能团,使原生态多壁碳纳米管的疏水性表面变为亲水性表面.采用Boehm中和滴定法以及X射线衍射(XRD)、热脱附谱(TPD)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术对HNO3处理过的多壁碳纳米管的相组成和表面含氧官能团进行测量和表征.结果表明:所生成表面含氧官能团的总量以经7.0mol·L-1硝酸378K处理24h的CNT为最高;3种主要表面含氧官能团的含量高低顺序为,羧基内酯型羧基酚型羟基.     

钨酸铅晶体及其熔体结构的高温拉曼光谱研究

测量了升温条件下(298～1473K)钨铅矿型钨酸铅(PbWO4)晶体及其熔体的拉曼光谱,确定了各振动模的归属,其中波数902.7cm-1的最强拉曼峰为[WO4]四面体的内振动光学模式ν1(Ag),属于对称伸缩振动。同时,随温度上升,谱峰展宽并伴随强度减弱,体系内无序化程度增加。至1398K晶体初步熔化,并且在1473K完全熔融,高温熔体谱中自由[WO4]2-结构单元的内振动模式显现,同时发生了由晶体固定晶胞的S4型对称性向熔体中[WO4]2-结构单元的Td型对称性的结构转化,表明PbWO4的熔体中存在相对孤立的[WO4]2-结构单元。     

中国旱涝极端事件前兆信号及可预测性研究

基于百分位,研究了Lorenz系统极端事件的前兆信号分布特征及可预测性;利用前兆信号及接收器算子特征曲线(receiver operator characteristic curve,ROC曲线)对中国旱涝极端事件可预测性进行研究,得到了极端事件的可预测效果与序列的自相关性、极端事件的极端程度之间的关系.研究表明,无论是Lorenz系统分量序列还是Palmer干旱指数序列(Palmer drought severity index, PDSI),存在极端事件的可预测性随极端程度增强而增加的现象.同时对各区域极端旱涝事件前兆信号及可预测性进行分析,为中国旱涝极端事件的预测提供一定科学依据. 关键词： 极端事件 前兆信号 可预测性     

1.2MJ能源模块中两电极气体开关开通特性

在新的强激光能源系统中,采用了一种大电荷转移量同轴结构的两电极气体开关。为了研究气体开关的开通过程,采用仿真软件ATP与PSCAD分别对该开关在开通过程中的某些特征参量对开通特性的影响进行了仿真分析和研究,提出了一种用于模拟气体开关开通过程的模型,并由此得到了触发电压与导通能量之间的关系曲线,并从中得出结论,触发能量对气体开关导通的影响不大。     

双向进气对于G-M型单级脉冲管制冷机性能影响的实验研究

根据Redebaugh相位分析理论,建立了双向进气对于G-M型脉冲管制冷机性能影响的数学模型,在此基础上提出了制冷机性能优化的若干措施。同时建立了单级G-M型脉冲管制冷机性能实验系统,通过改进小孔阀的开度,优化旋转阀的进气频率和双向进气的开度,使系统性能得到了明显的改善。     

基于紫外纳米压印的菲涅耳透镜制作

针对传统聚光系统中菲涅耳透镜成本较高并且光强分布不均匀的弊端,提出了利用紫外纳米压印技术制作菲涅耳透镜的方法.利用几何光学的光线追迹理论,设计了菲涅耳透镜模具.采用自行研制的紫外纳米压印系统对模具进行压印,紫外曝光后制得薄膜菲涅耳透镜.在太阳光下进行了测试,测试结果表明,低成本、高聚光倍数和光强分布均匀的菲涅耳透镜是可以实现的.     

Entanglement in a two-qubit Heisenberg XXZ chain with different Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya couplings and an inhomogeneous magnetic field

Ground state entanglement and thermal entanglement of a two-qubit Heisenberg XXZ chain in the presence of the different Dzyaloshinski-Moriya interaction and inhomogeneous magnetic field are investigated.By the concept of concurrence,we find that the inhomogeneity of the magnetic field may make entanglement last for a long time and the critical temperature is dependent on Jz and b.The entanglement can be increased by increasing the temperature in some cases.We also find that the x-component parameter Dx has a higher critical temperature and more entanglement for a certain condition than the z-component parameter Dz.     

Preparation and Characterization of Grain Size Controlled LaB6 Polycrystalline Cathode Material

The grain size controlled bulk Lanthanum hexaboride （LAB6） cathode material was prepared by using the spark plasma sintering method in an oxygen free system. The starting precursor nanopowders with average grain size of 50 nm were prepared by high-energy ball milling. The nanopowder was fully densified at 1300℃, which is about 350℃ lower than the sintering temperature of the coarse powders. The thermionic emission current density was measured to be 42.0 A/cm2, which is much higher than 24.2 A/cm2 of coarse powders and Vickers hardness to be 1860 kg/mm2, which is also higher than 1700 kg/mm2 of coarse one. These results indicate that refining the powder grain size to nano level was beneficial for reducing the sintering temperature and promoting the thermionic emission and mechanic properties.     

Focusing performance of small f-number metallic lens with depth-modulated slits

This paper studies a small f-number metallic lens with depth-modulated slits.Slits filled with dielectric between silver plates are designed to produce desired optical phase retardations based on the particular propagation properties of surface plasmon polaritons in nanostructures.Numerical simulation of this structure is performed through the finitedifference time-domain method.Different from the conventional dielectric lens,the metallic lens can be used as a pure phase element without energy loss brought by the light refraction at curved surfaces and total internal reflection.The focusing performance is consequently improved,with larger diffraction efficiency than that of the same shaped dielectric lens.     

2009年11月冰冻雨雪事件10—30d延伸期稳定分量提取及分析

针对2009年11月冰冻雨雪事件,通过经验正交函数分解等方法提取10—30 d稳定分量,并第一次运用计算贡献率和相似系数判定等手段把稳定分量进一步客观地分离成气候态稳定分量和异常型稳定分量.将气候态稳定分量与低通滤波分量合成气候背景场.研究发现:气候背景场环流形势持续时间较长,随时间变化缓慢,主要提供了事件发生的气候背景,指示大尺度环流调配置和调整;气候背景场空间活动范围较大,能较好地刻画永久半永久性大气活动中心变化情况,且在垂直各层有稳定一致的配置关系;异常型稳定分量重点体现了环流相对异常特征,与2009年11月冰冻雨雪事件有较好的对应关系.在气候背景场提供确定的环流大背景下,异常型稳定分量表征了对应天气系统的相对强弱变化.