风场影响下直接空冷系统热风回流率的空间分布特性

环境风场影响下,电站直接空冷系统热风回流加剧,传热性能恶化。掌握风场作用下直接空冷系统热风回流率的空间分布特性,可为空冷系统的设计和运行提供理论依据。以典型2×600 MW直接空冷电站为例,通过数值模拟获得了冷却空气流场和温度场,分别计算了空冷岛和各个空冷单元的热风回流率。计算结果表明,随环境风速增加,空冷岛热风回流率升高,并随风向发生显著变化,炉后来风时空冷岛热风回流最为严重。空冷单元热风回流率呈现空间分布特性,风场不同区域空冷单元热风回流存在显著差异,处于风场上游空冷单元通常具有更大的热风回流率。     

光速在相对论中的核心地位

介绍了关于真空中光速的假定的重要作用,它不仅是相对论理论的基础,而且使人们能够定义同时性并测量空间距离.     

投稿须知

1.投稿著作所有列名作者皆同意在投稿文章经本刊刊登后,其著作财产权即转让与《强激光与粒子束》编辑部,但作者仍保有著作人身权,并保有本著作     

Risk models for the Prize Collecting Steiner Tree problems with interval data

Given a connected graph G=(V,E)with a nonnegative cost on each edge in E,a nonnegative prize at each vertex in V,and a target set V′V,the Prize Collecting Steiner Tree(PCST)problem is to find a tree T in G interconnecting all vertices of V′such that the total cost on edges in T minus the total prize at vertices in T is minimized.The PCST problem appears frequently in practice of operations research.While the problem is NP-hard in general,it is polynomial-time solvable when graphs G are restricted to series-parallel graphs.In this paper,we study the PCST problem with interval costs and prizes,where edge e could be included in T by paying cost xe∈[c e,c+e]while taking risk(c+e xe)/(c+e c e)of malfunction at e,and vertex v could be asked for giving a prize yv∈[p v,p+v]for its inclusion in T while taking risk(yv p v)/(p+v p v)of refusal by v.We establish two risk models for the PCST problem with interval data.Under given budget upper bound on constructing tree T,one model aims at minimizing the maximum risk over edges and vertices in T and the other aims at minimizing the sum of risks over edges and vertices in T.We propose strongly polynomial-time algorithms solving these problems on series-parallel graphs to optimality.Our study shows that the risk models proposed have advantages over the existing robust optimization model,which often yields NP-hard problems even if the original optimization problems are polynomial-time solvable.     

On the Well-Posedness of Determination of Two Coefficients in a Fractional Integrodifferential Equation

The authors study an inverse problem for a fractional integrodifferential equation, which aims to determine simultaneously two time varying coefficients, a kernel function and a source function, from the additional integral overdetermination condition. By using the fixed point theorem in suitable Sobolev space, the global existence and uniqueness results of this inverse problem are obtained.     

Quasi-sure Flows Associated with Vector Fields of Low Regularity

The authors construct a solution Ut（x） associated with a vector field on the Wiener space for all initial values except in a 1-slim set and obtain the 1-quasi-sure flow property where the vector field is a sum of a skew-adjoint operator not necessarily bounded and a nonlinear part with low regularity, namely one-fold differentiability. Besides, the equivalence of capacities under the transformations of the Wiener space induced by the solutions is obtained.     

ON THE INVERTIBILITY OF HILBERT SPACE IDEMPOTENTS

This note is to present some results on the group invertibility of linear combina- tions of idempotents when the difference of two idempotents is group invertible.     

On the Rayleigh-Taylor Instability for Two Uniform Viscous Incompressible Flows

The authors study the Rayleigh-Taylor instability for two incompressible immis- cible fluids with or without surface tension, evolving with a free interface in the presence of a uniform gravitational field in Eulerian coordinates. To deal with the free surface, instead of using the transformation to Lagrangian coordinates, the perturbed equations in Eule- rian coordinates are transformed to an integral form and the two-fluid flow is formulated as a single-fluid flow in a fixed domain, thus offering an alternative approach to deal with the jump conditions at the free interface. First, the linearized problem around the steady state which describes a denser immiscible fluid lying above a light one with a free interface separating the two fluids, both fluids being in （unstable） equilibrium is analyzed. By a general method of studying a family of modes, the smooth （when restricted to each fluid domain） solutions to the linearized problem that grow exponentially fast in time in Sobolev spaces are constructed, thus leading to a global instability result for the linearized problem. Then, by using these pathological solutions, the global instability for the corresponding nonlinear problem in an appropriate sense is demonstrated.     

Geometric Property （T）

This paper discusses“geometric property （T）”. This is a property of metric spaces introduced in earlier works of the authors for its applications to K-theory. Geometric property （T） is a strong form of “expansion property”, in particular, for a sequence （Xn） of bounded degree finite graphs, it is strictly stronger than （Xn） being an expander in the sense that the Cheeger constants h（Xn） are bounded below. In this paper, the authors show that geometric property （T） is a coarse invariant, i.e., it depends only on the large-scale geometry of a metric space X. The authors also discuss how geometric property （T） interacts with amenability, property （T） for groups, and coarse geometric notions of a-T-menability. In particular, it is shown that property （T） for a residually finite group is characterised by geometric property （T） for its finite quotients.     

ON INTERSECTIONS OF INDEPENDENT NONDEGENERATE DIFFUSION PROCESSES

Let X(1)= {X(1)(s), s ∈ R+ } and X(2)= {X(2)(t), t ∈ R+ } be two independent nondegenerate diusion processes with values in Rd. The existence and fractal dimension of intersections of the sample paths of X(1)and X(2)are studied. More generally, let E1, E2 ■(0, ∞) and F  Rd be Borel sets. A necessary condition and a suffcient condition for P{X(1)(E1) ∩ X(2)(E2) ∩ F = φ} 0 are proved in terms of the Bessel-Riesz type capacity and Hausdor measure of E1 ×E2 ×F in the metric space(R+ ×R+ ×Rd, ρ), where ρ is an unsymmetric metric defined in R+ × R+ × Rd. Under reasonable conditions, results resembling those of Browian motion are obtained.