Entropy production in a cell and reversal of entropy flow as an anticancer therapy

The entropy production rate of cancer cells is always higher than healthy cells in the case where no external field is applied. Different entropy production between two kinds of cells determines the direction of entropy flow among cells. The entropy flow is the carrier of information flow. The entropy flow from cancerous cells to healthy cells takes along the harmful information of cancerous cells, propagating its toxic action to healthy tissues. We demonstrate that a low-frequency and lowintensity electromagnetic field or ultrasound irradiation may increase the entropy production rate of a cell in normal tissue than that in cancer and consequently reverse the direction of entropy current between two kinds of cells. The modification of the PH value of cells may also cause the reversal of the direction of entropy flow between healthy and cancerous cells. Therefore, the biological tissue under the irradiation of an electromagnetic field or ultrasound or under the appropriate change of cell acidity can avoid the propagation of harmful information from cancer cells. We suggest that this entropy mechanism possibly provides a basis for a novel approach to anticancer therapy.      

设备故障条件下流水线产能评估方法研究

为提升流水线产能评估的有效性, 采用基于设备运作的故障发生机制生成故障节点, 并按照可用度最大化原则确立预防性维护周期, 采用抽样仿真方法评估流水线系统的产能, 同时提出一种基于故障期望次数的近似方法以提升产能的评估效率. 仿真实验表明, 流水线产出率与系统配置密切相关, 设备数量越少, 缓存空间越大, 对应的产出率就越高, 但设备数量与缓存空间的边际影响逐渐下降; 而近似方法获得的产出率估值与仿真值之间的偏差可基本控制在5%以内, 评估准确性具有一定优势.     

大规模定制模式下基于三角直觉模糊信息的生产指派问题研究

针对大规模定制模式下生产指派面临的模糊不确定性等问题,探讨如何运用三角直觉模糊数构建生产指派模型进而确定最满意的生产指派方案。首先,运用三角直觉模糊数刻画、设计基于顾客个性化需求与企业产出的相对偏差、产品价格与交货期等影响因素的顾客满意度函数和企业利润函数。其次,建立了兼顾企业利润和顾客满意度的调和函数,据此构建了生产指派模型,并证明该模型有可行解和最优解,然后说明模型的求解方法。最后,通过具体实例说明生产指派模型的求解过程及其有效性、合理性。     

微波液相放电乙醇制氢发射光谱研究

氢能作为一种高热值、无污染的清洁能源日渐受到国内外专家学者的追捧。微波液相放电技术在醇类中制氢具有光明的研究前景,为氢能的研究开发开辟了一条新的途径。通过对乙醇制氢发射光谱分析,有利于分析微波液相放电醇类制氢机理的探讨,为进一步改进微波液相放电制氢技术奠定基础。本文采用2.45 GHz频率微波在液相醇类中放电实现了微波液相等离子体制氢,并借助发射光谱仪对微波液相放电乙醇制氢光谱特性进行了研究。研究结果显示：微波液相放电乙醇制氢过程中,能产生大量的H,O,OH,CH,C₂等活性粒子;乙醇放电光谱中OH自由基、H自由基和O自由基的光谱强度要远大于纯水中OH自由基、H自由基和O自由基的光谱强度;高能粒子打开水分子中的O—H键,脱氢制氢的过程较乙醇分子难度要大,因此在微波乙醇放电制氢过程中,氢气的来源主要是乙醇分子的脱氢重组,水分解产氢的贡献度较低;在外界压力与温度一定的条件下,OH,H,O自由基的发射光谱强度随着功率的增加显著增强,而CH和C₂活性粒子发射光谱强度则出现减弱趋势,这表明较大的微波功率不仅使产生的高能粒子的能量增加,同时高能粒子的密度也有所增加,导致较多的CH和C₂基团被充分碰撞打开。     

Entropy Production Rate Changes in Lysogeny/Lysis Switch Regulation of Bacteriophage Lambda

According to the chemical kinetic model of lysogeny/lysis switch in Escherichia coli (E. coli) infected by bacteriophage λ, the entropy production rates of steady states are calculated. The results show that the lysogenic state has lower entropy production rate than lytic state, which provides an explanation on why the lysogenic state of λ phage is so stable. We also notice that the entropy production rates of both lysogenic state and lytic state are lower than that of saddle-point and bifurcation state, which is consistent with the principle of minimum entropy production for living organism in nonequilibrium stationary state. Subsequently, the relations between CI and Cro degradation rates at two bifurcations and the changes of entropy production rate with CI and Cro degradation are deduced. The theory and method can be used to calculate entropy change in other molecular network.     

核壳结构镍的制备及催化性能

利用软化学方法制备出了聚苯乙烯(PS)/镍核壳结构和纳米镍催化剂, 并利用SEM和XRD对材料的形貌和结构进行了表征. 将上述催化剂应用于亚甲基蓝染料加氢反应, 一步实现染料褪色和硼氢化钠水解制氢. 研究表明, 核壳结构极大地提高了镍的催化能力. 在相同条件下, 核壳结构镍的加氢催化效率是纳米镍的1.42倍, 产氢效率是纳米镍的4.76倍, 这说明核壳结构在催化领域具有一定的优势.     

Photon production in relativistic heavy ion collisions with equilibrium and non-equilibrium QGP

We consider the production sources of prompt and thermal photons which include the contribution of gluons in relativistic heavy ion collisions. Considering in our calculation the shadowing and iso-spin effects of the nucleus we can properly estimate the prompt photon production. We develop a new thermal jet-photon conversion mechanism which plays a vital role in the low transverse momentum region. The effect of the non-equilibrium quark-gluon plasma enhances the contribution of thermal photons.     

W-State Generation and Manipulation for Ion-Trap-Based Quantum-Information Processing

We propose an ion-trap scheme for one-step generation of a special configuration of W-class state which has recently been shown to be better than canonical W states for several quantum-information processing tasks. We also present a method for one-step realization of a nontrivial collective operation which can transform a canonical W state into a fully separable state. Such a transformation plays a key role in recently proposed quantum protocols. The operation speed in our schemes increases with the number of qubits. This is contrary to usual entanglement generation and quantum manipulation schemes which take more and more time with the increase of the number of qubits.     

Polarization correlation in the two-photon decay of atomic hydrogen: nonlocality versus entanglement

From the work by Perrie et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 1790 (1985)], photon pairs from the 2s _1/2 → 1s _1/2 (two-photon) decay of atomic hydrogen are known to be quantum mechanically correlated. In these experiments, the polarization states of the photons emitted in back-to-back geometry were shown to violate the Bell inequality as a qualitative sign of nonlocality and entanglement. In the present contribution, we analyze how these nonlocal quantum correlations, as given by the violation of the Bell inequality, differ from the concurrence as a true entanglement measure. Results are shown for both quantifiers in dependence of the decay geometry and the initial polarization of the atoms for the 2s _1/2 → 1s _1/2 and 3d _5/2 → 1s _1/2 two-photon decay of atomic hydrogen. These results display the difference between nonlocality and entanglement and, hence, may stimulate further experiments on nonlocal quantum correlations in atomic systems.     

A classification of entanglement in three-qubit systems

We present a classification of three-qubit states based in their three-qubit and reduced two-qubit entanglements. For pure states these criteria can be easily implemented, and the different types can be related with sets of equivalence classes under local unitary operations. For mixed states characterization of full tripartite entanglement is not yet solved in general; some partial results will be presented here.