新型干涉高光谱成像系统的光束剪切特性分析

提出了一种基于新型双折射横向剪切分束器的高光谱成像方法,采用的横向剪切分束器主要由Wollaston棱镜和角锥反射体组成.在分析双折射分束器的偏光结构和分光机理的基础上,利用光线追迹方法分析了光束在Wollaston棱镜中的传播特性,通过计算光束在双折射分束器中的传播方向及出射位置,推导出调制光程差的理论表达公式.根据理论推导结果,分别仿真分析了系统在不同扫描模式下光程差与入射光视场角以及角锥顶点偏移量的调制关系.基于理论分析结果搭建了实验装置,对光程差分析结果进行验证,实验结果与理论分析结果匹配较好.所提方法可以提高剪切光束的平行性,保证干涉条纹的高调制度,降低了复原光谱准确度对光学装调精度和元件加工精度的依赖性,具有结构稳定、复杂度低的显著特点.     

一种改进的基于信息传播率的复杂网络影响力评估算法

评价网络中节点的信息传播影响力对于理解网络结构与网络功能具有重要意义.目前,许多基于最短路径的指标,如接近中心性、介数中心性以及半局部(SP)指标等相继用于评价节点传播影响力.最短路径表示节点间信息传播途径始终选择最优方式,然而实际上网络间的信息传播过程更类似于随机游走,信息的传播途径可以是节点间的任一可达路径,在集聚系数高的网络中,节点的局部高聚簇性有利于信息的有效扩散,若只考虑信息按最优传播方式即最短路径传播,则会低估节点信息传播的能力,从而降低节点影响力的排序精度.综合考虑节点与三步内邻居间的有效可达路径以及信息传播率,提出了一种SP指标的改进算法,即ASP算法.在多个经典的实际网络和人工网络上利用SIR模型对传播过程进行仿真,结果表明ASP指标与度指标、核数指标、接近中心性指标、介数中心性指标以及SP指标相比,可以更精确地对节点传播影响力进行排序.     

低雷诺数翼型蒙皮主动振动气动特性及流场结构数值研究

针对低雷诺数(Re)翼型气动性能差的特点,文章通过对翼型柔性蒙皮施加主动振动的方法,提高翼型低Re下的气动特性,改善其流场结构.采用带预处理技术的Roe方法求解非定常可压缩Navier-Stokes方程,对NACA4415翼型低Re流动展开数值模拟.通过时均化和非定常方法对比柔性蒙皮固定和振动两种状态下的升阻力气动特性和层流分离流动结构.初步研究工作表明在低Re下柔性蒙皮采用合适的振幅和频率,时均化升阻力特性显著提高,分离泡结构由后缘层流分离泡转变为近似的经典长层流分离泡,分离点后移,分离区缩小.在此基础上,文章更加细致研究了柔性蒙皮两种状态下单周期内的层流分离结构及壁面压力系数分布非定常特性和演化规律.蒙皮固定状态下分离区前部流场结构和压力分布基本保持稳定,表现为近似定常分离,仅在后缘位置出现类似于卡门涡街的非定常流动现象.柔性蒙皮振动时从分离点附近开始便产生分离涡,并不断向下游移动、脱落,表现为非定常分离并出现大范围的压力脉动.蒙皮振动使流体更加靠近壁面运动,大尺度的层流分离现象得到有效抑制.      

基于生活实践的工程流体力学启发性教学初探

工程流体力学教学中需要强调理论与实践的有机结合.本文提出基于生活实践案例以问题链形式进行启发性工程流体力学教学.以总流能量方程及水头损失计算教学为例,设计了"自来水水龙头堵住一部分出口后水流喷射的距离和流量如何变化"这一简单生活实践问题,将重要知识点贯穿其中.教学应用效果表明,启发性、开放性的生活实践问题,能够很好地引导学生综合运用理论知识,解决实际问题,同时能够培养学生的生活观察和独立思考能力.     

梯形薄壁堰流量规律数值模拟研究

旨在用数值模拟方法推求计算梯型薄壁堰堰流的简化公式。通过推求梯型薄壁堰堰流的基本理论公式,并求解气液两相流时均方程,辅以RNG k-ε湍流模型模拟了5种不同堰顶水头下梯形薄壁堰的过流能力。用SIMPLE算法对模拟体系中的压力与速度的耦合进行求解,同时用VOF法对自由水面的流动变化信息进行捕捉;进而通过最小二乘法的拟合得到模拟的流量值随堰顶水头变化的简化计算式,采用此公式计算了梯形薄壁堰在不同堰顶水头时的过流流量,与所推基本理论公式的计算值相比结果基本一致,可为实际工程中流量的控制和测量提供参考。     

多点云雾爆炸波相互作用的数值模拟

为研究多点云雾爆炸超压场的分布特性,利用LS-DYNA程序,对4个非圆柱体云雾的爆炸超压的相互作用过程进行了数值模拟,并与实验结果进行了对比。得到了中心区域冲击波相互作用演化过程与中心竖直方向0~20 m处的超压变化规律,以及0°、90°、135°和180°等4个方向的地面峰值超压随水平距离变化的规律。结果表明:中心区域地面依次出现3重冲击波;地面整体超压场强度向中心区域倾斜。在45°方向竖直截面上冲击波波系由入射波、反射波与马赫波构成。     

Searching for high-K isomers in the proton-rich A～80 mass region

Configuration-constrained potential-energy-surface calculations have been performed to investigate the K isomerism in the proton-rich A～ 80 mass region. An abundance of high-K states are predicted. These high-K states arise from two and four-quasi-particle excitations, with K~π= 8~+ and K~π= 16~+, respectively. Their excitation energies are comparatively low, making them good candidates for long-lived isomers. Since most nuclei under study are prolate spheroids in their ground states, the oblate shapes of the predicted high-K states may indicate a combination of K isomerism and shape isomerism.     

Synthesis of tunable 3D ZnO architectures assemblied with nanoplates

A simple hydrothermal method has been used to synthesize 3D ZnO architectures without any surfactants. The assemblies were composed of thin nanoplates with the thickness of about 35nm. X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and photoluminescence (PL) characterized the structure, morphology and optical property of products. The thickness of plates and assembly pattern can be controlled by adjusting the experimental parameters. Furthermore, these ZnO nanoplate assemblies exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methylene blue (MB). (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Synthesis,characterization and growing mechanism of monodisperse Fe3O4 microspheres

Monodisperse Fe₃O₄ microspheres assembled by a number of nanosize tetrahedron subunits have been selectively synthesized through the hydrothermal process. The synthesized Fe₃O₄ microspheres have good dispersibility. The subunits made up of microspheres were uniform in size and like-tetrahedron in shape. The average diameter of each Fe₃O₄ microsphere is about 50–55 μm. The length of each edge of tetrahedron is about 100 nm. A series of experiments had been carried out to investigate the effect of reductant, precipitator and reaction time on the formation of Fe₃O₄ microsphere and tetrahedron subunits. The results show that ascorbic acid as reductant and urea as precipitator supplied a relatively steady environment during the synthesis process and led to the formations of Fe₃O₄ tetrahedron subunit and monodisperse Fe₃O₄ microspheres. As the reaction time increased from 3 to 24 h, the Fe₃O₄ microspheres tended towards dispersion and becoming large in size from 10–20 to 50–55 μm, and the subunits formed Fe₃O₄ microspheres that varied from spheroid to tetrahedron and from a small nanoparticle (20–30 nm) to a large one (90–110 nm). A reasonable explanation for the formations of the Fe₃O₄ microsphere and the tetrahedron subunit was proposed through Ostwald ripening and the attachment growth mechanism, respectively.