Uniaxial extension of linear flexible-chain polymers in an extremely broad range of stresses and strain rates

Summary This work summarizes the basic patterns of strainstrength behaviour of linear flexible-chain polymers at uniaxial extension. The boundaries of transition of non-cross-linked polymers under isothermal conditions from the fluid to the high-elastic and leathery states when an axial load is applied are defined. A relationship is established between the parameters of longitudinal and low-amplitude strains. A study is made into the effect of molecular parameters and liquid media on the deformation and rupture of non-cross-linked linear polymers.With 12 figures     

a/W值对结构钢的δ_i值和J_i值的影响

用三点弯曲试件对a/W值不同的常用结构钢在开裂时的裂纹张开位移(COD)δ_i和J积分值J_i进行了试验研究。试验结果表明,a/W值减小,则材料的δ_i值和J_i值增大。当a/W=0.1时·其占δ_i值与J_i值为a/W=0.5时的二倍。试验结果得到了有限元计算结果的证实。利用引伸计和硅橡胶对不同a/W值时的转动因子r_p值进行了试验研究,试验结果表明,r_p值随a/W值的减小而减小,当a/W=0.5时,r_p=0.45;而当a/W=0.1时,r_p=0.16。     

Fracture in sintered Sm−Co permanent magnetic materials

The bending strength and fracture toughness of sintered Sm-Co permanent magnetic materials are measured. A scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analysis system is employed to investigate the bending fractography. The fracture behavior and micromechanism are discussed. The fracture behavior of sintered Sm-Co permanent magnetic materials exhibits cleavage fracture. Some Sm-rich impurities are found in fracture plane, suggesting that the Sm-rich impurities help reduce the cleavage brittleness of sintered Sm-Co permanent magnetic materials. The possible methods for improving the strength and toughness are also proposed.     

纳米陶瓷粉末在爆炸压实过程中的破碎行为研究

 在爆炸压实过程中，纳米颗粒所受冲击载荷发生显著变化的时间远远大于应力波传过颗粒特征长度所用时间；同时，陶瓷颗粒在爆炸冲击过程中主要表现为脆性。基于以上两个事实提出了弹性假设，推导了颗粒在压实过程中的受力状态。回顾了判断脆性材料破坏的三个准则，即Hugonoit弹性极限、动态屈服强度和理论剪切强度，并从这三种判据的交集值出发来判断爆炸压实过程中陶瓷颗粒是否有发生破碎的可能。通过具体计算得出颗粒内存在两个最大剪应力的位置：一个位置发生在距颗粒接触面0.5 nm范围以内，此处剪应力最大；另一个位置发生在距接触面较远处。这一结果为解释陶瓷粉末颗粒在爆炸压实过程中存在塑性行为和破碎行为提供了理论依据。     

Percolation thresholds of a group of anisotropic three-dimensional fracture networks

Percolation thresholds (average number of connections per object) of two models of anisotropic three-dimensional (3D) fracture networks made of mono-disperse hexagons have been calculated numerically. The first model is when the fracture networks are comprised of two groups of fractures that are distributed in an anisotropic manner about two orthogonal mean directions, i.e., Z- and X-directions. We call this model bipolar anisotropic fracture network (BFN). The second model is when three groups of fractures are distributed about three orthogonal mean directions, that is Z-, X-, and Y-directions. In this model three families of fractures about three orthogonal mean directions are oriented in 3D space. We call this model tripolar anisotropic fracture network (TFN). The finite-size scaling method is used to predict the infinite percolation thresholds. The effect of anisotropicity on percolation thresholds in X-, Y-, and Z-directions is investigated. We have revealed that as the anisotropicity of networks increases, the percolation thresholds in X-, Y-, and Z-directions span the range of 2.3 to 2.0, where 2.3 and 2.0 are extremums of percolation thresholds for isotropic and non-isotropic orthogonal fracture networks, respectively.     

沿〈111〉晶向冲击加载下铜中纳米孔洞增长的塑性机制研究

 用分子动力学方法计算模拟了沿〈111〉晶向冲击加载过程中，单晶铜中纳米孔洞（直径约1.3 nm）的演化及其周围区域发生塑性变形的过程。模拟结果表明，在沿〈111〉晶向冲击加载后，在面心立方（fcc）结构中的4族{111}晶面中有3族发生了滑移。伴随孔洞的增长，在所激活的3族{111}晶面上，观察到位错在孔洞表面附近区域成核，然后向外滑移，其中在剪切应力最大的〈112〉方向上，其位错速度超过横波声速，其它〈112〉方向的位错速度低于横波声速。模拟得到的位错阻尼系数范围与实验值基本符合。由于孔洞周围产生的滑移在空间比较对称，孔洞增长形貌接近球形。在恒定的冲击强度下，孔洞半径增长速率近似保持恒定，其速率随着冲击强度的增加而增大。     

渗碳层断裂韧性评定新方法

本文依据裂纹沿渗碳层扩张时所特有的ＰＯＰ－ｉｎ现象提出了一种评定渗碳层断裂韧性的新方法。研究表明：ＰＯＰ－ｉｎ现象是渗碳层断裂韧性正梯度分布造成的；根据ＰＯＰ－ｉｎ点处的载荷及相应的裂纹长度计算出的渗碳层ＫＩＣ－ｘ分布曲线是评定其断裂韧性的基础，而对渗碳层断裂韧性的客观评定需综合考虑断裂韧性沿渗层的分布及梯度分布     

间接骨折的应变片测量

本文设计的实验把离体猪股骨埋入明胶中,实现了更近实际的创伤模拟和实施了应变片测量技术在生物组织上的直接应用。证实了间接骨折是由应力波造成,而不是由空腔效应引起的。观察到骨的断裂表现出极强的脆性性质。     

Variational formula for a body with a crack and its applications (review)

A review is made of studies on the variational formula for a body with a crack, asymptotic expansions, weight functions, and displacements of crack faces __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 43, No. 8, pp. 30–46, August 2007.     

A crack on the grain boundary — An analysis based on crystal plasticity theory

The influence of the mismatch of the lattice orientation on the deformation and stress fields of a crack located on the grain boundary is studied by means of the finite-element analysis taking account of finite deformatio and finite lattice rotation. The plane strain calculations for an fcc crystal subjected to mode I loading are performed on the basis of the crystalline plasticity described by a planar three-slip model. For the crack-tip shapes and the dominant deformation modes on slip systems, results of all the cases analysed here are in qualitative agreement with the earlier analytical and numerical solutions. Our results indicate that the lattice orientation difference may greatly influence the shear stress along the grain boundary which is related to grain-boundary sliding, while the normal stress along the grain boundary, which may induce cleavage fracture, is virtually insensitive to it. The influence of the lattice orientations on the crack-tip fields is also investigated under small-scale-yielding conditions and the comparison with the results of finite deformation is made.