长光纤中拉曼光子时间模式的影响因素研究

在有损耗、色散和自相位调制的影响下,通过分段分析法计算了自发拉曼散射光子的二阶相关函数,研究了长光纤中脉冲光泵浦下自发拉曼散射的时间模式特性。研究结果表明：在无色散和自相位调制的情况下,自发拉曼散射光子的二阶相关函数不受泵浦光损耗的影响,仅由泵浦光脉宽和拉曼光子相干时间之间的比值决定,与自发参量下转换光子的二阶相关函数具有相同的表达式;在有色散和自相位调制的情况下,由色散和自相位调制共同引起的泵浦光脉宽变化,以及泵浦光和拉曼光子间色散致走离,使拉曼光子的时间模式发生改变。自发拉曼散射光子的二阶相关函数取决于光纤损耗系数、色散参数和初始泵浦光脉宽等因素,不再与自发参量下的转换光子相同。     

基于MAX-DOAS测定大气紫外波段水汽的吸收及其对DOAS反演影响的评估

大气水汽的吸收强度从微波区域到可见蓝光区域逐渐降低,然而在紫外波段的吸收却经常被人忽略。多轴差分吸收光谱（MAX-DOAS）技术是一种被动光学遥感技术,可以同时反演气溶胶、多种痕量气体（如NO₂,SO₂,HCHO,HONO等）以及水汽,常用于区域大气立体分布及输送监测,具有成本低、时间分辨率高、稳定、可实时监测等特点。水汽是一种重要的温室气体,在紫外波段反演一些痕量气体时水汽的吸收经常不被考虑,可能对紫外波段痕量气体的反演造成影响,从而产生系统误差。介绍了基于MAX-DOAS对紫外波段大气水汽的反演,于2020年6月1日—9月24日在西安乾县进行观测,通过选取最优反演波段,并将反演结果与可见蓝光波段的水汽进行对比,证实了紫外波段存在水汽吸收,评估了紫外水汽的吸收对同波段痕量气体反演的影响。首先,根据不同拟合波段反演的水汽均方根误差（RMS）以及水汽和O₄的吸收截面情况,选取紫外和可见蓝光波段水汽的最优反演波段分别为351～370和434～455 nm。其次,通过DOAS拟合得到紫外和可见蓝光波段O₄和H₂O的对流层差分斜柱浓度（DSCD）, 分别将紫外和可见波段的O₄ DSCD和H₂O DSCD做相关性分析,两个波段O₄ DSCD的相关系数r=0.85,H₂O DSCD的相关系数r=0.80。为消除不同波段的辐射传输差异,将同波段的H₂O DSCD和O₄DSCD作比值,两个波段H₂O DSCD/O₄DSCD的相关系数r=0.89。紫外和可见蓝光波段H₂O DSCD/O₄DSCD的高相关系数表明,即使在相对沿海城市水汽浓度较低的西安市,在363 nm附近的紫外波段同样存在水汽吸收,这将会对采用DOAS技术在紫外波段反演其他痕量气体造成影响。最后,分别对可能受紫外波段水汽吸收影响的气体（O₄,HONO和HCHO）进行DOAS反演误差评估,紫外波段水汽的吸收将使O₄ DSCD,HONO DSCD以及HCHO DSCD在DOAS拟合过程中增加,分别对应于+1.16％,+8.55％和+9.04％的变化。     

Synchronization in multilayer networks through different coupling mechanisms

In recent years, most studies of complex networks have focused on a single network and ignored the interaction of multiple networks, much less the coupling mechanisms between multiplex networks. In this paper we investigate synchronization phenomena in multilayer networks with nonidentical topological structures based on three specific coupling mechanisms:assortative, disassortative, and anti-assortative couplings. We find rich and complex synchronous dynamic phenomena in coupled networks. We also study the behavior of effective frequencies for layers I and II to understand the underlying microscopic dynamics occurring under the three different coupling mechanisms. In particular, the coupling mechanisms proposed here have strong robustness and effectiveness and can produce abundant synchronization phenomena in coupled networks.     

Tunable multi-wavelength microwave photonic filter based on the superposition of transfer functions

A microwave photonic filter （MPF） with reconfigurability and tunability resulting from the superposition of the transfer functions is proposed. Based on the Vernier effect between the optical frequency combs and the periodic optical filters, each comb line can be mapped into a sub-filter in the electronic field. The sub-filters are superposed to obtain the total transfer function of the MPF. By manipulating a few comb lines, we can reconfigure the passband shape, tune the bandwidth, and adjust the center frequency independently. Experiments verify that the bandwidth can be tuned from 224.8 to 674.3 MHz, and that the center frequency ranges from 1 to 4 CHz.     

Design and performance study of the LEPD silicon tracker onboard the CSES satellite

The low energy particle detector (LEPD) is one of the main payloads onboard the China seismic electromagnetic satellite (CSES). The detector is designed to ascertain space electrons (0.1-10 MeV) and protons (2-50 MeV). It has the capability of identifying the electrons and protons, to measure the energy spectrum and the incident angle of the particles. The LEPD is made up of a silicon tracker system, a CsI (Tl) mini-calorimeter, an anti-coincidence system made by plastic scintillator, as well as electronics and a data acquisition system (DAQ). The tracker is also a kind of E-E telescope; it consists of two layers of double-sided silicon strip detectors (DSSD). The signals emerging from the silicon tracker can be read out by two pieces of application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), which also can generate an event trigger for the LEPD. The functions of the DSSD system in the LEPD for charged particles were tested by 241Am @5.486 MeV α particles. The results show that the DSSD system works well, and has high performance to detect charged particles and measure the position of incident particles.     

A geometric factor calculation method based on the isotropic flux assumption

One of the instruments onboard the China Seismic Electromagnetic Satellite （CSES） is the Low Energy Particle Detector （LEPD）. The primary objective of LEPD is to provide measurements of the fluxes, energy spectra and pitch angles of 100 keV to 10 MeV electrons and protons from 2 to 50 MeV in the Earth＇s magnetosphere. The geometric factor is one of the principle parameters of a detector, which converts the physical quantity-count rate to the particle quantity-flux. In this paper, we calculated the geometric factor of LEPD via computer modeling of an isotropic radiation environment. It was first demonstrated that the radiation intensity related should obey a cosine-law, then a general sampling method of generating this distribution via GPS of GEANT4 was explained. Furthermore, combined with flux normalization, a comparison of the geometric factor calculation of a set of 2-layer detectors with different shapes （cylinder, truncated cone and rectangle） was performed. Results show a generally good agreement between simulation and analytical calculations for the cylinder and truncated cone detectors, and the result of the rectangular one, for which there is no accurate analytical formula, is consistent with the previous simulated results by others. As a practical instance of the 2-layer rectangle detector, the geometric factor of LEPD is 10.336±0.036 m cm2·sr for 10 MeV proton and 8.211±0.032 m cm2·sr for 8 MeV electron.     

瞬发中子密度衰减法计算中子代时间

采用蒙特卡罗程序MCNP计算了西安脉冲堆中子代时间。使用MCNP程序模拟了反应堆瞬发中子通量密度衰减,基于忽略缓发中子项的点堆动力学方程计算出中子代时间。在微次临界下,研究了次临界度、源的分布、计数区域等对西安脉冲堆中子代时间计算结果的影响。计算分析表明:采用瞬发中子密度衰减法计算中子代时间时,微次临界度、源分布、计数区域等对计算结果影响都很小;误差产生的主要原因是忽略缓发中子项的点堆动力学方程并不能较好地反应瞬发中子通量密度的衰减规律。     

等截面引射器启动性能数值研究

采用雷诺平均方程和SST k-ω湍流模型,空间离散采用二阶精度的Roe FDS方法,限制器采用Min-Mod方法,时间迭代采用隐式方法,研究了等截面引射器长度、引射器与喷管的间隙对其启动性能的影响。结果表明:等截面引射器存在启动、临界、不启动三种状态;在引射器长度一定的情况下,引射器与喷管之间的间隙越小,引射器的启动压比越小;在引射器与喷管之间间隙一定的情况下,对于本文所计算的工况,当引射器长度小于3m时,引射器所需的启动压比会很大,当引射器长度小于2m,则引射器很难启动;当引射器长度超过7m时,会对引射器的加工、安装、冷却带来诸多不利影响。     

Depolarization and Electrical Response of Porous PZT 95/5 Ferroelectric Ceramics under Shock Wave Compression

The release of bound charges by shock wave loading of poled lead zirconate titanate （PZT 95/5） ferroelectric ceramics can result in a high-power electrical energy output. In this study, a theoretical formulation describing the depolarization and electrical response of porous PZT 95/5 ceramics in the normal mode to shock wave compression loading perpendicular to the polarization direction is developed. The depoling process in porous poled PZT 95/5 ceramics is analyzed by using a parallel circuit consisting of a current source, capacitance, conductance and a circuit load. This modeling takes the effects of porosity on wave velocity and remanent polarization and dielectric constant into account, and the effects of variations in dielectric constant and conductivity in the shocked region are assessed. The output current characteristics of porous PZT 95/5 ceramics under short-circuit and resistive load conditions are analyzed and compared with the experiment, with the results showing that theoretical predictions taking into consideration the porosity of ferroelectric ceramics are in close agreement with the experimentally measured electrical response of porous PZT 95/5 under shock wave compression loading.