电化学合成系列锡配合物及纳米SnO2的制备

采用锡金属为"牺牲"阳极,首次在无隔膜电解槽中,电化学一步法制备了纳米SnO₂前驱体锡配合物Sn(OEt)₄, Sn(OBu)₄, Sn(OCH₂CH₂OCH₃)₄, Sn(OEt)₂(acac)₂, Sn(OBu)₂(acac)₂, Sn(OCH₂CH₂OCH₃)₂(acac)₂[acac为乙酰丙酮基],产物通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、拉曼光谱和核磁共振进行表征.同时采用含Sn(OR)₂(acac)₂>的电解液直接水解制备纳米SnO₂粉体,纳米SnO₂通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)进行表征.实验表明,电解时防止阳极钝化,控制温度在40～60℃之间,采用有机胺溴化物为导电盐,可以提高电合成效率;电解合成Sn(OCH2CH₂OCH₃)₄, Sn(OEt)₂(acac)₂, Sn(OBu)₂(acac)₂, Sn(OCH₂CH₂OCH₃)₂(acac)₂的电流效率比Sn(OEt)₄, Sn(OBu)₄高,适宜作为溶胶-凝胶(Sol-gel)法制备纳米SnO₂的原料,制备得到的纳米SnO₂经600℃煅烧后呈球形单分散结构,晶型为四方锡石型,平均粒径在(10±0.4) nm左右.     

Lu_3Al_5O_(12):Ce~(3+)纳米粉体的超声喷雾共沉淀法制备及发光特性

采用新型的超声喷雾共沉淀法(UACM)技术,以Lu2O3、Ce(NO3)3、Al(NO3)3·9H2O为原料,制备了不同浓度Ce3+离子掺杂的Lu3Al5O12(LuAG)纳米粉体,并研究了粉体在不同温度下的烧结性能,对所获得的纳米粉体进行了X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和发射光谱等测试与分析.结果显示:应用UACM法制备的LuAG:Ce粉体颗粒具有分散性好、颗粒度均匀,粒径分布范围窄(20~40nm).在氮气氛下,经1200℃处理后,LuAG:Ce具有最强的508nm荧光发射带,Ce3+离子在粉体内的最佳掺杂摩尔分数为0.7.     

“Synthetic Metals”: A Novel Role for Organic Polymers (Nobel Lecture)

Since the initial discovery in 1977, that polyacetylene (CH)_x, now commonly known as the prototype conducting polymer, could be p‐ or n‐doped either chemically or electrochemically to the metallic state, the development of the field of conducting polymers has continued to accelerate at an unexpectedly rapid rate and a variety of other conducting polymers and their derivatives have been discovered. Other types of doping are also possible, such as “photo‐doping” and “charge‐injection doping” in which no counter dopant ion is involved. One exciting challenge is the development of low‐cost disposable plastic/paper electronic devices. Conventional inorganic conductors, such as metals, and semiconductors, such as silicon, commonly require multiple etching and lithographic steps in fabricating them for use in electronic devices. The number of processing and etching steps involved limits the minimum price. On the other hand, conducting polymers combine many advantages of plastics, for example, flexibility and processing from solution, with the additional advantage of conductivity in the metallic or semiconducting regimes; however, the lack of simple methods to obtain inexpensive conductive polymer shapes/patterns limit many applications. Herein is described a novel, simple, and cheap method to prepare patterns of conducting polymers by a process which we term, “Line Patterning”.     

碳纳米管改性聚四氟乙烯复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

评价了用不同含量碳纳米管(CNTs)改性聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料的力学性能,利用MM-200型摩擦磨损试验机研究了CNTs含量对PTFE复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,借助于扫描电子显微镜观察分析了试样磨损表面及磨屑形貌,并探讨其磨损机理.结果表明:CNTs能够提高PTFE复合材料的硬度和冲击强度,在本文研究范围内,当CNTs的质量分数为7%时,PTFE复合材料的力学性能最佳;CNTs能够增加PTFE复合材料的摩擦系数、降低其磨损量,当其质量分数为10%时,PTFE复合材料的耐磨损性能最佳.纤维状碳纳米管可以阻止PTFE带状结构的大面积破坏,以及在摩擦过程中于偶件表面能够形成转移膜并隔离复合材料与偶件的直接接触是其减摩耐磨作用的主要原因.     

铬在纳米晶氧化铁中的掺杂研究

Fe^3^+(Cr^3^+)/Fe^2^+混合离子(M^3^+/M^2^+原子比为2:1)共沉淀法制备的Cr~2O~3掺杂量O～14%(质量分数)系列纳米氧化铁,XRDRietveld分析表明全是晶态γ-Fe~2O~3和非晶Fe~2O~3的混合物。非晶丰度范围为21.72%～48.6%。Mossbauer谱分析发现,掺杂量少于2%(质量分数)的氧化铁,晶态和非晶态均是磁性六线谱,大于2%(质量分数)后,另出现强度随掺杂量增加线性递增的超顺磁二线谱。共沉淀过程中,Fe^3^+为主夹杂定量Cr^3^+的Fe^3^+水合配合物网络与Cr^3^+为主夹杂定量Fe^3^+的Cr^3^+水合配合物网络,是形成磁性氧化铁和非晶非磁氧化铁的基础,后者镶嵌在前者中间,阻碍其晶化和晶粒长大,自身形成非晶非磁含铬氧化铁。     

Studies on molecular composite. III. Nano composites consisting of poly(p‐phenylene benzobisthiazole) and thermoplastic polyamide

A bulk sample of a nano composite consisting of poly(p‐phenylene benzobisthiazole) (PBZT) and a thermoplastic matrix polymer was obtained by polymer blending of a matrix polymer of thermoplastic aromatic polyamide and a reinforcing polymer of a copolymer consisting of a precursor of PBZT and a fragment in common with the matrix polymer, using organic solvent, followed by molding. The phase structure of obtained specimens was varied by controlling the molding process conditions. In particular, the mechanical properties, heat resistance, and chemical resistance of the matrix polymer of a bulk specimen which has a three‐dimensional network structure of PBZT were improved drastically, even when only a small amount of the reinforcing material was added. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 209–218, 1999     

CuFe2O4 nanomaterials: Current discoveries in synthesis,catalytic efficiency in coupling reactions,and their environmental applications

In the last few decades, there has been enormous growth in ferrite nanoparticles. Magnetic, optical, and electrical properties of ferrites gain consideration due to their use in various applications such as rechargeable lithium batteries, medical diagnostics, solar energy devices, and so forth. A vast increase in interest in ferrite nanoparticles has led them to be used as catalysts in various applications as they possess a large surface area-to-volume ratio. Furthermore, iron-based magnetic characteristics make it simple to retrieve catalysts by using an external magnet. Iron's catalytic potential, however, is far less than copper's. Therefore, the catalytic scope is substantially increased by substituting copper within the crystal lattice. Recently copper ferrite nanoparticles have caught the interest of numerous researchers due to low-cost magnetic material, stability under diverse conditions, and ease at which catalyst can be retrieved using an external magnetic field and utilized repeatedly. This review of data from year 2010 through 2022 emphasizes the synthesis method, structure, application in dyes degradation, catalytic potential in the number of coupling reactions, recyclability, and reusability of the magnetic catalyst.     

Near‐IR surface‐enhanced Raman spectrum of lignin

Compacted powders of commercially available nano‐ and microparticles of silver were used to successfully induce the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect in spruce milled‐wood lignin (MWL). For the two silver particle sizes used in this investigation, the spectra were mostly similar. Some general characteristics of the lignin SERS spectrum are described. The SERS technique was found to be sensitive for detecting lignin. Significant spectral changes were present between the SERS and normal Raman spectra of MWL. The SERS spectrum was assigned on the basis of literature‐reported vibrational assignments of lignin and its models. Based on significant changes in Raman features, we propose that the lignin is strongly adsorbed on silver. To determine whether SERS of lignin can be obtained directly from wood without its isolation, Wiley‐milled spruce wood (WMW) adsorbed on silver was studied. The results indicated that not only the surface‐enhancement effect was successfully induced in the WMW, but that its spectrum was similar to MWL SERS. Moreover, for WMW, no signals from the carbohydrate components were observed, and therefore, lignin was detected selectively. This nano‐ and microparticle‐based molecularly specific method is expected to make a significant contribution in identifying and investigating lignin in various lignin‐containing materials. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

H 离子辐照对 NbN 薄膜的微观结构和超导性能影响

氮化铌(NbN) 低温超导薄膜是用于制作超导器件的典型材料. 基于 NbN 超导薄膜的超导纳米线单光子探测器(SNSPD) 在量子通信、 暗物质探测、 激光测距等领域都有着广泛应用. 本工作借助中国科学院兰州近代物理所320 kV 低能重离子综合研究平台采用300-keV H1 + 离子对7 nm 厚度的低温超导材料 NbN 超薄膜进行了离子辐照, 得到了辐照前后超导转变温度Tc 及超导能隙 Δ(0) 、 费米面附近电子态密度 N0 等其他材料参数的变化, 为借助离子辐照手段改善 NbN SNSPD 性能提供了实验参考.