RESEARCH ON METHOD TO CALCULATE VELOCITIES OF SOLID PHASE AND LIQUID PHASE IN DEBRIS FLOW

Velocities of solid phase and liquid phase in debris flow are one key problem to research on impact and abrasion mechanism of banks and control structures under action of debris flow. Debris flow was simplified as two-phase liquid composed of solid phase with the same diameter particles and liquid phase with the same mechanical features. Assume debris flow was one-dimension two-phase liquid moving to one direction, then general equations of velocities of solid phase and liquid phase were founded in two-phase theory. Methods to calculate average pressures, volume forces and surface forces of debris flow control volume were established. Specially, surface forces were ascertained using Bingham's rheology equation of liquid phase and Bagnold's testing results about interaction between particles of solid phase. Proportional coefficient of velocities between liquid phase and solid phase was put forward, meanwhile, divergent coefficient between theoretical velocity and real velocity of solid phase was provided too. To state succinctly before, method to calculate velocities of solid phase and liquid phase was obtained through solution to general equations. The method is suitable for both viscous debris flow and thin debris flow. Additionally, velocities every phase can be identified through analyzing deposits in-situ after occurring of debris flow. It is obvious from engineering case the result in the method is consistent to that in real-time field observation.     

狭窄流道中Fahraeus效应研究进展

本文详细论述了毛细管和二维狭缝中流过血液时的Fahraeus效应研究历史及现状,给出了迄今为止得到的全部结论,并报道了笔者对狭缝缝隙中Fahraeus效应研究的最新进展。本文所涉及的内容对于微循环的理论与应用以至有关流变学仪器的设计优化都有重要意义。     

大雷诺数线性剪切流绕圆柱的分离流动

本文采用离散涡方法计算了大雷诺数下线性剪切流绕圆柱的分离流动,计算结果给出阻力系数、横向力系数、边界层分离点、斯特罗哈数及尾流中旋涡的分布图案,计算数据与已有的实验数据相吻合。     

稀薄流到连续流的气体运动论模型方程算法研究

通过引入碰撞松弛参数和当地平衡态分布函数对BGK模型方程进行修正，确定含流态控制参数可描述不同流域气体流动特性的气体分子速度分布函数的简化控制方程。发展和应用离散速度坐标法于气体分子速度空间，利用一套在物理空间和时间上连续而速度空间离散的分布函数来代替原分布函数对速度空间的连续依赖性。基于非定常时间分裂数值计算方法和无波动、无自由参数的NND耗散差分格式，建立直接求解气体分子速度分布函数的气体运动论有限差分数值方法。推广应用改进的Gauss-Hermite无穷积分法和华罗庚－王元提出的以单和逼近重积分的黄金分割数论积分方法等，对离散速度空间进行宏观取矩获取物理空间各点的气体流动参数，由此发展一套从稀薄流到连续流各流域统一的气体运动论数值算法。通过对不同Knudsen数下一维激波管问题、二维圆柱绕流和三维球体绕流的初步数值实验表明文中发展的数值算法是可行的。     

冲蚀与气蚀复合磨损试验研究

通过改造MCF-30型冲蚀腐蚀试验机,建立了水、沙、气三相流冲蚀磨损试验装置;试验研究了水、沙混合流场中试样的磨损特征,通过扫描电子显微镜观测了三相流冲蚀磨损表面,并借助计算机模拟分析水、沙混合条件下产生气蚀破坏的条件.结果表明:合理的设计可以实现冲蚀与气蚀的复合磨损模拟试验;形成三相流共同作用下的冲蚀与气蚀复合磨损重要条件为介质中含有较多气体,并且在试样中有气泡溃灭.三相流磨损模拟试验与仿真为进一步开展三相流气蚀与冲蚀磨损研究奠定了基础.     

颗粒在大涡结构中的弥散

气相采用大涡模拟方法,颗粒相采用轨道模型研究了三维后台阶气粒两相湍流流动的大尺度涡结构的瞬时演变过程以及颗粒的瞬时弥散规律.比较了不同入流速度的颗粒在大涡结构中的瞬时弥散特性,尤其研究了高速释放大颗粒的弥散特性.三维流动中大尺度涡结构具有明显的脱离、发展、合并和破碎过程.小颗粒的分布受大涡结构的控制,其空间的弥散过程与流体 大涡结构的空间发展相一致,但是由于三维流动中大涡边缘和中心区的压力差,颗粒在大尺度 涡的边缘出现密集.而大颗粒在流场中的分布受其惯性控制,对气相的涡结构不敏感.高速释放到流场中的大颗粒受惯性影响最大,保持在其原有动量方向上运动.     

DENSITY FUNCTIONAL FOR STRUCTURES OF COLLOIDS CONFINED IN A SLIT-LIKE PORE

A density functional theory is applied to calculating the local density profiles of colloids confined in a slit-like pore as well as the radial distribution functions of bulk colloids. The interaction between the colloidal particles is described using a hard-core Yukawa model. The excess Helmholtz energy functional is a combination of the modified fundamental measure theory of Yu and Wu （2002） for the hard-core contribution and a corrected mean-field theory for the attractive contribution. Comparison with the results from the Monte Carlo simulations shows that the corrected theory improves the density profiles of colloids in the vicinity of contact over the original mean-field theory. Both the present corrected theory and simulations suggest that there are depletion and desorption for the colloid with strong attraction between particles at low temperature.     

大型渡槽动力设计方法研究

根据大型渡槽结构的特点,在缺乏适用的抗震分析模型前提下,提出支撑-渡槽-水伪三维流固耦合动力分析方法。模型基于结构动力分析理论和流固耦合分析理论,整体结构分析采用Newmark方法进行动力时程分析,分析中考虑渡槽结构整体受力性能,包括下部支撑结构、地基等多种因素的影响作用;渡槽-水耦合体子结构分析采用任意拉格朗日-欧拉(Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian,ALE)有限元方法进行动力分析,考虑渡槽-水的耦合相互作用,模拟渡槽中水体的大幅晃动作用,相应得出渡槽中动力压力值及其分布。以某排架支撑矩形渡槽为例,采用本文提出的伪三维模型进行地震时程分析,计算结果与三维模型计算结果吻合良好。本文提出的伪三维动力分析方法计算效率高,满足渡槽结构抗震设计要求,便于工程应用,是大型渡槽结构动力分析研究和抗震设计的实用静、动力分析方法。     

二阶矩两相湍流模型中的改进算法

建立了融合SIMPLEC算法在内的考虑了浓度修正影响的颗粒压力修正方程。提出了二阶矩湍流模型下考虑浓度修正值影响的两相湍流流动的算法,并将它和没有考虑浓度修正值影响的二阶矩湍流模型进行了对照。结果表明在二阶矩模型中是否考虑浓度修正影响会不同程度地影响流场的速度以及浓度等参数分布,考虑浓度修正影响的二阶矩湍流模型更能有效地预测稠密两相湍流流动。     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF PARTICLE DISTRIBUTION IN WAKE OF LIQUID-PARTICLE FLOWS PAST A CIRCULAR CYLINDER USING DISCRETE VORTEX METHOD

Particle-laden water flows past a circular cylinder were numerically investigated. The discrete vortex method (DVM) was employed to evaluate the unsteady water flow fields and a Lagrangian approach was applied for tracking individual solid particles. A dispersion function was defined to represent the dispersion scale of the particle. The wake vortex patterns, the distributions and the time series of dispersion functions of particles with different Stokes numbers were obtained. Numerical results show that the particle distribution in the wake of the circular cylinder is closely related to the particle's Stokes number and the structure of wake vortices: (1) the intermediate sized particles with Stokes numbers, St, of 0.25, 1.0 and 4.0 can not enter the vortex cores and concentrate near the peripheries of the vortex structures, (2) in the circular cylinder wake, the dispersion intensity of particles decreases as St is increased from 0.25 to 4.0.