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1.
基于Boltzmann模型方程的气体运动论统一算法研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
李志辉  张涵信 《力学进展》2005,35(4):559-576
模型方程出发,研究确立含流态控制参数可描述不同流 域气体流动特征的气体分子速度分布函数方程; 研究发展 气体运动论离散速度坐标法, 借助非定常时间分裂数值计算方法和NND差分格式, 结 合DSMC方法关于分子运动与碰撞去耦技术, 发展直接求解速度分布函数的气体运动论耦合 迭代数值格式; 研制可用于物理空间各点宏观流动取矩的离散速度数值积分方法, 由此提出 一套能有效模拟稀薄流到连续流不同流域气体流动问题统一算法. 通过对不同Knudsen数下 一维激波内流动、二维圆柱、三维球体绕流数值计算表明, 计算结果与有关实验数据及其它 途径研究结果(如DSMC模拟值、N-S数值解)吻合较好, 证实气体运动论统一算法求解各 流域气体流动问题的可行性. 尝试将统一算法进行HPF并行化程序设计, 基于对球体绕流及类 ``神舟'返回舱外形绕流问题进行HPF初步并行试算, 显示出统一算法具有很好的并 行可扩展 性, 可望建立起新型的能有效模拟各流域飞行器绕流HPF并行算法研究方向. 通过将气体运 动论统一算法推广应用于微槽道流动计算研究, 已初步发展起可靠模拟二维短微槽道流动数 值算法; 通过对Couette流、Poiseuille流、压力驱动的二维短槽道流数值模拟, 证实该 算法对微槽道气体流动问题具有较强的模拟能力, 可望发展起基于Boltzmann模型方程能可 靠模拟MEMS微流动问题气体运动论数值计算方法研究途径.  相似文献   

2.
基于过去开展稀薄自由分子流到连续流气体运动论统一算法框架,采用转动惯量描述气体分子自旋运动,确立含转动非平衡效应各流域统一玻尔兹曼模型方程.基于转动能量对分布函数守恒积分,得到计及转动非平衡效应气体分子速度分布函数方程组,使用离散速度坐标法对分布函数方程所依赖速度空间离散降维;应用拓展计算流体力学有限差分方法,构造直接求解分子速度分布函数的气体动理论数值格式;基于物面质量流量通量守恒与能量平衡关系,发展计及转动非平衡气体动理论边界条件数学模型及数值处理方法,提出模拟各流域转动非平衡效应玻尔兹曼模型方程统一算法.通过高、低不同马赫数1.5~25氮气激波结构与自由分子流到连续流全飞行流域不同克努森数(9×10-4~10)Ramp制动器、圆球、尖双锥飞行器、飞船返回舱外形体再入跨流域绕流模拟研究,将计算结果与有关实验数据、稀薄流DSMC模拟值等结果对比分析,验证统一算法模拟自由分子流到连续流再入过程高超声速绕流问题的可靠性与精度.  相似文献   

3.
基于过去开展稀薄自由分子流到连续流气体运动论统一算法框架,采用转动惯量描述气体分子自旋运动,确立含转动非平衡效应各流域统一玻尔兹曼模型方程.基于转动能量对分布函数守恒积分,得到计及转动非平衡效应气体分子速度分布函数方程组,使用离散速度坐标法对分布函数方程所依赖速度空间离散降维;应用拓展计算流体力学有限差分方法,构造直接求解分子速度分布函数的气体动理论数值格式;基于物面质量流量通量守恒与能量平衡关系,发展计及转动非平衡气体动理论边界条件数学模型及数值处理方法,提出模拟各流域转动非平衡效应玻尔兹曼模型方程统一算法.通过高、低不同马赫数1:5~25氮气激波结构与自由分子流到连续流全飞行流域不同克努森数(9×10-4~10)Ramp制动器、圆球、尖双锥飞行器、飞船返回舱外形体再入跨流域绕流模拟研究,将计算结果与有关实验数据、稀薄流DSMC模拟值等结果对比分析,验证统一算法模拟自由分子流到连续流再入过程高超声速绕流问题的可靠性与精度.  相似文献   

4.
稀薄流非线性模型方程离散速度坐标法有限差分解   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
从一般非线性Bo ltzm ann方程出发,发展并实现了一套适于大范围K nudsen数稀薄流问题数值模拟的统一算法。采用BGK模型和Shakov模型近似碰撞项,进而引入两个二速度无量纲简化分布函数,通过关于分子速度第三分量取矩积分,将三速度单一模型方程变换为二速度微分方程组。基于G auss-H erm ite积分公式和正交多项式G auss积分公式,借助离散速度坐标法消除简化模型方程对分子速度空间的连续依赖性,从相空间到物理空间得到一组带源项双曲守恒离散方程,并给出其显式和隐式二阶迎风TVD有限差分解。以二维圆柱A r气体超声速绕流算例,验证了数值算法的有效性,比较分析了漫反射和镜面反射两种气体分子壁面反射模型的计算结果。  相似文献   

5.
求解玻尔兹曼(Boltzmann) 模型方程的气体动理学统一算法(unified gas kinetic scheme,UGKS) 是为模拟存在显著稀薄气体效应流动而建立的. 在该方法中,如果速度空间离散采用传统的离散速度坐标法(discreteordinate method,DOM),将会导致相容性条件得不到严格满足,从而引入数值误差. 本文从理论分析及数值试验两方面说明了该数值误差,正比于来流马赫数,反比于来流努森数. 引入了守恒型的离散速度坐标法(conservativediscrete ordinate method,CDOM),在离散层面上确保了相容性条件得到严格满足. 圆柱绕流计算结果表明,来流马赫数较高、努森数较小时,相容性条件满足与否对计算结果影响较大,采用CDOM 可以在较稀的速度空间网格上得到网格无关解,缩减计算量最大可达2/3.  相似文献   

6.
气体运动论数值算法在微槽道流中的应用研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
简要介绍基于Boltzmann模型方程的气体运动论数值算法基本思想及其对二维微槽道流动问题数值计算的推广,并阐述适用于微尺度流动问题的气体运动论边界条件数值处理方法。通过对压力驱动的二维微槽道流动问题进行数值模拟,将不同Knudsen数下的微槽道流计算结果分别与有关DSMC模拟值和经滑移流理论修正的N—S方程解进行比较分析,表明基于Boltzmann模型方程的气体运动论数值算法对微槽道气体流动问题具有很好的模拟能力。  相似文献   

7.
统一气体动理论格式UGKS(Unified Gas-Kinetic Scheme)是一种适用于从连续流到自由分子流的全流域计算格式。在该格式中一般使用统一的离散速度空间。而在高速流动中,不同节点的分布函数往往差异很大。为了保证计算的精度,离散速度空间必须满足所有节点的需要,占用了大量的内存。采用局部的均匀离散速度空间,离散速度的范围随节点状态的变化而变化,从而降低了内存的需要,并通过引入背景网格避免了不同节点离散速度的插值。最后,通过两个一维算例对该方法进行了测试。测试结果显示,采用局部离散速度空间能够得到可靠的结果,并且在模拟高速流动时计算效率明显提高。  相似文献   

8.
给出了带襟翼偏转的三维机翼绕流的一种求解N-S方程的计算方法,采用区域求解算法和对接分区网络技术相结合的方法,有效地求解了绕此外形的复杂流动,区域求解算法中提出了一种满足通量守恒的内边界耦合条件,流场求解时采用中心差分的限体积方法对空间通量顶进行离散,采用显式推进方法进行时间方向的积分,数值算例表明本方法是求解带襟翼偏转的机翼绕流的有效方法。  相似文献   

9.
临近空间飞行器因各部件尺寸差异较大, 在高空高马赫数条件下飞行会出现多流区共存的多尺度复杂非平衡流动现象, 流场中的气体分子速度分布函数与当地位置、流场分子速度、气体密度、流动速度、温度、热流矢量、应力张量等相关. 通过分析玻尔兹曼方程的一阶查普曼?恩斯科近似解, 构造了一种同时考虑热流矢量和应力张量影响、满足玻尔兹曼方程高阶碰撞矩的跨流域统一可计算模型方程, 并在数学上分析了其守恒性、H定理等基本属性, 证明了新模型方程与玻尔兹曼方程的相容性, 给出了新模型与现有模型如沙克霍夫(Shakhov)模型等的递进关系, 基于碰撞动力学确定了各流域统一气体分子碰撞松弛参数表达式. 在气体动理论统一算法中采用新建模型及现有模型模拟了一维激波结构、二维近空间飞行环境平板和多体圆柱干扰流动, 并与直接模拟蒙特卡洛方法对比分析, 结果表明在流场中粘性效应显著的区域新建模型能更好地捕捉激波位置, 尤其是在激波内部新模型模拟的宏观参数分布与直接模拟蒙特卡洛方法结果符合更好, 验证了新模型的有效性和可靠性, 同时说明在非平衡显著的流动区域碰撞松弛模型受多参数共同作用的影响.   相似文献   

10.
气体动理学格式研究进展   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
李启兵  徐昆 《力学进展》2012,42(5):522-537
介绍了近年来气体动理学格式(gas-kinetic scheme, GKS, 亦简称BGK 格式) 的主要研究进展, 重点是高阶精度动理学格式及适合从连续流到稀薄流全流域的统一动理学格式. 通过对速度分布函数的高阶展开和对初值的高阶重构, 构造了时间和空间均为三阶精度的气体动理学格式. 研究表明, 相比于传统的基于Riemann 解的高阶格式, 新格式不仅考虑了网格单元界面上物理量的高阶重构, 而且在初始场的演化阶段耦合了流体的对流和黏性扩散, 也能够保证解的高阶精度. 该研究为高精度计算流体力学(computatial uiddymamics, CFD) 格式的建立提供了一条新的途径. 通过分子离散速度空间直接求解Boltzmann 模型方程,在每个时间步长内将宏观量的更新和微观气体分布函数的更新紧密地耦合在一起, 建立了适合任意Knudsen(kn) 数的统一格式, 相比于已有的直接离散格式具有更高的求解效率. 最后, 本文还讨论了合理的物理模型对数值方法的重要性. 气体动理学方法的良好性能来自于Boltzmann 模型方程对计算网格单元界面上初始间断的时间演化的准确描述. 气体自由运动与碰撞过程的耦合是十分必要的. 通过分析数值激波层内的耗散机制,我们认识到采用Euler 方程的精确Riemann 解作为现代可压缩CFD 方法的基础具有根本的缺陷, 高马赫数下的激波失稳现象不可避免. 气体动理学格式为构造数值激波结构提供了一个重要的可供参考的物理机制.  相似文献   

11.
A gas-kinetic numerical method for directly solving the mesoscopic velocity distribution function equation is presented and applied to the study of three-dimensional complex flows and micro-channel flows covering various flow regimes. The unified velocity distribution function equation describing gas transport phenomena from rarefied transition to continuum flow regimes can be presented on the basis of the kinetic Boltzmann–Shakhov model equation. The gas-kinetic finite-difference schemes for the velocity distribution function are constructed by developing a discrete velocity ordinate method of gas kinetic theory and an unsteady time-splitting technique from computational fluid dynamics. Gas-kinetic boundary conditions and numerical modeling can be established by directly manipulating on the mesoscopic velocity distribution function. A new Gauss-type discrete velocity numerical integration method can be developed and adopted to attack complex flows with different Mach numbers. HPF parallel strategy suitable for the gas-kinetic numerical method is investigated and adopted to solve three-dimensional complex problems. High Mach number flows around three-dimensional bodies are computed preliminarily with massive scale parallel. It is noteworthy and of practical importance that the HPF parallel algorithm for solving three-dimensional complex problems can be effectively developed to cover various flow regimes. On the other hand, the gas-kinetic numerical method is extended and used to study micro-channel gas flows including the classical Couette flow, the Poiseuille- channel flow and pressure-driven gas flows in two-dimensional short micro-channels. The numerical experience shows that the gas-kinetic algorithm may be a powerful tool in the numerical simulation of micro-scale gas flows occuring in the Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS). The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (90205009 and 10321002), and the National Parallel Computing Center in Beijing. The English text was polished by Yunming Chen.  相似文献   

12.
The nonequilibrium steady gas flows under the external forces are essentially associated with some extremely complicated nonlinear dynamics, due to the acceleration or deceleration effects of the external forces on the gas molecules by the velocity distribution function. In this article, the gas-kinetic unified algorithm (GKUA) for rarefied transition to continuum flows under external forces is developed by solving the unified Boltzmann model equation. The computable modeling of the Boltzmann equation with the external force terms is presented at the first time by introducing the gas molecular collision relaxing parameter and the local equilibrium distribution function integrated in the unified expression with the flow state controlling parameter, including the macroscopic flow variables, the gas viscosity transport coefficient, the thermodynamic effect, the molecular power law, and molecular models, covering a full spectrum of flow regimes. The conservative discrete velocity ordinate (DVO) method is utilized to transform the governing equation into the hyperbolic conservation forms at each of the DVO points. The corresponding numerical schemes are constructed, especially the forward-backward MacCormack predictor-corrector method for the convection term in the molecular velocity space, which is unlike the original type. Some typical numerical examples are conducted to test the present new algorithm. The results obtained by the relevant direct simulation Monte Carlo method, Euler/Navier-Stokes solver, unified gas-kinetic scheme, and moment methods are compared with the numerical analysis solutions of the present GKUA, which are in good agreement, demonstrating the high accuracy of the present algorithm. Besides, some anomalous features in these flows are observed and analyzed in detail. The numerical experience indicates that the present GKUA can provide potential applications for the simulations of the nonequilibrium external-force driven flows, such as the gravity, the electric force, and the Lorentz force fields covering all flow regimes.  相似文献   

13.
Based on the Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook (BGK) Boltzmann model equation, the unified simplified velocity distribution function equation adapted to various flow regimes can be presented. The reduced velocity distribution functions and the discrete velocity ordinate method are developed and applied to remove the velocity space dependency of the distribution function, and then the distribution function equations will be cast into hyperbolic conservation laws form with non‐linear source terms. Based on the unsteady time‐splitting technique and the non‐oscillatory, containing no free parameters, and dissipative (NND) finite‐difference method, the gas kinetic finite‐difference second‐order scheme is constructed for the computation of the discrete velocity distribution functions. The discrete velocity numerical quadrature methods are developed to evaluate the macroscopic flow parameters at each point in the physical space. As a result, a unified simplified gas kinetic algorithm for the gas dynamical problems from various flow regimes is developed. To test the reliability of the present numerical method, the one‐dimensional shock‐tube problems and the flows past two‐dimensional circular cylinder with various Knudsen numbers are simulated. The computations of the related flows indicate that both high resolution of the flow fields and good qualitative agreement with the theoretical, DSMC and experimental results can be obtained. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

14.
15.
A model kinetic equation approximating the Boltzmann equation on a wide range of the intensities of nonequilibrium states of gases is derived to describe rarefied gas flows. The kinetic model is based on a distribution function dependent on the absolute velocity of gas particles. Themodel kinetic equation possesses a high computational efficiency and the problem of shock wave structure is solved on its basis. The calculated and experimental data for argon are compared.  相似文献   

16.
The rarefied fully developed flow of a gas through a duct of a triangular cross section is solved in the whole range of the Knudsen number. The flow is modelled by the BGK kinetic equation, subject to Maxwell diffuse boundary conditions. The numerical solution is based on the discrete velocity method, which is applied for first time on a triangular lattice in the physical space. The boundaries of the flow and computational domains are identical deducing accurate results with modest computational effort. Results on the velocity profiles and on the flow rates for ducts of various triangular cross sections are reported and they are valid in the whole range of gas rarefaction. Their accuracy is validated in several ways, including the recovery of the analytical solutions at the free molecular and hydrodynamic limits. The successful implementation of the triangular grid elements is promising for generalizing kinetic type solutions to rarefied flows in domains with complex boundaries using adaptive and unstructured grids.  相似文献   

17.
We develop a method to seamlessly simulate flows over a wide range of Knudsen numbers past arbitrarily shaped immersed boundaries. To achieve seamless computation, ie, not use any zone division to distinguish between continuum and non‐continuum regions, we use the unified gas kinetic scheme (UGKS), which is based on the Bhatnagar‐Groos‐Krook (BGK) approximation of the Boltzmann equation. We combine UGKS with an appropriately designed Cartesian grid method (CGM) to allow us to compute flows past arbitrary boundaries. The CGM we use here satisfies boundary conditions at the wall by using a constrained least square interpolation procedure. However, it differs from the usual, continuum CGMs in 2 ways. Firstly, to allow us capture non‐continuum effects at the boundaries, the CGM used herein interpolates the microscopic velocity distribution function in addition to the macroscopic variables. Secondly, even for the macroscopic variables, we use a gas kinetic method–based density interpolation procedure at the boundaries that allows the CGM to interface well with the UGKS method. We demonstrate the robustness and efficacy of the method by testing it on stationary immersed boundaries at various Knudsen numbers ranging from continuum to transition regimes.  相似文献   

18.
Slow low-Knudsen-number monatomic-gas flow past a circular cylinder is numerically investigated on the basis of a model kinetic equation. The gas flow is described by a new kinetic equation, from which the continuum equations for slow nonisothermal gas flows containing temperature stresses follow rigorously. It is shown that a closed convective-flow region arises near a nonuniformly heated cylinder in a slow gas flow if the flow impinges on the hot side of its surface. Using a new model of the Boltzmann equation makes it possible to study gas flows both in continuum and rarefied flow regimes.  相似文献   

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