用乙二胺四乙酸和Pt(NO3)2制备Pt/C催化剂及其形成机理

在用Pt(NO3)2作前驱体制备Pt/C催化剂时,乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)的存在能有效地降低Pt粒子粒径并改善其分散度。发现加入EDTA不能与Pt2+配位形成络合物,而是通过静电作用将Pt2+包裹起来,使生成的Pt粒子不易团聚,得到的Pt/C催化剂中Pt粒子的平均粒径为3 nm,而且分布均匀,因此,得到的Pt/C催化剂对甲醇氧化有很好的电催化活性和稳定性。     

直接甲酸燃料电池Pd阳极催化剂及其电催化稳定性

直接甲酸燃料电池(DFAFC)中Pd阳极催化剂对甲酸氧化具有很好的电催化活性, 但电催化稳定性较差, 因此, 对Pd催化剂电催化活性和稳定性的影响原因和机理的研究已经成为DFAFC阳极催化剂的研究重点, 本文综述了DFAFC中Pd催化剂和Pd基复合催化剂的研究和发展概况. 主要介绍了Pd催化剂的优缺点、稳定性及提高稳定性的方法和机理等, 为Pd催化剂和Pd基复合催化剂的实际应用奠定基础.     

液化场地桩基侧向响应分析中p-y曲线模型研究进展

采用非线性Winkler地基梁模型分析侧向液化土-桩相互作用所面临的首要难题是液化土p-y曲线的确定.因此较全面地阐述了液化土p-y曲线模型的国内外研究历史、现状与重要成果,对获得液化土p-y曲线不同试验手段的典型试验作一简明分析,并概括了桩基侧向响应分析中常用的液化土p-y曲线.液化土p-y曲线的模型研究国外已取得不少很有价值的科研成果并开始用于桩基设计中,而国内才刚刚起步且以试验研究为主,基于这个事实,提出了对曲线模型研究的若干建议与认识,为曲线模型研究提供一些技术思路.液化土p-y曲线模型研究水平的提升将推动我国发展基于变形的液化场地桩基桥梁抗震设计方法.      

基于三氰基铁(Ⅲ)酸盐的FeⅢ4NiⅡ2六核配合物的合成、结构及磁性

利用三氰基铁酸盐(Bu₄N)[Fe^Ⅲ(Tp)(CN)₃](Tp=氢化三(1-吡唑基)硼酸)与配体2,9-二吡唑基-1,10-菲咯啉(dpzpen)以及高氯酸镍反应合成了一例氰根桥联的Fe^Ⅲ₄Ni^Ⅱ₂六核配合物[Fe₄Ni₂(Tp)₄(CN)₁₂(dpzpen)₂]·12H₂O·3CH₃OH(1)。结构研究表明配合物1具有近似菱形的Fe^Ⅲ₂Ni^Ⅱ₂骨架结构,另外2个Fe(Ⅲ)则通过氰根延伸在菱形的外侧。磁性研究表明在配合物1中氰根桥联的Fe(Ⅲ)和Ni(Ⅱ)表现出铁磁相互作用。更为重要的是,基于配合物1的结构模型,对它的变温磁化率数据进行拟合得到了不同Fe(Ⅲ)-Ni(Ⅱ)之间的磁耦合常数,得到的最佳磁耦合常数J_3d (15.73 cm^-1)>J_2d (3.53 cm^-1)≈J_1d (3.50 cm^-1)与Ni—N键的键长以及Ni—N≡C键角的变化趋势有关(J_3d： 0.206 5 nm,169.8°; J_2d： 0.206 2 nm,163.1°; J_1d： 0.198 7 nm,161.6°)。以上结果表明Ni—N键长越短,Ni—N≡C键角越大,Fe(Ⅲ)与Ni(Ⅱ)之间的铁磁耦合越强。     

Phase transition and high temperature thermoelectric properties of copper selenide Cu2-x Se （0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25）

With good electrical properties and an inherently complex crystal structure, Cu_2-xSe is a potential “phonon glass electron crystal” thermoelectric material that has previously not attracted much interest. In this study, Cu_2-xSe (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25) compounds were synthesized by a melting-quenching method, and then sintered by spark plasma sintering to obtain bulk material. The effect of Cu content on the phase transition and thermoelectric properties of Cu_2-xSe were investigated in the temperature range of 300 K—750 K. The results of X-ray diffraction at room temperature show that Cu_2-xSe compounds possess a cubic structure with a space group of Fm3m (#225) when 0.15 < x le 0.25, whereas they adopt a composite of monoclinic and cubic phases when 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15. The thermoelectric property measurements show that with increasing Cu content, the electrical conductivity decreases, the Seebeck coefficient increases and the thermal conductivity decreases. Due to the relatively good power factor and low thermal conductivity, the nearly stoichiometric Cu₂Se compound achieves the highest ZT of 0.38 at 750 K. It is expected that the thermoelectric performance can be further optimized by doping appropriate elements and/or via a nanostructuring approach.     

DPF中子峰下波形测量数据计算中长电缆滤波影响的研究

建立了一套门控闪烁测量系统（门控ST-PMT系统）, 测量了稠密等离子体聚焦（DPF）波形后沿中子峰下3～4个量级的物理图像, 分别讨论了长电缆对 DPF D-D, D-T中子峰下3～4个量级波形测量的影响, 采用数学方法分析了长电缆作为频率滤波函数在解逆卷积函数中的应用, 解析了电缆带宽对测量结果的影响。The influence of the Fourier Transform on long cable in the measurement of fall time of DPF neutron profile is discussed by mathematical methods. The application of anti convolution function with the Fourier Transform on long cable is analysed. The time interval between the peak time and the time that the height falls 3 orders of magnitude after peak is measured with gated detector array system which consists of PMT(photomultiplier tube) and organic scintillation crystal.     

Structures of Pt clusters on graphene doped with nitrogen, boron, and silicon: a theoretical study

The structures of Pt clusters on nitrogen-,boron-,silicon-doped graphenes are theoretically studied using densityfunctional theory.These dopants(nitrogen,boron and silicon) each do not induce a local curvature in the graphene and the doped graphenes all retain their planar form.The formation energy of the silicon-graphene system is lower than those of the nitrogen-,boron-doped graphenes,indicating that the silicon atom is easier to incorporate into the graphene.All the substitutional impurities enhance the interaction between the Pt atom and the graphene.The adsorption energy of a Pt adsorbed on the silicon-doped graphene is much higher than those on the nitrogen-and boron-doped graphenes.The doped silicon atom can provide more charges to enhance the Pt-graphene interaction and the formation of Pt clusters each with a large size.The stable structures of Pt clusters on the doped-graphenes are dimeric,triangle and tetrahedron with the increase of the Pt coverage.Of all the studied structures,the tetrahedron is the most stable cluster which has the least influence on the planar surface of doped-graphene.     

碳纳米管表面修饰程度对其载Pd纳米粒子的电催化氧化水合肼性能的影响

比较了未氧化处理与经浓硝酸或混酸(浓硫酸与浓硝酸体积比为1∶1)处理后的不同多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)为载体的Pd催化剂(Pd/MWNTs)对水合肼氧化的电催化性能. 光谱表征和电化学测试结果表明, MWNTs表面不修饰或修饰程度过大都不利于金属Pd纳米粒子的沉积. 浓硝酸处理使MWNTs表面修饰的含氧基团适中, 能够促进负载的Pd纳米粒子均一分布, 因此提高Pd/MWNTs催化剂对水合肼的电催化性能. 相反, 混酸处理使MWNTs表面产生的含氧基团过多, 导致金属Pd纳米粒子部分聚集, 从而降低Pd/MWNTs催化剂对水合肼的电催化性能.     

双相识别手性萃取佐匹克隆对映体动力学研究

以羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)和L-酒石酸异丁酯(L-IBTA)分别为水相和有机相中手性选择体构成双相识别手性萃取体系, 研究其对佐匹克隆(ZPC)对映体的萃取动力学. 分别考察了搅拌速度、两相接触面积、水相中ZPC对映体浓度、水相及有机相中手性选择体浓度以及水相pH值对ZPC对映体萃取动力学的影响. 结果表明, L-IBTA萃取ZPC对映体的反应为“快反应”|对ZPC对映体反应是一级反应, 对L-IBTA反应是二级反应|对R-ZPC和S-ZPC反应速率常数分别为31.25×10^－5和48.74×10^－5 mol^－2•m⁶•s^－1. 萃取速率随HP-β-CD浓度的增加而降低. 以上研究结果将为手性萃取的工程设计提供参考.     

中红外光谱检测不同浓度乙醇柴油性能指标

利用中红外光谱和化学计量学实现了对乙醇柴油各项性能指标的定量分析。实验样品96个,为32种不同浓度的乙醇柴油溶液。采用S-G平滑、MSC、微分处理(1stD和2ndD)、SNV等四种方法对光谱数据进行预处理,并结合八种波段筛选方法(UVE,CARS,SPA,RPLS,UVE-SPA,UVE-CARS,SPA-CARS,UVE-SPA-CARS)对乙醇柴油MIR光谱数据进行处理,分别建立乙醇柴油密度、粘度、乙醇含量的PLSR模型,得出以下主要结论：综合比较八种变量筛选方法,发现UVE-SPA-CARS-PLS对乙醇含量的建模效果最好,模型预测集的R_p和RMSEP分别为0.978 1和0.825 5。变量筛选较原始光谱建立的模型来说,不仅模型输入数量减少,预测效果也有所提高。