3'',5''-二溴-2,4-二羟基偶氮苯的合成、晶体结构和光致异构性能

以对硝基苯胺为原料,通过溴代、去氨基、硝基还原和重氮耦合反应合成了3’,5’-二溴-2,4-二羟基偶氮苯,利用FT-IR,1H NMR,13C NMR,MS,元素分析和X射线单晶衍射等方法对标题化合物的结构进行了表征。X射线单晶衍射结果表明,该晶体属于单斜晶系,P1 21/c1空间群,晶胞参数为:a=2.0107(3)nm,b=0.42111(7)nm,c=0.16175(3)nm,β=94.408(2)°,V=1.3655(4)nm3,Z=4,Dc=1.897 g/cm3,μ=5.941 mm-1,F(000)=760,R1=0.0762,wR2=0.2127[I>2σ(I)],标题偶氮苯分子以E型异构体存在。其光致异构性能研究表明,在紫外光的照射下,标题分子可实现E-Z异构转化,其稀溶液E-Z光致异构转化遵循一级动力学方程ln[(A0-Aeq)/(At-Aeq)]=kt×t。     

Photodynamics of Methyl-Vinyl Criegee Intermediate: Different Conical Intersections Govern the Fates of Syn/Anti Configurations

Methyl vinyl ketone oxide, an unsaturated four-carbon Criegee intermediate produced from the ozonolysis of isoprene has been recognized to play a key role in determining the tropospheric OH concentration. It exists in four configurations (\begin{document}$ anti $\end{document}-\begin{document}$ anti $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ anti $\end{document}-\begin{document}$ syn $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ syn $\end{document}-\begin{document}$ anti $\end{document}, and \begin{document}$ syn $\end{document}-\begin{document}$ syn $\end{document}) due to two different substituents of saturated methyl and unsaturated vinyl groups. In this study, we have carried out the electronic structure calculation at the multi-configurational CASSCF and multi-state MS-CASPT2 levels, as well as the trajectory surface-hopping nonadiabatic dynamics simulation at the CASSCF level to reveal the different fates of \begin{document}$ syn $\end{document}/\begin{document}$ anti $\end{document} configurations in photochemical process. Our results show that the dominant channel for the S\begin{document}$ _1 $\end{document}-state decay is a ring closure, isomerization to dioxirane, during which, the \begin{document}$ syn $\end{document}(C\begin{document}$ - $\end{document}O) configuration with an intramolecular hydrogen bond shows slower nonadiabatic photoisomerization. More importantly, it has been found for the first time in photochemistry of Criegee intermediate that the cooperation of two heavy groups (methyl and vinyl) leads to an evident pyramidalization of C3 atom in methyl-vinyl Criegee intermediate, which then results in two structurally-independent minimal-energy crossing points (CIs) towards the \begin{document}$ syn $\end{document}(C\begin{document}$ - $\end{document}O) and \begin{document}$ anti $\end{document}(C\begin{document}$ - $\end{document}O) sides, respectively. The preference of surface hopping for a certain CI is responsible for the different dynamics of each configuration.     

反式-4-甲氧基偶氮苯超快激发态性质研究

本文利用飞秒瞬态吸收光谱结合量化计算研究了反式-4-甲氧基偶氮苯的超快激发态动力学和光异构过程. 瞬态光谱中在400∽480 nm波段出现永久的正吸收,表明反式分子被激发到第二激发态后最终产生了顺式结构. 在乙醇和乙二醇溶剂环境中分别获得了三个衰减组分,时间分别为0.11、1.4、2.9 ps和0.16、1.5、7.5 ps. 快速的时间组分是源自第二激发态弛豫到第一激发态的内转换过程. 另外两个组分和第一激发态的弛豫相关:一个是经第一激发态的内转化和光异构过程,另一个是顺式结构的振动冷却过程. 基于不同溶剂环境中的动力学差别,证实了光异构路径是反转机制而不是旋转机制.     

含偶氮苯主-客体复合物的光致异构化反应对结合能与几何构象的影响

在分子尺度上构建光驱动的人工分子机器是超分子化学研究的一个热点。偶氮苯是一类具有双稳态的光致开关分子,能够完成高效、可逆的反式(E)$\to $顺式(Z)的光致异构化过程,因而可以作为人工分子机器的功能单元。本文采用密度泛函理论(DFT)和反应分子动力学(RMD)模拟,研究了含偶氮苯封端基团的互锁型超分子体系中冠醚主体与二烷基铵客体间结合强度,模拟了偶氮苯Z$\to $E异构化反应的动态过程,讨论了异构化反应对主客体分子构象的影响。在偶氮苯封端基团通过发生Z$\to $E异构化实现体系单向可控运动时,较强的主-客体间结合能力是保证互锁型超分子体系稳定的必要前提。顺式客体与主体大环氢键相互作用比反式客体更强,因此顺式复合异构体具有比反式异构体更大的结合强度。偶氮苯基团发生E$\to $Z光致异构化引入位阻效应,使得顺式复合物只能从环戊基准封端处进行脱环。主客体复合过程对偶氮苯基团的几何结构没有明显影响。偶氮苯光致异构化发生的速度快于客体脱环的速度是实现单向运动的动力学上的必要条件。在异构化反应后的500 ps内,大环会经历一个明显的结构驰豫过程。冠醚大环主体的柔性构象有助于实现在偶氮苯光致异构化发生过程中主客体间持续稳定的结合。各种超分子体系中,尽管客体组成各不相同,但是包含相似的主客体识别位点的超分子体系具有相似的结合能,显示了机械互锁型复合体系中各种功能性构建单元间主客体相互作用具有正交性。引入双稳态的偶氮苯功能基团对客体其他部分的几何结构影响很小。理论计算结果有助于理性设计更复杂的刺激响应性人工分子机器。     

螺旋共轭化合物1',3',3'-三甲基-6-羟基螺旋[2H-1-苯并吡喃-2,2'-二氢吲哚]的结构、光谱、非线性光学性质和光异构化过程的理论研究

用AM₁和ZINDO方法研究了螺旋共轭化合物1',3',3'三甲基6羟基螺旋[2H-1-苯并吡喃2,2'-二氢吲哚](HBPS)及其光异构化产物的结构和光谱性质,从理论上研究了HBPS的光异构化反应过程,并在此基础上,用自编的完全态求和公式(SOS)程序计算了非线性光学系数.     

零代光致变色液晶树状物的光响应行为研究

研究了含4个己氧基偶氮苯基元的零代(G0)光致变色液晶树状物在氯仿和四氢呋喃中的吸收光强、最大吸收波长、摩尔消光系数、量子产率、活化能、异构转换率、反-顺光异构化反应速率常数、热回复异构化反应速率常数、光回复异构化反应平衡常数及速率常数.G0的光致变色反应数率常数为10-1s^-1,而含偶氮基元液晶聚硅氧烷的光致变色反应数率常数为10^-8s^-1,前者比后者快107倍.     

甲基乙烯基克里奇中间体的激发态动力学：不同的圆锥交叉点决定顺反构型的不同无辐射弛豫通道

本文为了揭示甲基乙烯基克里奇中间体(MVCI)的不同异构体的光化学过程的异同，进而深入理解甲基和乙烯基的不同贡献，在多参考态完全活化空间CASSCF和多参考态二阶微扰理论CASPT2水平开展了电子结构计算，并基于CASSCF方法进行了轨线面跃迁非绝热动力学模拟.结果表明，从第一激发态S₁出发的优势反应通道为关环为双环氧乙烷的过程，其中，围绕C-O键为顺式的两种构型关环进度明显慢于反式，说明了乙烯基上的氢与端位氧原子间形成的分子内氢键约束了C-O键的旋转. 更为重要的是，首次在克里奇中间体的光化学中发现，甲基和乙烯基两个重基团的协同作用造成C3原子处呈明显的三角锥化，进而在垂直区域导致两个结构不同、分别趋近顺式和反式构型的势能面交叉点. 从不同初始构型出发的轨线，其无辐射跃迁对两类不同交叉点的偏好造成了各构型间显著不同的动力学行为.     

含对甲氧基苯氧羰基偶氮苯基团的侧链液晶高分子的光致变色性能研究

研究了含对甲氧基苯氧羰基偶氮苯基团的甲基丙烯酸酯单体及其与含对甲氧基苯氧羰基苯基团的甲基丙烯酸酯单体的共聚物的氯仿溶液、二甲基甲酰胺溶液和共聚物薄膜在紫外光诱导下的光异构化及热回复异构化行为。结果表明,它们在紫外光诱导下均能发生先致变色现象,且介质对其光致变色行为起决定作用。     

Photochemistry of cyclopropanes, methylenecyclopropanes, and vinylidenecyclopropanes

This review deals with the recent advances in the photochemistry of cyclopropanes, methylenecyclopropanes, and vinylidenecyclopropanes. cis–trans Photoisomerization of 1,2-diarycyclopropanes via excited singlet and triplet states and radical cations, photochemical polar addition to arylcyclopropanes, and photooxygenation of arylcyclopropanes and methylenecyclopropanes giving cyclic peroxides are described. The new photochemistry of vinylidenecyclopropanes including cis–trans photoisomerization, (3+2) photocycloadditions, and photorearrangements is also discussed.     

Different shapes of spherical vaterite by photo-induced cis–trans isomerization of an azobenzene-containing polymer in a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide and water

We studied the crystallization of CaCO₃ by the photoisomerization of azobenzene groups in poly[1-[4-[3-carboxy-4-hydroxyphenylazobenzenesulfonamido]-1,2-ethanediyl, sodium salt] (PAZO) in a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide and water at 30 °C. The products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FT-IR, and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. We observed that the different shapes of spherical vaterite particles were produced by the changes of configuration and polarity of the azobenzene groups in the polymer which resulted from photo-induced isomerization. The results indicate that the nucleation of primary particles of CaCO₃ was inhibited by in situ photo-induced cis–trans isomerization of PAZO. Therefore, we suggest that the shapes of the spherical vaterite can be effectively modified by photoisomerization of the azobenzene groups in the polymer at the initial stage of CaCO₃ crystallization.