Ionic liquid chemically bonded basalt fibers for in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction

Ionic liquids have been widely used in different fields by advantage of their specific properties. In this work, 1‐methyl‐3‐(3‐trimethoxysilyl propyl)imidazolium chloride was prepared and chemically bonded onto basalt fibers for in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction. Through combining in‐tube extraction device with high‐performance liquid chromatography equipped with a diode array detector, an online enrichment and analysis method for eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was established under the optimum conditions. A good enrichment factor (52–814), good linearity (0.10–15 and 0.20–15 μg/L), low limits of detection (0.03–0.05 μg/L), and low limits of quantitation (0.10–0.20 μg/L) were achieved using a sample volume of 50 mL. Analysis method was applied to the real samples including the groundwater and wastewater from a chemical industry park, some target analytes were detected and the relative recoveries were in the range of 80.4–116.8%.     

Micellar electrokinetic chromatography for high‐performance analytical separation

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a relatively new method of analytical separation having the advantages of high separation efficiency, requirement of a small sample amount, low operating cost, and fast separation time. CE is a separation method where the analyte migrates under an electric field due to a charge on the analyte. Hence, CE was unable to separate neutral analytes until the advent of micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). MEKC is performed with an addition of ionic micelles to an electrophoretic medium, where a portion of the analyte is incorporated into the micelle and has an apparent charge, which can be subject to electrophoretic separation. The migration velocity of the neutral analyte in MEKC depends on what portion of the analyte is incorporated into the micelle. Thus, the separation principle of MEKC is similar to that of chromatography, although the micelle corresponding to the stationary phase in chromatography is not stationary inside the capillary. The fundamental characteristics and theoretical treatments of the behavior of the analyte in MEKC were studied extensively by the author's group. MEKC has been established as one of the most popular separation modes in CE. This review describes how MEKC was developed and how it is useful as a method of analytical separation. © 2008 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 8: 291–301; 2008: Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20156     

大学化学习题课的困境与有效教学策略

结合大学化学的教学现状,针对学生的需求,深入思考在教学过程中设置习题课的重要性和相关问题。从教师素质、班级规模、教学方法、习题构建与讲解以及考试等不同角度提出有效提高习题课效率的策略。进一步探讨线上线下混合式习题课教学模式的可行性,并提供可参考的教学案例,以期促进大学化学专业课程的教与学。     

An integrated strategy for the geographical origin traceability of Goji berries by antioxidants characteristic fingerprint based online ultra-performance liquid chromatography-2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl- photodiode array detector-mass spectrometry combined with multivariate statistics analysis

Goji berries are now becoming increasingly popular in the human diet due to their potential health benefits. Unscrupulous traders deliberately mislabel with certain origins to gain illegal profits, which seriously affected the consumers’ benefits. In this study, an online ultra-performance liquid chromatography-2,2-diphenyl-1 -picrylhydrazyl-photodiode array detector-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time of flight mass was developed for rapid screening and identification of the antioxidants from Goji berry; then, the antioxidants characteristic fingerprint was established and explored in the origins discrimination of Goji berries from China combined with multivariate statistics analysis. As a result, twenty-eight compounds were screened from Goji berry extract, 19 of which were identified by accurate molecular and ultraviolet information according to references. Principal components analysis and partial least squares discrimination analysis achieved the accurate classification from the four regions, eight compounds were selected as origin-related antioxidant markers with variable importance in projection >1 and one-way analysis of variance (P<0.05), including rutin, rutin di-hexose, P-coumaric acid tri-hexose, dicaffeoylquinic acid isomer, Quercetin-rhamno-di-hexoside, peak14, peak16, and peak27. This study provides a feasible strategy for the geographical origins discrimination of Goji berries based on antioxidant ingredients difference and will be helpful for improving the quality control level of Goji berries.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）法测定黄精中15种稀土元素及其指纹图谱绘制

为了准确测定黄精中稀土元素的含量,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）法同时测定黄精中15种稀土元素（La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu）的含量,进而绘制稀土元素指纹图谱,以稀土元素含量的平均值构建黄精稀土元素标准指纹图谱,作为鉴定黄精中药材的参考依据。黄精样品采用微波消解法处理后,通过在线引入内标溶液,采用ICP-MS法测定15种稀土元素的含量,采用OriginPro 2021绘制稀土元素指纹图谱和进行主成分分析,采用SPSS 26.0进行聚类分析。15种稀土元素的线性关系、重复性、精密度良好,平均加标回收率在97.0%~103.3%,相对标准偏差小于等于1.74%。黄精中Ce、La、Nd含量相对较高,Ce含量为53.02～2004.58 μg/kg,位居第一。聚类分析和主成分分析结果表明,样品聚为2类,同一产地的样品能够较好地聚在一起。黄精药材中15种稀土元素的指纹图谱具有相似的分布形态,具有较强的特征性和一致性,相似度均大于0.950。该方法操作简单,准确可靠,能满足实验分析要求,可为黄精的质量控制和药理研究提供参考;建立的指纹图谱可用于黄精的鉴别。     

Quickest online selection of an increasing subsequence of specified size

Given a sequence of independent random variables with a common continuous distribution, we consider the online decision problem where one seeks to minimize the expected value of the time that is needed to complete the selection of a monotone increasing subsequence of a prespecified length n. This problem is dual to some online decision problems that have been considered earlier, and this dual problem has some notable advantages. In particular, the recursions and equations of optimality lead with relative ease to asymptotic formulas for mean and variance of the minimal selection time. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 49, 235–252, 2016     

Urinary exposure marker discovery for toxicants using ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry and three untargeted metabolomics approaches

Human biomonitoring is the assessment of actual internal contamination of chemicals by measuring exposure markers, chemicals or their metabolites, in human urine, blood, serum, and other body fluids. However, the metabolism of chemicals within an organism is extremely complex. Therefore, the identification of metabolites is often difficult and laborious. Several untargeted metabolomics methods have been developed to perform objective searching/filtering of accurate-mass-based LC-MS data to facilitate metabolite identification. In this study, three metabolomics data processing approaches were used for chemical exposure marker discovery in urine with an LTQ-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) dataset; di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) was used as an example. The data processing techniques included the SMAIT, mass defect filtering (MDF), and XCMS Online. Sixteen, 83, and 139 probable DINP metabolite signals were obtained using the SMAIT, MDF, and XCMS procedures, respectively. Fourteen probable metabolite signals mined simultaneously by the three metabolomics approaches were confirmed as DINP metabolites by structural information provided by LC-MS/MS. Among them, 13 probable metabolite signals were validated as exposure-related markers in a rat model. Six (m/z 319.155, 361.127, 373.126, 389.157, 437.112 and 443.130) of the 13 exposure-related DINP metabolite signals have not previously been reported in the literature. Our data indicate that SMAIT provided an efficient method to discover effectively and systematically urinary exposure markers of toxicant. The DINP metabolism information can provide valuable information for further investigations of DINP toxicity, toxicokinetics, exposure assessment, and human health effects.     

多单位在线拍卖在动态频谱分配中的应用

为满足次级用户随时接入频谱的需求,避免次级用户谎报边际估值、到达时间和离开时间的行为,将认知无线电网络中一个频谱经纪人和多个次级用户之间的动态频谱分配问题建模为一个多单位在线拍卖,并提出了一种在线频谱拍卖机制.结果表明,机制不仅能在完全未知将来投标序列的情况下,立即对当前投标做出是否分配频谱的决策,而且满足激励相容性和个体理性,同时,在无干扰的用户之间支持频谱的空间复用性,实现了公平有效的频谱分配.最后,通过实例验证了该机制的实用性和可行性.     

游戏传播的动力学研究

随着网络游戏的快速发展,沉溺于网络游戏的人也越来越多.利用传染病模型,根据人们对某款游戏的沉迷程度,构建游戏传播的动力学模型.通过定性分析研究模型的平衡点和正平衡点的存在性,得出了游戏传播达到稳定状态时,各类人群的人数和游戏传播的阈值R_0.并证明当R_01时正平衡点的渐进稳定性,表明该游戏将会继续传播形成部分人群沉迷于该游戏;相反,当R_01时,游戏将无法传播.通过仿真,分析了不同参数对网络游戏传播的影响,为如何能更有效的控制管理游戏提供了合理的解释.     

多移动机器人的目标跟踪研究

本文主要对低温真空球罐三维可视化温度在线监测系统进行介绍,在真空球罐外罐内壁、内罐外壁、夹层、垂直支架等部位安装温度传感器,通过LabVIEW数据采集板卡实时采集温度信号,在Pro－E中建立球罐三维模型,划分网格后导入到LabVIEW环境中,将采集到的温度信号通过空间插值算法映射到模型中,直观显示真空球罐的整体温度信息,同时,通过LabVIEW三维模型场景对象属性节点和方法节点开发了模型隐藏、剖分、透视以及拾取传感器点等多样化功能,该套在线监测系统已经投入使用,整体性能表现优异,尤其是直观新颖的三维可视化操作界面受到操作人员的一致好评。