中红外光谱对甲醇汽油甲醇含量检测研究

甲醇汽油是一种清洁能源,甲醇汽油中甲醇的含量决定了汽油的性能。通过中红外光谱对甲醇汽油中甲醇含量进行定量检测和分析。首先,对采集的甲醇汽油原始中红外光谱进行平滑处理（smoothing）、多元散射校正（MSC）、基线校正（baseline）、归一化（normalization）等预处理,再建立PLS模型,对比选择最佳预处理方法,结果表明：在多元散射校正（MSC）处理后建立的PLS模型效果最好,模型的预测集相关系数r为0.918,预测均方根误差RMSEP为2.107。为进一步简化模型,提高预测精度,采用无信息变量消除(uninformative variable elimination, UVE)方法对波长进行筛选,将UVE波段筛选之后的作为模型的输入变量,采用偏最小二乘法（partial least squares, PLS）、主成分回归(principal components regression, PCR)和最小二乘支持向量机（least square support vector machine, LSSVM）三种方法分别建立甲醇汽油中甲醇含量的定量预测模型,并比较不同模型的预测效果和结果。结果表明,使用无信息变量消除可以较好提高数据的运算速度,其中,UVE-PLS模型建模效果最好,r和RMSEP分别为0.923和2.075。该实验表明中红外光谱检测甲醇汽油中甲醇含量是可行的并可以得到较好的效果;UVE是一种对甲醇汽油的中红外光谱非常有效的波段筛选方法,该模型的建立对石油化工领域具有较为重要的意义。     

Melting Heat in Radiative Flow of Carbon Nanotubes with Homogeneous-Heterogeneous Reactions

The present article provides mathematical modeling for melting heat and thermal radiation in stagnationpoint flow of carbon nanotubes towards a nonlinear stretchable surface of variable thickness. The process of homogeneousheterogeneous reactions is considered. Diffusion coefficients are considered equal for both reactant and autocatalyst.Water and gasoline oil are taken as base fluids. The conversion of partial differential system to ordinary differential system is done by suitable transformations. Optimal homotopy technique is employed for the solutions development of velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction and local Nusselt number. Graphical results for various values of pertinent parameters are displayed and discussed. Our results indicate that the skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number are enhanced for larger values of nanoparticles volume fraction.     

结合异常样本检测的汽油族组成拉曼光谱分析

汽油族组成不仅决定了汽油品质,同时直接关系到燃烧尾气对环境的影响。文章成功地将拉曼光谱分析技术应用于汽油族组成的定量分析。通过对校正集进行异常样本检测,剔除个别异常样本,有效地提高了偏最小二乘的模型精度,得到了较好的预测效果。芳烃含量、烯烃含量和氧含量的标准预测误差分别达到了0.23,0.52和0.143,其预测复相关系数分别达到了0.987,0.927和0.971。实验结果表明：采用拉曼光谱分析技术可以有效的解决汽油族组成的定量分析问题,其分析精度显著高于近红外光谱法与多维气相色谱法;同时也适用于汽油生产过程中的在线分析。     

推广使用无铅汽油对儿童血铅水平影响的研究

于１９９７年７月－９月在上海市５个区县３０所幼托机构对１９７２名１－６岁儿童进行了血铅水平抽样调查,然后于上海地区推广使用无铅汽油半年后的１９９８年４－６月相应人群进行血铅水平复查。     

专用测定汽油中含氧化合物气相色谱仪的研制和开发

采用气相色谱分析技术,可快速、准确地测定清洁汽油中的含氧化合物含量.参照ASTM D4815及SH/T0663的要求,在上海市计算技术研究所自主研制生产的气相色谱仪上开发此专用分析方法,分析汽油中C1～C4醇、甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)、乙基叔丁基醚(ETBE)、叔戊基甲基醚(TAME)等组分,测试范围:醇,0.1%(M/M)～12.0%(M/M);醚,0.1%(M/M)～20.0%(M/M).再结合开发的专用色谱分析软件,力求给用户提供性价比更高、操作更加便捷的分析系统.     

FCC硫转移复合助剂的研究

以Mg-Al元素为基础,引入Fe、稀土等元素,制备了一系列FCC（流化催化裂化）液体硫转移复合助剂,负载于FCC平衡剂上,得待评价的催化剂。利用工业模拟装置考察了复合助剂降低FCC烟道气和FCC产品油总硫质量分数的效果。结果表明,同时加入稀土、Fe元素的复合助剂在烟道气和汽油中的降硫效果都较好,经热重仪分析发现,稀土,Fe元素的加入加强了复合助剂吸附氧并转化为结晶氧的能力,使SO2更易被氧化吸收,达到脱硫目的。此复合助剂在烟道气中最高脱硫率可达85.7%,FCC产品油的最高降硫量达到15.8%。通过酸性数据分析和产品油分布对比实验,发现加入少量复合助剂,对FCC催化剂活性和选择性均无不良影响。     

A Robust Thermal Modulator for Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

In comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC), two capillary columns are connected in series through an interface known as a “thermal modulator”. This device transforms effluent from the first capillary column into a series of sharp injection-like chemical pulses suitable for high-speed chromatography on the second column. Dramatic increases in the resolving power, sensitivity, and speed of the gas chromatograph result. This paper describes the development of a robust and reliable thermal modulator for GC×GC.     

新型复合ZSM—5沸石／石棉的合成及其性能

以石棉为部分硅源与水玻璃、硫酸铝、有机胺、水等在160℃下用水热法合成出一种ZSM-5沸石嵌生在石棉纤维基质上的氢型复合ZSM-5沸石/石棉,并对其物相、外貌、组成、吸附及表面酸、碱性等性能作了测试。发现氢型复合ZSM-5沸石/石棉与HZSM-5沸石不同,它的表面同时存有酸、碱两类中心。     

毛细管色谱切割-反吹法归一化分析汽油中芳烃

发展了一种毛细管色谱切割 反吹方法分析汽油中的芳烃。利用OV 2 3 3 0强极性毛细管预柱将芳烃保留至n C1 0 之后 ,并反吹到非极性毛细管柱中按沸点详细分离分析。从预柱先流出的组分和从分析柱流出的组分都先后进入同一检测器中 ,因此可用响应因子校正的归一化方法定量分析汽油中的芳烃。该方法在15min内完成汽油中苯至C1 0 芳烃的分析 ,结果的重复精度误差≤ 3 % (RSD) ,切割误差± 5s时对分析结果的影响≤ 4% (RSD)。对该方法的装置和部分应用进行了讨论     

Impact of ageing on the distribution of platinum group elements and catalyst poisoning elements in automobile catalysts

The distribution of platinum group elements (PGEs) and catalyst poisoning elements (Pb, Zn, P and S) on the surface of gasoline and diesel automobile catalysts was investigated within this study. Laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA–ICPMS) provides both the sensitivity and the spatial resolution required for the surface analysis of sectioned automobile catalysts, and scanning along channels reveals the distribution of longitudinal changes in PGE and catalyst poisoning elements. Changes in catalyst surface features were studied for fresh catalysts and after ageing of the catalyst up to 80 000 km for both types of catalysts studied. The PGEs in the gasoline catalyst were found to decrease at the front of the catalyst after ageing, whereas the diesel catalyst presented a more constant loss along the catalyst. The fraction of poisoning elements (Pb, P and Zn for the gasoline catalyst and P and Zn for the diesel catalyst) retained by the catalyst is distributed non‐uniformly over the length of the catalyst. This could indicate different ageing mechanisms for gasoline and diesel catalysts. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.