二维离子色谱法同时测定环境水样中的碘离子、硫氰酸根和高氯酸根

建立了二维离子色谱法同时测定环境水样中的碘离子、硫氰酸根离子和高氯酸根离子的方法。先采用常规阴离子色谱柱(IonPac AS16, 250 mm×4 mm)将水样中的碘离子、硫氰酸根离子和高氯酸根离子与干扰离子进行分离。样品溶液通过抑制器后,将含有碘离子、硫氰酸根离子和高氯酸根离子的淋洗液导入富集柱(MAC-200, 80 mm×0.75 mm),再通过毛细管阴离子色谱柱(IonPac AS20 Capillary, 250 mm×0.4 mm)进行分离和定量分析。方法的线性范围为0.05～100 μg/L,相关系数达到0.9999,检出限为0.02～0.05 μg/L。样品中碘离子、硫氰酸根离子和高氯酸根离子的加标回收率在85.1%～100.1%之间,回收率的相对标准偏差(RSD)(n=6)在1.7%～4.9%之间。该法试剂用量小,灵敏度比常规离子色谱提高30～40倍,同时去除了样液中的高浓度基体杂质,适用于水样中低含量碘离子、硫氰酸根离子和高氯酸根离子的检测。     

全氟和多氟化合物环境问题研究

全氟和多氟化合物（PFASs）是一类具有重要应用价值的含氟有机化合物,许多全氟和多氟化合物难以光解、水解和被生物降解,因此具有环境持久性,并可沿食物链累积放大。2009年5月9日,全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）及其盐和全氟辛烷磺酰氟被正式列入持久性有机污染物（POPs）名单,由此全氟和多氟化合物成为近年最受关注的新型污染物,其环境问题研究进入到了新的广度和深度。本文将就其分析方法、环境存在、生物累积放大效应、人体暴露和健康效应、新型全氟和多氟化合物等方面的研究,特别是2009年PFOS等被纳入POPs公约以来取得的研究新进展,进行较为全面的综述,并在此基础上对有关发展趋势进行展望。     

生物法与化学法制备硫酸软骨素

硫酸软骨素（ChS）是一种天然的酸性黏多糖,生物活性多样,在医学、生物、制药、食品、化妆品和材料等领域均有广泛应用,特别是在治愈骨关节病上具有颇为理想的效果。本文系统地总结了有关硫酸软骨素及其类似物的生物与化学制备方法的研究进展,如高产微生物菌株筛选与改良,培养条件优化与调控,汇聚式合成策略构建,经济易得的起始物原料等,并指出制备硫酸软骨素中存在的问题以及发展方向。     

多环麝香(PCMs)的环境行为及毒性效应

多环麝香(PCMs)作为重要的人工合成麝香广泛应用于日用品中,目前在各种环境介质中都能检测到PCMs的存在。由于其持续不断地进入环境并能够在生物体内积累,其效应类似于持久性污染物。作为一类新型污染物,PCMs所引起的环境问题受到了广泛重视。本文介绍了PCMs的物理化学性质、来源以及在不同环境介质中的分析方法和污染现状,概述了其在环境中的降解转化、生物富集行为,并总结了其能产生的急性毒性效应、亚慢性毒性效应、内分泌干扰效应和其他潜在的毒性效应,最后讨论了目前研究中存在的问题,并对未来研究进行了展望。今后,应该建立有效的、可比对的标准分析方法,更加系统地进行环境污染现状、迁移转化规律和生物降解代谢途径的研究;重视暴露途径和生物有效性的研究,并与风险评价结合;结合环境中PCMs的污染现状,探讨低剂量长期暴露和复合暴露对生物的影响。     

Variation of gamma radiation shielding properties with incident photon energy and penetration depth for WC/Al composites

In this work, we examined the usefulness of the WC_x/Al_100?x composites (x?=?10, 20, 50, 80 wt. %) for gamma-ray shielding materials. The mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ), effective atomic number (Z_eff), electron density (N_e) and energy absorption buildup factor (EABF) and exposure buildup factor (EBF) for WC_x/Al_100?x composites have been calculated by theoretical approach using XCOM program within the energy range 1?keV–100?GeV, 10 keV–1?GeV, 10 keV–1?GeV and 0.015?MeV–15?MeV, respectively. The results showed that both the values of mass attenuation coefficient and Z_eff of the WC_x/Al_100?x composites tend to increase with the increase of the WC concentration. For the energy region below 3?MeV, the WC₈₀/Al₂₀ composite was found to possess superior gamma-ray shielding effectiveness due to its higher values of both mass attenuation coefficient and effective atomic number, and lower values of both EABF and EBF values. However, for the energy region above 3?MeV, the EBF and EABF values of the WC/Al composites are directly proportional to their Z_eff values, leading to the lowest EBF and EABF values of the WC₁₀/Al₉₀ composites.     

Remarkable room‐temperature magnetoresistance in silicon strip devices

In this paper, we report remarkable room‐temperature magnetoresistance (MR) in silicon strip devices. Saturating and non‐saturating MRs can be realized based on the measuring configurations with one top contact and ten top contacts, respectively. Using the one‐top‐contact measurement, a saturating MR ratio of ～400% is obtained at an applied voltage of only 1.0 V when the magnetic field is larger than 0.8 T. While the non‐saturating MR is achieved in the ten‐top‐contact measurement and the MR ratio is only ～155% for the 1.0 V applied voltage even under the magnetic field of 1.2 T. The differences for MR ratio values and change trends in these two measuring configurations are attributed to the enhanced Hall electric field with the increase of the top contact number.     

基于神经网络的系泊系统主动式截断试验仿真

系泊系统主动式截断试验技术对缆索数值模型的求解速度有着较高的要求,而基于集中质量模型或有限元模型的缆索数值模型在计算时需要在每个时间步内迭代求解,因此求解速度缓慢。为解决此问题,采用神经网络辨识得到缆索上端点与截断点运动的时域等价近似模型。该等价模型在每个时间步内无需迭代求解,因此求解速度快于传统的缆索数值模型。同时利用商软OrcaFlex以及Matlab搭建了系泊系统主动式截断试验的仿真平台,将离线辨识得到的神经网络模型代替集中质量模型对缆索截断点运动进行求解。通过对比截断水深以及全水深下张力以及运动结果,说明了神经网络模型代替传统数值模型进行截断点运动计算的可行性。     

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Bioactivity of Phenazine-1-carboxylic Acylhydrazone Derivatives

A phenazine-1-carboxylic acid intermediate was synthesized from the reaction of aniline and 2-bromo-3-nitro-benzoic acid. It was then esterified and reacted with hydrazine hydrate to afford phenazine-1-carboxylic hydrazine. Finally, 10 new hydrazone compounds 3a–3j were obtained by the condensation reaction of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid hydrazide and the respective aldehyde-containing compound. The structures were characterized by ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, MS and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The antitumor activity of the target compounds in vitro (HeLa and A549) was determined by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide. The results showed that compound (E)-N′-(2-hydroxy-4-(2-(piperidine-1-yl) ethoxy) benzyl) phenazine-1-carbonyl hydrazide 3d exhibited good cytotoxic activity.     

多元统计分析在塔里木瓦吉里塔格钒钛磁铁矿床多元素相关性及成矿预测研究中的应用

塔里木巴楚县瓦吉里塔格地区出露有与塔里木早二叠世大火成岩省的形成密切相关的大型钒钛磁铁矿床. 基于多元统计分析对该矿区露头和大量钻孔岩心样品中Fe-Ti-V元素和部分主量元素数据开展了元素地球化学相关性研究. 采用SPSS软件对大量数据进行相关分析和回归分析,计算各元素间的相关系数,Fe、Ti、V 3种元素的相关性分析结果表明： 矿床中Fe、Ti和V之间均呈正相关, 成矿元素与造岩元素之间存在负相关关系;建立伴生钒元素与铁和钛元素之间关系的回归方程V=-4.984+0.360 Fe+0.984Ti,由Fe和Ti元素质量分数可以估算伴生组分V的质量分数.利用Matlab软件的可视化功能,绘制了Fe-Ti-V元素质量分数的三维立体图,建立空间模型,发现Fe₂O_3T、TiO₂和V₂O₅品位较高的位置相对一致,均主要分布于研究区北部中间一带,富集在辉石岩中. 该空间模型的建立有助于识别矿体和非矿体的分布范围和富集趋势,并进行成矿预测. 此项研究对钒元素含量的精确估算和矿藏勘探有一定的指导意义.     

Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization of 18‐e Cobalt(I)‐Containing Norbornene and Application as Heterogeneous Macromolecular Catalyst in Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

In the last decades, metallopolymers have received great attention due to their various applications in the fields of materials and chemistry. In this article, a neutral 18‐electron exo‐substituted η⁴‐cyclopentadiene CpCo(I) unit‐containing polymer is prepared in a controlled/“living” fashion by combining facile click chemistry and ring‐opening meta­thesis polymerization (ROMP). This Co(I)‐containing polymer is further used as a heterogeneous macromolecular catalyst for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate and styrene.