Verification and Application of the Border Effect in Precision Measurement

Detection resolution is crucial for improvement of the measurement precision in the device and instrument. Because of the limited resolution, a fuzzy area with the truth-value as its center is found during the detection. The finding for improving the measurement precision by the border of fuzzy area is first introduced. The higher resolution can be captured by the higher resolution stability which makes the different detection results of the inner and outer fuzzy area on the border reflected more sensitively between the measure and the reference quantity. The system resolution obtained only depends on the stability of measurement resolution, which is much better than the mea~surement resolution itself. Based on the finding, the measurement precision can be improved two or three orders of magnitude. The finding can be used in various kinds of high precision measurement.     

1839年1月2日：第一个月球的达盖尔银版摄影

 无论从地面的望远镜,或像哈勃太空望远镜等仪器拍摄出高分辨率的星球彩色照片,是现今天文学研究的主要方法,但以前并非都是如此。在发明摄影术之前,天文学家必须将他们在望远镜中之所见手绘出来,时常会遗漏重要的细节;天文学家再将原先的初图重画复制,错误也不知不觉地存在画中。一直到达盖尔发明银版照相法后,天文学家才找到了更好的方法。     

高分辨率航拍图像实时记录方法

针对某型高分辨率航空摄像机输出数据流达到每秒200兆字节,常规方法难于实现图像数据实时记录的问题,提出一种自启动多通道混合同步直写SCSI硬盘的方法.通过新设计的状态控制器,优化了SCSI硬盘的记录时序,使多个并行记录通道能根据数据缓存器和硬盘的状态自动产生独立的直写脉冲,以混合同步的方式将数据高速记录到硬盘上.实验结果表明:该方法可使图像数据持续记录速率达到每秒200兆字节,储存容量可达280吉字节,且结构简单、实用.     

基于散斑成像技术的扩展目标高分辨率复原

大气湍流对实现扩展目标的高分辨率重建具有重要影响.针对此问题,本文提出了一种改进的散斑成像算法.传统散斑成像算法在相位恢复计算中存在双谱数据量大和计算复杂等问题,改进算法利用图像的厄米特对称性和查找表技术将相位恢复和双谱计算紧密结合,通过计算截止频率内的每个空间频率点邻域双谱和添加双谱坐标约束使得双谱数据量减小.建立傅里叶频域相邻两象限共用的坐标查找表,确定双谱和相位恢复计算顺序,避免了双谱的对称操作从而使得整个计算简单易行.仿真实验结果表明:改进算法相对于双谱截切法使得双谱数据量至少减少了24%并准确恢复出目标相位谱,恢复相位谱经过傅里叶逆变换后清晰地显示了目标的轮廓和结构,再结合Labeyrie-Kroff法得到了目标的高分辨率图像;最后对实际天文图像进行处理,使恢复后图像的分辨率相对于原始图像得到明显提高,并且改进算法以更少的计算时间获得了与双谱截切法几乎同样的恢复效果.     

Equivalent comparison and analysis between different nominal frequencies

We analyze the phenomena of phase group synchronization between the different nominal frequency signals and propose a new theory of the equivalent comparison between them. The exact expression of the equivalent comparison is deduced. High resolution frequency measurement and phase comparison can be realized using this theory with the divider. For avoiding the frequency mixing, multiplication and synthesis, the system phase noise is improved and the higher resolution comparison and measurement are achieved between the different nominal frequencies by theory.     

Electron momentum spectroscopy of NF3

The electronic structure of nitrogen trifluoride was investigated by combining the high-resolution electron momentum spectroscopy with the high-level calculations. The experimental binding energy spectra and the momentum distributions of each orbital were compared with the results of Hartree-Fock, density functional theory （DFT）, and symmetry-adapted- cluster configuration-interaction （SAC-CI） methods. SAC-CI and DFT-B3LYP with the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set can well reproduce the binding energy spectra and the observed momentum distributions of the valence orbitals except 1 a2 and 4e orbitals. It was found that the calculated momentum distributions using DFT-B3LYP are even better than those using the high-level SAC-CI method.     

封面图片说明

封面图为高分辨率热像仪所拍摄的某结构的红外热像图,从中可以清晰地看到物体经过时因热弹性效应导致的结构表面温度场的变化,进而判断出结构局部的高应力区域。疲劳热像法作为一种无损、实时、全场、非接触的测试手段,不仅可在较     

Measurement of water-leaving radiance on smooth water surfaces at different viewing angles using high-resolution spectroradiometer

This letter describes a method for calculating water-leaving radiance on smooth surfaces at differentangles based on Fresnel law and the polarized measurements using an ASD FS3 spectroradiometer. The spectroradiometer is mounted on a goniometer so that it views the water surface from a height of severaldecimeters at different viewing angles through a linear polarizing filter. The incident angles equal theviewing angles. The water-leaving radiance spectra acquired by other methods are compared with the polarized measurements from the smooth water surface, and the radiance spectra obtained by the proposedmethod are found to be consistent with the results of the reference methods. The current study provides another effective technique for measuring water-surface reflectance via remote sensing. Moreover, the method does not avoid the sun glint during the detection of water-leaving radiance in cases where the viewing geometric position is clear.     

High-peak-power,single-mode,nanosecond pulsed,all-fiber laser for high resolution 3D imaging LIDAR system

This study presents an eye-safe, single-mode, nanosecond-pulsed, and all-fiber laser source with master- oscillator-power-amplifier configuration at 1 550 nm that is suitable for high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) imaging light detection and ranging (LIDAR) system. The output peak power of 7.6 kW is obtained at the 1.2-ns pulse width and 50-kHz repetition rate. The single-mode pulse laser output ensures the range precision and imaging results of the LIDAR system. The laser is used as a transmitter for the 3D imaging LIDAR system. The detailed characteristics of the LIDAR system and the results of the 3D imaging are presented.     

Photoacoustic Imaging of Animals with an Annular Transducer Array

A photoacoustic system with an annular transducer array is presented for rapid, high-resolution photoacoustic tomography of animals. An eight-channel data acquisition system is applied to capture the photoacoustic signals by using multiplexing and the total time of data acquisition and transferring is within 3 s. A limited-view filtered back projection algorithm is used to reconstruct the photoacoustic images. Experiments are performed on a mouse head and a rabbit head and clear photoacoustic images are obtained. The experimental results demonstrate that this imaging system holds the potential for imaging the human brain.