电子衍射教学实验中的几个问题

本文教述了电子射线射入薄金片时产生的衍射环的分布规律以及衍射线指、标定的方法．     

加速器质谱测量53Mn及其在地球科学中的应用

宇宙成因核素 53Mn是一种非常理想的地貌演变研究工具。近年来, 随着加速器质谱（AMS）技术的不断发展, 人们已能够进行53Mn的高灵敏测量。介绍了53Mn在地球科学中的应用前景、 国际研究现状及中国原子能科学研究院目前正在开展的53Mn高灵敏AMS测量方法的研究。The determination of cosmogenic 53Mn concentrations found in terrestrial formations has many interesting applications for Earth Sciences. With Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) it should be possible to detect minute amounts of 53Mn. The situation of international research of 53Mn AMS measurement and applications are presented. The AMS measurement method of 53Mn at China Institute of Atomic Energy and its applications prospect are to be explored.     

Energy gap suppression and excess current in Tl_2Ba_2CaCu_2O_8 intrinsic Josephson junctions

Intrinsic Josephson junctions in misaligned Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8 thin film were fabricated on LaAlO3 substrate. The temperature dependence of the critical current is investigated around liquid nitrogen temperature. In the current voltage characteristic, large voltage jump and lack of resistive branch are observed, which shows good consistency with the intrinsic Josephson junctions. By analyzing the large gap voltage in the curve, great suppression of the energy gap is found. Through discussing the temperature dependence of the gap voltage in liquid nitrogen temperature, it is shown that this phenomenon can be caused by the non-equilibrium quasiparticle injection. The temperature influence on the excess current also confirms the non-equilibrium effect.     

循环加卸载损伤大理岩的动力学特性

利用MTS 815电液伺服岩石实验系统进行上限应力为80%、85%、90%、95%单轴抗压强度的大理岩单轴压缩循环加卸载实验，每种上限应力条件分别设置20、40、60、80次循环。再利用分离式Hopkinson压杆对损伤岩样进行动力学实验。分析了循环加卸载上限应力及循环次数对大理岩塑性应变的影响，揭示了大理岩动态力学参数和破碎吸收能随损伤变量的演化规律。实验结果表明:塑性应变与循环次数呈正相关，且上限应力越大，塑性应变趋于稳定所需的循环次数也会增大；动态单轴抗压强度、动态弹性模量随损伤变量增加呈指数衰减；破碎吸能占比以损伤变量D=0.343为临界点分为两个阶段，D＜0.343时，破碎吸能占比稳定在10%左右，数值约为13 J，当D＞0.343时破碎吸能占比随损伤变量增加不断增大。研究结果可为岩体工程的设计、施工及支护参数的选取提供参考。     

TOEPLITZ AND POSITIVE SEMIDEFINITE COMPLETION PROBLEM FOR CYCLE GRAPH

We present a sufficient and necessary condition for a so-called Cnk pattern to have positive semidefinite (PSD) completion. Since the graph of the Cnk pattern is composed by some simple cycles, our results extend those given in [1] for a simple cycle. We also derive some results for a partial Toeplitz PSD matrix specifying the Cnk pattern to have PSD completion and Toeplitz PSD completion.     

灰岩侵蚀速率的研究

测定不同地貌环境下的侵蚀速率是了解地表形成及演化的基础。目前,已有人用10Be/26Al双核素和宇宙成因核素36Cl来研究灰岩表面的侵蚀速率和暴露年龄。本工作通过36Cl的AMS测量计算了北京地区灰岩表面的侵蚀速率,其结果为(1.33±0.28)×10-5m.a-1。     

并联电阻对串联约瑟夫森结阵列相位锁定的影响研究

利用约瑟夫森结阵列制作毫米/亚毫米微波源的一个重要问题是阵列中约瑟夫森结的相位锁定.本文采用仿真的方法研究了约瑟夫森结RCSJ模型存在并联电阻时的相位锁定问题.研究结果包括约瑟夫森结临界电流的不一致性、McCumber参数和结的个数对能够实现相位锁定的参数范围的影响.结果对于约瑟夫森结阵列作为太赫兹产生和检测应用具有重要意义.     

SrTiO3基片上Tl-2212双晶约瑟夫森结的动态特性及噪声影响研究

在SrTiO₃（STO）基片上制作了Tl-2212双晶约瑟夫森结,并对其进行了微波辐照下的I-V特性测试,观察到了夏皮罗台阶,符合约瑟夫森电压-频率关系.利用数值仿真对约瑟夫森结建立了RCSJ模型,仿真结果与实验数据符合较好,利用此模型深入研究了噪声对结动态特性的影响,解释了噪声影响下结的微波感应台阶幅度减小和极小值展宽现象,提出了有效噪声温度为工作温度和外部噪声的等效温度之和. 关键词： RCSJ模型 噪声 Tl-2212双晶约瑟夫森结     

236U及其加速器质谱（AMS）测量

236U是一种长寿命放射性核素, 其半衰期为T_1/2=2.342(3)×107 a, 在自然界的含量极微, 天然铀中 236U/238U的原子比约为～10-14。 目前, 对于236U及其测量的研究报道较少。首先介绍了236U的产生, 并对地球中 236U的总量进行了估算。 概述了236U测定在亿年级中子注量率积分评估、 核环境和核活动监测, 以及地质学等领域中的重要应用。 最后,对国内外加速器质谱（AMS）测量236U的状况进行了综述,报道了中国原子能科学研究院AMS小组通过对同位素干扰鉴别的多方面研究, 初步建立了236UAMS测量方法。 236U is a longlived radionuclide with half life of 2.342(3)×107 a. The ratio of 236U/238U is about 10-14 in the natural Uranium. The origin and production of 236U in globe are introduced and estimated in this paper,respectively. The major applicationsion of 236U as a 100 million year neutron flux integrator,as a “fingerprint” for monitoring nuclear environment and nuclear activity,and as a tracer in geological studies are briefly summarized. The accelerator mass spectrometry(AMS) measurement of 236U in the world and the research on HI 13 tandem accelerator at China Institute of Atomic Energy(CIAE) is also mentioned in this paper.     

Excess 3H in the volcanic lakes: evidence for natural nuclear fusion

The excess ³H (tritium) have been observed in the volcanic lakes Nemrut (Turkey), Laacher (Germany) and Pavin (France). The ⁴He and ³He concentrations in Lakes Nemrut, Laacher, and Pavin were determined to be 25 and 190, 10 and 50, and 70 and 500 times larger than the atmospheric saturation value respectively. The isotopic ratio of the helium excess, ³He_ex/⁴He_ex, in Lakes Nemrut, Laacher and Pavin was (1.032±0.006)×10^－5, (7.42±0.03)×10^－6 and (9.09±0.01)×10^－6 respectively. The ³He/⁴He ratio of helium isotopes in the lake can help us to identify the origin of gas fluxes from the interior of the Earth. The ³He/⁴He ratios in the Lakes Nemrut, Laacher and Pavin clearly indicate that a large amount of helium isotopes were released to the lakes from mantle source. The excess ³H at the bottom of Lakes Nemrut, Laacher and Pavin have a good correlation with mantle ³He. We consider that the excess ³H might be also released from mantle source and both ³H and ³He might be produced by nuclear fusion (d-d reaction) in an environment rich in H atoms and (U+Th) at high temperature and high pressure condition in deep Earth.