Ni-Cu/Al_2O_3催化剂上顺酐液相选择加氢制丁二酸酐反应性能

以Al2O3为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了一系列Ni-Cu/Al2O3催化剂,用于顺酐液相加氢反应,并结合低温N2物理吸-脱附、H2程序升温还原、H2程序升温脱附、X射线衍射、CO程序升温表面反应等表征结果,详细考察了催化剂中Cu含量对其催化性能的影响.结果表明,Cu的引入提高了活性组分Ni的分散度,促进了催化剂上C=C的加氢活性;同时,由于Ni-Cu双金属间的相互作用,明显抑制了催化剂表面C=O的加氢.当Cu含量为7%时,催化剂上顺酐加氢定向合成丁二酸酐的活性最高.在210oC,H2压力5.0MPa的条件下反应40min时,顺酐转化率与丁二酸酐选择性均达100%.     

阳极氧化铝模板合成介孔CeO2纳米纤维及其光致发光性能

以多孔阳极氧化铝膜(AAO)为模板,将模板的纳米孔洞作为微腔反应器,以聚环氧乙烯醚-聚环氧丙烯醚-聚环氧乙烯醚三嵌段共聚物(P123)为致孔剂、Ce(NO3)3.6H2O为铈源、无水乙醇为溶剂合成前躯体,采用压力诱导的方法将前躯体注入到AAO孔道内,经加热处理后,在模板的纳米孔洞内合成了具有介孔结构的一维CeO2纳米材料。通过SEM、TEM、XRD、EDS和N2吸附-脱附进行表征,结果表明,所合成的介孔CeO2纳米纤维具有介孔结构和较大的比表面积,并考察了其光致发光性能。     

基于层层组装钴铝水滑石/聚电解质包裹碳纳米管的无酶葡萄糖传感器

采用共沉淀法合成了钴铝水滑石(CoAl-LDH),将CoAl-LDH与PSS包裹的CNTs(CNTs@PSS)通过层层自组装法构筑CNTs@PSS/CoAl-LDH多层膜电极,并将其应用于葡萄糖的分析测定。X射线衍射光谱、红外光谱和SEM表明:共沉淀法合成的CoAl-LDH具有典型的水滑石特征峰及形貌。电化学阻抗谱表明:CoAl-LDH可与CNTs@PSS均匀有效地组装构筑多层膜。电化学研究表明:CNTs的引入很好地提高了CoAl-LDH修饰电极的灵敏度。研究结果表明该传感器对葡萄糖在3.0×10-6～4.98×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性响应,灵敏度为1.03×10-3A.L/mol。     

Untersuchung von Strömungs- und Erstarrungsvorgängen beim kontinuierlichen Aluminiumguß

Beim Breitbandgießwalzen von Aluminium (Hunter-Anlage) und beim Gießwalzen von Schmalband (Rotary-Anlage) wurden Untersuchungen mit dem Radioisotop ¹⁹⁸Au durchgeführt, deren Ziel die qualitative und quantitative Verbesserung der Produktion von Aluminiumhalbzeugen auf diesen Anlagen war. Es wird gezeigt, daß das autoradiographische Verfahren eine geeignete Methode ist, um Probleme wie die optimale Gestaltung des Gießtraktes oder die Ermittlung der günstigslen Gießparameter zu lösen. Eine Gegenüberstellung von Autoradiogrammen und metallographischen Darstellungen zeigt, daß auch strukturelle Unterschiede im Metallgefüge mit Hilfe der Autoradiogramme besser interpretiert werden können und sich somit die Aussagekraft derartiger Untersuchungen erhöht.     

Aktivierungsanalytische Untersuchung von Zirkoniumlegierungen

Durch Aktivierungsanalyse mit Reaktorneutronen (zerstörungsfrei und mit chemischer Aufarbeitung) sowie mittels zerstörungsfreier Untersuchungen an einem Neutronengenerator wurden O, Al, Si, P, Mn, Cu, Nb, Mo, Cd, Ti, Cr und Hf in Zirkoniumlegierungen bestimmt.     

Kinetic analysis of dynamic point defect pinning in aluminium initiated by strain rate changes

The role of point defect production during deformation was examined by sealing the vacancy sinks in the grain boundaries with solutes to magnify its effect upon instantaneous strain-rate changes. AA1100 aluminium sheets were thermal-mechanically treated to result in a grain size of about 25 µm and in grain boundaries that were not capable of acting as efficient vacancy sinks. Tensile tests at various temperatures ranging from 78 to 300 K showed that above 195 K, the pinning effect could be quantitatively analysed. A rate equation analysis for mono- and di-vacancy recovery was adopted to perform fits to the deduced change in flow stress with time after strain-rate change from which apparent activation energies were derived. This examination indicates that the migrating species are predominantly di-vacancies. It is concluded that point-defect atmospheres have the capacity to glide in unison with mobile dislocations and hence are sensitive to the magnitude of the strain rate and temperature.     

Comparative Study on Heat Transfer Enhancement of Low Volume Concentration of Al2o3–Water and Carbon Nano-Tube–Water Nano-Fluids in Transition Regime Using Helical Screw Tape Inserts

This study reports the comparison of heat transfer and friction factor characteristics of helical screw inserts in Al₂O₃–water and carbon nano-tube–water nano-fluids through a straight pipe in transition regime with constant heat flux boundary condition. Experiments were carried out by using 0.15% volume concentration of Al₂O₃–water and carbon nano-tube–water nano-fluid with helical tape inserts of twist ratio, TR = 1.5, 2.5, and 3. The thermal performance of helical screw tape inserts with the carbon nano-tube–water nano-fluid is found -to be higher when compared to the Al₂O₃–water nano-fluid. In addition, the maximum enhancement in heat transfer was obtained for the carbon nano-tube–water nano-fluid with helical tape inserts of twist ratio 1.5. The increase in pressure drop of the Al₂O₃–water nano-fluid with helical screw tape inserts is found to be higher compared to the carbon nano-tube–water nano-fluid helical screw tape inserts at lower value of twist ratio.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定钇铝石榴石中掺杂Yb(Ⅲ)离子

采用碳酸钠-硼砂(质量比1：1)做熔剂分解钇铝石榴石,并确定了熔剂的最优化条件．以电感耦合等离子体光谱法对样品中掺杂Yb(Ⅲ)离子作了定量检测考察了样品和熔剂中单个基体和混合基体对分析结果的影响．发现单个基体Y对Yb的测定有增强效应．基体A1对Yb的测定有一定的抑制作用;基体对Yb测定的干扰可通过基体匹配进行消除元素的俭出限为2μg／L,标准加入回收率为88％～100％实际样品7次检测的RSD为2．1％。本方法可以较好地满足实际样品分析的需要。     

Microstructure investigation of equal channel angular pressed aluminium by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy

In the present work, investigations on the microstructure of a commercial purity 1100 aluminum that had been subjected to moderate to strong deformation (strains of 1 to 4) by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) were carried out using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microcopy (SEM). A significant grain refinement and development of heterogeneous microstructure after ECAP were observed. High precision XRD and SEM investigations provided useful results on the dissolution of coherent iron rich precipitates, previously formed in the aluminium matrix, by ECAP deformation process. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Optical and mechanical properties of AlF3 films produced by pulse magnetron sputtering of Al targets with CF4/O2 gas

In this study, AlF₃ thin films were deposited by pulse magnetron sputtering of Al targets with different ratios of CF₄/O₂ gas and at different sputtering powers. The optical and mechanical properties of the AlF₃ thin films were analyzed. The transmittance spectra showed no obvious negative inhomogeneous refractive indices. Denser films with a low optical absorption were obtained when high sputtering powers were used (larger than 30 W). The lowest extinction coefficient (7.3 × 10⁻⁴ at 193 nm) of the films can be reached with 12 sccm O₂ flow rate and at 160W sputtering power. All of the residual stresses were compressive and their trends were consistent with the refractive indices. The lowest compressive stress (0.068 GPa) was obtained when the AlF₃ films were prepared at 160W sputtering power.