钪元素对AB2型合金Zr1-xScxMn0.6V0.2Ni1.2Co0.1（x=0～1）储氢和电化学性能的影响

用真空电弧熔炼方法制备了Zr1-xScxMn0.6V0.2Ni1.2Co0.1(x=0～1)AB2型储氢合金,研究了Sc元素替代Zr对合金的微观组织结构、气态储氢及电化学性能的影响。研究结果表明,Zr1-xScxMn0.6V0.2Ni1.2Co0.1合金主要是由FCC型C15相、CsCl型结构的(ScZr)Ni相和少量的Ni10Zr7相组成,随Sc含量的增加,C15相丰度逐渐减小,(ScZr)Ni相丰度逐渐增加,当x=0.2时Ni10Zr7相基本消失;Sc元素对合金的首次气态吸氢动力学行为影响较大,随Sc含量的增加,合金吸氢动力学性能逐渐变缓,但吸氢容量逐渐提高,直至达x=1.0时的最大吸氢量1.87%;Sc元素对合金吸氢PCT曲线平衡氢压的影响规律不明显,随Sc含量增加,合金氢化物的形成焓ΔH从-26.66 kJ.mol-1逐渐减小到-8.14 kJ.mol-1。Sc元素的加入可明显改善合金电极的活化性能,提高放电容量,随Sc含量的增加,合金电极最大放电容量从x=0时的350.3 mAh.g-1增加到x=1时的429.8 mAh.g-1,呈先减小后增大的趋势,但电极容量的保持率S100随Sc含量增加而快速下降。     

科学家发现金属材料自我修复机制

自然界中的生物体和具有记忆功能的有机材料等,在遭受损伤时具有自我康复的功能。麻省理工学院的研究人员在一项金属特性实验中意外发现受损的金属也具有自我修复的功能。金属合金分子结构电脑模拟显示,微晶粒之间的边界会在压力下出现裂痕。大多数金属都是由细微的晶粒构成,这些晶粒的大小和方向能够影响金属的强度和特性。但在某些条件下,压力可以让这种晶粒的微观结构发生改变:使晶界(晶粒边界)发生移动,而晶界移动则是修复"创伤"的关键。     

Mechanically tunable broadband terahertz modulator based on high-aligned Ni nanowire arrays

We present a mechanically tunable broadband terahertz(THz) modulator based on the high-aligned Ni nanowire(NW)arrays. The modulator is a sandwich structure consisting of two polydimethylsiloxane layers and a central layer of highaligned Ni NW arrays. Our experimental measurements reveal the transmittance of THz wave can be effectively modulated by mechanical stretching. The NW density in arrays increases with the strain increasing, which induced an enhancement in the absorption of THz wave. When the strain increases from 0 to 6.5%, a linear relationship is observed for the variation of modulation depth(MD) of THz wave regarding the strain, and the modulated range is from 0 to 85% in a frequency range from 0.3 THz to 1.8 THz. Moreover, the detectable MD is about 15% regarding the 1% strain change resolution. This flexible Ni NW-based modulator can be promised many applications, such as remote strain sensing, and wearable devices.     

惰气熔融-红外光谱法测定镨钕镝中的氧

研究了惰性气体-红外光谱法测定镨钕镝合金中的氧,采用石墨套坩埚和高纯镍篮,在4500W的分析功率下,对0.1g实际样品进行分析,取得了满意的效果。实验结果表明,样品释放完全,测定结果相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为1.9%,以GSBH40104—1996标准样品(ω(O)/%=0.00943)进行加标回收实验,回收率测量结果为95%～108%。     

ICP-OES法测定镍铬合金中Si，Mn，Fe，Ti，Al，Cu多种元素

建立了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定镍铬合金中Si,Mn,Fe,Ti,Al,Cu元素含量的分析方法。确定了溶样方法和分析谱线,采用基体匹配消除干扰。对方法精密度和准确度进行实验,实验结果表明,各元素的相对标准偏差均小于3%,加标回收率在86.8%～106.9%,镍铬合金标准物质的各元素测定结果均与标准值一致。所建立的方法快速、准确,适用于镍铬合金中多元素同时测定。     

基于第一性原理的AlGaN合金热电性质研究

热电材料能够实现热能与电能的转换,在缓解能源危机领域起着很重要的作用.目前热电材料的研究主要集中在Bi2Te3,PbTe等由重金属组成的化合物半导体和合金材料上,存在有毒有害物质,并巨一般只能应用在较低温度区域,因此新型热电材料成为目前热电领域研究的热点.论文基于第一性原理和玻尔兹曼输运理论对不同组分和不同导电类型AlGaN材料的电子结构和热电性质进行了研究.电子结构计算结果表明随着Al组分的提高,AlGaN的禁带宽度不断的增大,并巨AlGaN的能带结构存在能谷汇聚的现象,这种能谷汇聚可以有效的提高材料的塞贝克系数.热电性质计算结果表明AlGaN材料的ZT值随着Al组分的增加先增加后降低,在Al组分为0.5时ZT值最高,相对于GaN的ZT值可以提高70;以上;P型AlGaN 的热电性质要优于N 型AlGaN 材料,P型Al0.5Ga0.5N 材料的ZT值在1100 K时最高可以达到0.077,N型的Al0.5Ga0.5N材料的ZT值在相同温度时大约为0.037.     

Ni/Al2O3 catalysts for CO methanation: Effect of Al2O3 supports calcined at different temperatures

The correlation between phase structures and surface acidity of Al2O3 supports calcined at different temperatures and the catalytic performance of Ni/Al2O3 catalysts in the production of synthetic natural gas(SNG) via CO methanation was systematically investigated. A series of 10 wt% NiO/Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by the conventional impregnation method, and the phase structures and surface acidity of Al2O3 supports were adjusted by calcining the commercial γ-Al2O3 at different temperatures(600–1200 C). CO methanation reaction was carried out in the temperature range of 300–600 C at different weight hourly space velocities(WHSV = 30000 and 120000 mL·g-1h-1) and pressures(0.1 and 3.0 MPa). It was found that high calcination temperature not only led to the growth in Ni particle size, but also weakened the interaction between Ni nanoparticles and Al2O3 supports due to the rapid decrease of the specific surface area and acidity of Al2O3 supports. Interestingly, Ni catalysts supported on Al2O3 calcined at 1200 C(Ni/Al2O3-1200) exhibited the best catalytic activity for CO methanation under different reaction conditions. Lifetime reaction tests also indicated that Ni/Al2O3-1200 was the most active and stable catalyst compared with the other three catalysts, whose supports were calcined at lower temperatures(600, 800 and 1000 C). These findings would therefore be helpful to develop Ni/Al2O3 methanation catalyst for SNG production.     

Ni掺杂β-Ga2O3单晶的光、电特性研究

本文使用导模(EFG)法生长了Ni掺杂β-Ga₂O₃单晶，并通过粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)和劳厄衍射(Laue diffraction)分别验证了其晶体结构和晶体质量。进一步通过紫外-可见-近红外透过光谱及红外透过光谱研究了Ni²⁺掺杂对β-Ga₂O₃光学特性的影响，发现其(100)面的紫外截止边为252.9 nm,对应的光学带隙为4.74 eV。此外，阴极荧光(CL)光谱测试结果显示，Ni²⁺掺杂β-Ga₂O₃单晶在600～800 nm具有宽带近红外发光特性，有望拓宽β-Ga₂O₃单晶材料在宽带近红外方面的应用。     

Metal-organic framework derived NiCoP hollow polyhedrons electrocatalyst for pH-universal hydrogen evolution reaction

Hollow nanostructures have attracted increasing research interest in hydrogen evolution reaction owing to their unique structural features.Herein,Ni-Co mixed metal phosphide hollow and porous polyhedrons was successfully composited(expressed as NiCoP).Benefiting from the synergistic effects of ZIF-67 by doping Ni elements and the well-defined hollow and porous structure,the as-synthesized NiCoP hollow and porous polyhedrons exhibit better electrochemical properties and mechanical stability for hydrogen evolution reaction over a pH-universal range,with a small Tafel slopes of 72,101,176 mV/dec,and a low overpotential of 82,102,261 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm² in 0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄,1 mol/L KOH and1 mol/L phosphate buffer solution(PBS).This general strategy can also be applied to fabricate other hollow cobalt-based phosphides and MOFs-derived materials for HER.     

Magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effects in amorphous and crystalline Gd55Co35Ni10 ribbons

The magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effects of amorphous and crystalline Gd55Co35Ni10 ribbons are investigated.A main phase with a Ho 12 Co 7-type monoclinic structure(space group P21/c) and a minor phase with a Ho4Co3-type hexagonal structure(space group P63/m) are obtained for crystalline ribbon after annealing.The amorphous ribbons order ferromagnetically and undergo a second-order transition at 192 K.For crystalline Gd55Co35Ni10 ribbons,two magnetic phase transitions occur at 158 and 214 K,respectively.The peak value of-△SM under a field change of 0-5 T is 6.5 J/kg K at 192 K for amorphous Gd55Co35Ni10 ribbons.A relatively large magnetic entropy change(～5.0 J/kg K) under a field change of 0-5 T for the crystalline Gd55Co35Ni10 ribbons is obtained in the temperature interval range of 154-214 K.The large platform of magnetic entropy change and the negligible thermal/magnetic hysteresis loss mean the crystalline Gd55Co35Ni10 compound can satisfy the requirement of the Ericsson-type refrigerator working in the temperature range from 154K to 214K.