Insulating Polymers as Additives to Bulk-Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells: The Effect of Miscibility

Adding insulating polymers to conjugated polymers is an efficient strategy to tailor their mechanical properties for flexible organic electronics. In this work, we selected two insulating polymers as additives for high-performance photoactive layers and investigated the mechanical and photovoltaic properties in organic solar cells (OSCs). The insulating polymers were found to reduce the electron mobilities in the photoactive layers, and hence the power conversion efficiencies were significantly decreased. More importantly, we found that the insulating polymers exhibited negative effect on the mechanical properties of the photoactive layers, with reduced Young's modulus and low crack onset strains. Further studies revealed that the insulating polymers had poor miscibility with the photoactive layers, providing large domains and more cavities in blend thin films, which act as negative effect for the tensile test. The studies indicate that rational selection of insulating polymers, especially enhancing the non-covalent interaction with the photoactive layers, will be critically important for the stretchable OSCs.     

Control of pore environment in highly porous carbon materials for C2H6/C2H4 separation with exceptional ethane uptake

Adsorptive separation of C₂H₆ from C₂H₄ by adsorbents is an energy-efficient and promising method to boost the polymer grades C₂H₄ production. However, that C₂H₆ and C₂H₄ display very similar physical properties, making their separation extremely challenging. In this work, by regulating the pore environment in a family of chitosan-based carbon materials (C-CTS-1, C-CTS-2, C-CTS-4, and C-CTS-6)- we target ultrahigh C₂H₆ uptake and C₂H₆/C₂H₄ separation, which exceeds most benchmark carbon materials. Explicitly, the C₂H₆ uptake of C-CTS-2 (166 cm³/g at 100 kPa and 298 K) has the second-highest adsorption capacity among all the porous materials. In addition, C-CTS-2 gives C₂H₆/C₂H₄ selectivity of 1.75 toward a 1:15 mixture of C₂H₆/C₂H₄. Notably, the adsorption enthalpies for C₂H₆ in C-CTS-2 are low (21.3 kJ/mol), which will facilitate regeneration in mild conditions. Furthermore, C₂H₆/C₂H₄ separation performance was confirmed by binary breakthrough experiments. Under different ethane/ethylene ratios, C-CTS-X extracts a low ethane concentration from an ethane/ethylene mixture and produces high-purity C₂H₄ in one step. Spectroscopic measurement and diffraction analysis provide critical insight into the adsorption/separation mechanism. The nitrogen functional groups on the surface play a vital role in improving C₂H₆/C₂H₄ selectivity, and the adsorption capacities depend on the pore size and micropore volume. Moreover, these robust porous materials exhibit outstanding stability (up to 800 °C) and can be easily prepared on a large scale (kg) at a low cost (～$26 per kg), which is very significant for potential industrial applications.     

医学留学生化学实验全英文教学资源建设与实践*

针对目前化学实验全英文在线教学资源匹配度较低、相对匮乏等问题,以医学留学生为中心,建设了有声课件、模块化实景实验操作视频以及测试题库3种不同类型的化学实验全英文教学资源,通过资源的线下使用和基于雨课堂的在线预习,实现从“集中、定时、定点”的传统教学模式向“模块化、碎片化、信息化”的混合教学模式转变,可以丰富教学资源和教学手段,改进教学秩序,提高医学留学生化学知识和技能学习的积极性和主动性,使“教”“学”良性循环,可切实提高化学实验国际化教学质量。     

Donor-Acceptor Typed AIE Luminogens with Near-infrared Emission for Super-resolution Imaging

Aggregation-induced emission(AIE)luminogens(AIEgens)with high brightness in aggregates exhibit great potentials in biological imaging,but these AIEgens are seldom applied in super-resolution biological imaging,especially in the imaging by using the structural illumination microscope(SIM).Based on this consideration,we synthesized the donor-acceptor typed AIEgen of DTPA-BTN,which not only owns high brightness in the near-infrared(NIR)emission region from 600 nm to 1000 nm(photoluminescence quantum yield,PLQYs=11.35%),but also displays excellent photo-stability.In addition,AIE nanoparticles based on 4,7-ditriphenylamine-[1,2,5]-thiadiazolo[3,4-c]pyridine(DTPA-BTN)were also prepared with highly emissive features and excellent biocompatibility.Finally,the developed DTPA-BTN-based AIE nanoparticles were applied in the super-resolution cellular imaging via SIM,where much smaller full width at half-maximum values and high signal to noise ratios were obtained,indicating the superior imaging resolution.The results here imply that highly emissive AIEgens or AIE nanoparticles can be promising imaging agents for super-resolution imaging via SIM.     

共轭微孔聚合物的制备与应用

共轭微孔聚合物(CMPs)是一类有机多孔聚合物,与常规共轭聚合物或多孔材料相比,其最大的特点是既有π共轭骨架又具有大量微孔。这类材料在解决能源和环境问题方面显示出巨大的潜力,已在气体吸附、非均相催化、发光材料、化学传感器、电能存储和生物杂化物等领域显示出巨大的应用前景。目前已开发出多种用于CMPs结构单元设计与合成的新方法,用于制备具有不同结构和特定性质的多种CMPs,有效推动了该领域的快速发展。本综述总结了CMPs的理论模型和结构设计,合成原理、常用合成方法和影响因素分析,以及CMPs在各领域的应用。     

过渡元素掺杂Fe_3O_4(001)表面磁电性能的理论研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,计算Fe_3O_4,Fe_3O_4(001)表面以及过渡元素掺杂表面的电子结构和磁性。结果表明Fe_3O_4的半金属性主要来源于B位Fe离子,并且Fe的3d轨道发生强烈自旋极化;比较(001)表面不同终端A和B终端的表面能和电子结构,得出两种终端稳定性存在差异且A终端较稳定同时表现半金属性;由过渡元素V、Cr、Mn、Co、Cu和Zn取代Fe_3O_4(001)表面A终端A位Fe进行掺杂,形成的6种新表面结构都保持了半金属性。对比它们的表面能和磁矩,Mn掺杂的表面结构最稳定并且磁矩明显增大。     

医用有机化学教学经验谈

就医用有机化学教学中的绪论课讲授、教学过程设计、教学内容组织、前沿知识补充谈了点滴经验,希望对培养和提高学生的学习兴趣和科学思维能力有所帮助。     

A Sodium-Ion-Conducting Direct Formate Fuel Cell: Generating Electricity and Producing Base

A barrier that limits the development of the conventional cation-exchange membrane direct liquid fuel cells (CEM-DLFCs) is that the CEM-DLFCs need additional base to offer both alkaline environment and charge carriers. Herein, we propose a Na⁺-conducting direct formate fuel cell (Na-DFFC) that is operated in the absence of added base. A proof-of-concept Na-DFFC yields a peak power density of 33 mW cm⁻² at 60 °C, mainly because the hydrolysis of sodium formate provides enough OH⁻ and Na⁺ ions, proving the conceptual feasibility. Moreover, contrary to the conventional chlor-alkali process, this Na-DFFC enables to generate electricity and produce NaOH simultaneously without polluting the environment. The Na-DFFC runs stably during 13 hours of continuous operation at a constant current of 10 mA, along with a theoretical production of 195 mg NaOH. This work presents a new type of electrochemical conversion device that possesses a wide range of potential applications.     

Modifications on reduced titanium dioxide photocatalysts: A review

A large variety of reduced titanium dioxide (TiO_2-x) materials have been reported recently. Reduced TiO₂, usually resulting from the removal of oxygen atoms or hydrogen incorporation, is proved to be efficient for achieving highly photocatalytic performance including photodegradation of organic compounds, hydrogen generation from water splitting, CO₂ reduction for CH₄ evolution, solar cells, etc. To further improve the properties and activities of TiO_2-x, a combination of the Ti³⁺ self-doping and other traditional modifications like nonmetals doping has been proposed in the past decades. This paper provides a general and critical review on the further modifications on reduced TiO₂ samples, including non-metal elements (N, B, S, F and I) doping, noble-metal (Au, Pt, Pd and Ag) and iron-group metal (Fe, Co and Ni) grafting, metal oxide compositing, carbon (nanotubes and graphene) and carbon-based-material compositing, special facets exposure (mainly dual {001}-{101} and {111}-{110} facets) of TiO_2-x and ordered structure controlling of TiO_2-x. These modifications enhance the physical and/or chemical properties of the reduced TiO₂, or create new features for the modified TiO_2-x samples, which finally leads to the enhancement of photocatalytic performance. Key examples such as N-doping, Au grafting and graphene-based compositing are discussed carefully, and the mechanisms for solar light enhancement, electron transfer and charge separation are also investigated. Finally, some challenging issues on TiO_2-x catalysts are also proposed to encourage new approaches for preparation of TiO_2-x catalysts with efficiently photocatalytic performance.