CRYSTALLIZATION AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYPROPYLENE FILLED WITH SiO2 NANOPARTICLES

Oleic acid （OA）-modified SiO2 （OA-m-SiO2） nanoparticles were prepared using surface modification method. Infrared spectroscopy （IR） was used to investigate the structure of the OA-m-SiO2 nanoparticles, and the result showed that OA attached onto the surface of SiO2 nanoparticles through esterification. Effect of OA concentration on the dispersion stability of OA-m-SiO2 in heptane was also studied, and the result indicated that OA-m-SiO2 nanoparticles were dispersed in heptane more stably than the unmodified ones. OA-m-SiO2 nanoparticles can also be dispersed in polypropylene （PP） matrix in nano-scale. The effect of OA-m-SiO2 on crystallization of PP was studied by means of DSC. It was found that the introduction of OA-m-SiO2 resulted in significant increase in the crystallization temperature, crystallization degree and crystallization rate of PP, and OA-m-SiO2 could effectively induce the formation of β-crystal PP. Effect of OA-m-SiO2 content on mechanical properties of PP/OA-m-SiO2 nanocomposites was also studied. The results show that OA-m-SiO2 can significantly improve the mechanical properties of PP.     

纳米二氧化锆在甲醇合成催化剂Cu/Ga2O3/ZrO2中的作用

The introduction of mesoporous nanosize zirconia to the catalyst for methanol synthesis dedicates the nanosized catalyst and mesoporous duplicated properties. The catalyst bears the larger surface area, larger mesoporous volume and more uniform diameter, more surface metal atoms and oxygen vacancies than the catalyst prepared with the conventional coprecipitation method. The modification of microstructure and electronic effect could result in the change of the reduced chemical state and decrease of reducuction temperature of copper, donating the higher activity and methanol selectivity to the catalyst. The results of methanol synthesis demonstrate that the Cu^＋ is the optimum active site. Also, the interaction between the copper and zirconia shows the synergistic effect to fulfil the methanol synthesis.     

冀北滦平地区中生代火山岩中单颗粒锆石的稀土元素特征及启示

通过对滦平地区中生代火山岩中锆石的稀土元素分析,表明髫髻山组顶部火山岩样品中锆石δEu的均值为0.49,（Lu/Gd）N的均值为21.87;然而,土城子组顶部层位、底部层位和张家口组底部层位火山岩样品中锆石的δEu均值分别为0.15,0.06和0.09,（Lu/Gd）N的均值分别为14.51,15.66和16.25.反映了土城子组中锆石的稀土元素特征与张家口组中锆石特征的一致性,而与髫髻山组中的锆石有较大的区别,表明土城子组与张家口组中的火山岩有明显的亲缘性和一致性.结合同位素测年结果和锆石的阴极发光特征,可以认为： 该地区的髫髻山组与土城子组之间不仅时间间隔长,而且火山岩的源区也有较大的区别;土城子组与张家口组之间不仅在时间上基本连续,而且火山岩的源区也有明显的一致性;该分析结果暗示了滦平地区的土城子组与张家口组之间不存在时间的间断和大的构造界面,是相同（或相近）地质背景下形成的,即二者之间应不存在构造转换界面和J3-K1界面.研究表明,在壳源岩浆锆石的稀土元素分析中,（Lu/Gd）N,δEu是相对稳定的、有指示意义的两个重要参数;壳源岩浆锆石的∑LREE的值变化范围较大,尤其是La的丰度变化范围较大,所以在锆石的稀土元素分析中,与La相关的各种比值的指示意义并不明显.     

碳质颗粒添加物对渣油热反应生焦的影响

在高压反应釜中研究了三种不同碳质颗粒添加物对克拉玛依常压渣油420℃氮气气氛下热反应生焦的影响。实验结果表明，反应初期碳质颗粒在一定程度上抑制渣油的热反应生焦。碳质颗粒抑制生焦的能力与其表面对极性组分的润湿吸附能力有直接关系，表面易被极性组分润湿的颗粒吸附沥青质的能力强，其抑制渣油生焦的能力也强。碳质颗粒对沥青质的吸附能力和抑制生焦的能力与其比表面积没有直接关系。生焦量随反应时间的变化表明，碳质颗粒在生焦的初期有抑制生焦的作用，后期有促进作用。对甲苯不溶物（TI）的扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和热重（TG）分析表明，和不含添加物的TI相比，含添加物的TI中，小球状甲苯不溶物的数量少、直径小。沥青质和生焦前驱相在碳质颗粒添加物表面的吸附和铺展作用是抑制渣油生焦的主要原因，该作用可以限制生焦前驱相的融并长大，在反应的初始阶段减少生焦量。     

溶剂热法制备纳米氧化镍及其表征

以乙酰丙酮镍、油酸、油胺为原料，十八烯为溶剂，聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为表面活性剂，采用溶剂热法，在不同反应条件制备了纳米级氧化镍材料.通过X射线衍射（X-ray diffraction，XRD）、透射电子显微镜（Transmission electron microscope，TEM）、紫外-可见光吸收光谱（Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy，UV-Vis）光谱分析以及塔菲尔（Tafel）测试考察了反应物比例、保温时间、表面活性剂（PVP）、油胺的量对产物微结构、粒径、形貌、光学以及电化学活性性能的影响.实验结果表明：在反应物n[Ni（acac）₂]∶n（OA）=1∶2、添加剂PVP质量分数为1.66%、油胺物质的量为30 mmol、200℃下保温8 h时，可获得粒径约为30～40 nm纯相氧化镍，具有最佳电化学活性，交换电流密度为J₀=1.23×10^-2 mA·cm^-2.     

高温下淀粉的凝胶化作用

凝胶化作用是淀粉及改性产品生产过程中存在的一种现象。淀粉凝胶化作用的结果导致了在其产品中产生了只溶胀但不溶解的颗粒,从而影响了淀粉产品的整体性能。文章初步探讨了淀粉在高温成型过程中凝胶化作用的方式和起因。结果表明,淀粉浆料在高温成型过程中所产生的凝胶团粒是淀粉不完整的凝胶化作用的结果,足量的水分和高温是形成较多的凝胶化淀粉颗粒的原因。     

Ni－La_2O_3复合镀层的氧化行为及机制

通过对金属镍、镍镀层及Ｎｌ－Ｌａ２ｏ３复合愤层于９００℃、１０００℃时的恒温氧化实验，发现Ｎｌ－Ｌａ２Ｏ３复合镀层的氧化行为明显改善。高分辨电子显徽镜（ＨＲＥＭ）的观测研究表明，Ｎｉ－Ｌａ２Ｏ３复合铰层氧化时，纳米尺寸的ｋａ２Ｏ３颗粒掺人到氧化层中，形成了ＮｉＯ－Ｌａ２Ｏ３复合氧化物层；在氧化层晶界发现了异常原子排列的新现象。由此认为，Ｎｉ－Ｌａ２Ｏ３复合镀层抗高温氧化性能的提高，主要归因于小尺寸的纳米颗粒可微量溶解，成为Ｌａ（３＋）的晶界们聚“源”，阻止Ｎｉ（２＋）的短路向外扩散，从而改善了氧化层的微观结构和生长机制。     

含湿相变粗糙多孔材质的热质耦合分形研究

多孔材质复杂的内部结构和含湿状态对传热和传质特性有着重要意义,其热质耦合传递过程广泛存在于能源开发和工程隔热等领域。不同于在多孔材质理想状态下对传热和传质特性的单方面分析,该文将孔道的分布参数、粗糙表面、含湿状态和相变等因素考虑进去,运用分形理论推导出了含湿相变粗糙表面多孔材质的渗流系数和耦合等效导热系数的表达式。结果表明,渗流系数与面积分形维数、含湿饱和度呈正相关,与相对粗糙度、迂曲分形维数呈负相关;耦合等效导热系数与渗流系数、相变量呈正相关,与相对粗糙度呈负相关。此外,结果还表明,相变量以及相变引起的气体膨胀压强差对热质耦合传递也有着重要影响。     

Electrooxidation Mechanism of Methanol at Pt-Ru Catalyst Modified GC Electrode in Electrolytes with Different pH Using Electrochemical and SERS Techniques

The electrochemical and in-situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy （SERS） techniques were used to investigate the electrooxidation behavior of methanol in acidic, neutral and alkaline media at a Pt-Ru nanoparticle modified glassy carbon （Pt-Ru/GC） electrode. The results showed that methanol could be dissociated spontaneously at the Pt-Ru/GC electrode to produce a strongly adsorbed intermediate, CO. It was found that CO could be oxidized more easily in the alkaline medium than in the acidic and neutral media. The peak potential of methanol oxidation was shifted from 0.663 and 0.708 V in the acidic and neutral media to -0.030 V in the alkaline medium, which is due to that the adsorption strength of CO on the Pt surface in the alkaline medium is weaker than that in the acidic and neutral media. The final product of the methanol oxidation is CO2. However, in the alkaline medium, CO2 produced would form CO3^2- and HCO3^- resulting in the decrease in the alkaline concentration and then in the decrease in the performance of DMFC. Therefore, the performance of the alkaline DMFC is not Stable.     

新型高活性催化剂乙烯气相聚合的研究（Ⅱ）——改性剂,预聚…

研究了新型高活性乙烯气相聚合催化剂ＴｉＣｌ４／ＭｇＣｌ２／ＺｎＣｌ２／ＳｉＣｌ４醇／Ａｌ（ｉ－Ｂｕ）３体系中不同醇、不同Ｃ２Ｈ５ＯＨ／Ｔｉ摩尔比和正丁醚对聚合反庆及产物颗粒形态的影响，研究了预聚合反应及乙烯气相聚合反应规律，用扫描电镜和图象分析对催化剂、预聚物和聚合产物的形态和颗粒分布的研究表明：新型高活性催化剂和经预聚合制得的乙烯气相聚合物的颗粒形态类似球形，颗粒长短轴比值和大小粒径比值相近。