稀土尾矿中氟碳铈矿分解反应动力学研究

分解反应动力学可以深入分析氟碳铈矿分解反应过程,基于程序升温热重和质谱数据,采用Li Chung-Hsiung方法和Malek方法确定了氟碳铈矿分解反应过程的最概然机理函数、活化能和指前因子。热重实验结果表明,氟碳铈矿在空气和N₂气氛围下400～600℃温度范围内分解,空气氛围更有利于氟碳铈矿分解反应的进行,分解过程可用A模型很好地描述,即氟碳铈矿分解反应的速率控制步骤包含产物成核、核增长和核吸收长大。空气氛围下,氟碳铈矿分解反应过程活化能和指前因子分别为17.657～24.885 kJ·mol^-1和6.223～29.653 min^-1;N₂气氛围下,氟碳铈矿分解反应过程活化能和指前因子分别为25.532～30.236 kJ·mol^-1和36.882～64.250 min^-1,基于最概然机理函数、活化能和指前因子,建立了N₂气和空气氛围下的稀土尾矿中氟碳铈矿的分解反应动力学模型。     

Ni2P-NiS双助剂促进g-C3N4光催化产氢动力学

本文通过简单的一步水热法得到Ni₂P-NiS双助催化剂,之后采用溶剂蒸发法将Ni₂P-NiS与g-C₃N₄纳米片结合构建获得无贵金属的Ni₂P-NiS/g-C₃N₄异质结。研究结果表明,优化后的复合材料具有良好的光催化产氢活性,其产氢速率最高可到6892.7 μmol·g^-1·h^-1,分别为g-C₃N₄ (150 μmol·g^-1·h^-1)、15%NiS/g-C₃N₄ (914.5 μmol·g^-1·h^-1)和15%Ni₂P/g-C₃N₄ (1565.9 μmol·g^-1·h^-1)的46.1、7.5和4.4倍。这主要归因于Ni₂P-NiS相比Ni₂P和NiS单体具有更好的载流子转移能力,其与g-C₃N₄形成的肖特基势垒能有效促进光生载流子在二者界面上的分离,同时Ni₂P-NiS能进一步降低析氢过电势,进而显著增强了表面析氢反应动力学。本研究为开发稳定、高效的非贵金属产氢助剂提供了实验基础。     

A SINGULAR VALUE DECOMPOSITION BASED TRUNCATION ALGORITHM IN SOLVING THE STRUCTURAL DAMAGE EQUATIONS

The structural damage identification through modal data often leads to solving a set of linear equations. Special numerical treatment is sometimes required for an accurate and stable solution owing to the ill conditioning of the equations. Based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) of the coefficient matrix, an error based truncation algorithm is proposed in this paper. By rejection of selected small singular values, the influence of noise can be reduced. A simply-supported beam is used as a simulation example to compare the results to other methods.Illustrative numerical examples demonstrate the good efficiency and stability of the algorithm in the nondestructive identification of structural damage through modal data.     

CARBON NANOTUBES VIA METHANE DECOMPOSITION ON AN ALUMINA SUPPORTED COBALT AEROGEL CATALYST

An alumina-supported cobalt aerogel catalyst prepared from a sol-gel and a supercritical drying method was used in the catalytic decomposition of methane.The physical-chemical properties of the catalyst were characterized and its activity for methane decomposition was investigated.The effects of calcination and reaction temperatures on the activity of the catalyst and the morphology of the carbon nanotubes produced were discussed.A COAl2O4 spinel structure formed in the calcined catalyst.The quantity of the nanotubes produced in the reaction increases with the amount of cobalt in the reduced catalyst.A higher reaction temperature leads to a higher reaction rate,though faster deactivation of the catalyst occurs with the change.The carbon nanotubes grown on the catalyst have smooth walls and uniform diameter distribution.     

部分输入未知条件下结构动力复合反演的分解算法

在充分利用部分输入已确知而部分输入未知的激励特性的基础上，提出了结构动力复合反演的分解算法，该算法从源头上消除了迭代过程中参数识别与荷载反演的相互影响，降低了问题的计算规模。对于线性参数系统，该算法不经过任何迭代计算即可一次性完成结构参数识别及荷载反演。将其与松弛法结合，可解决非线性参数系统的识别问题，与文献[4]的方法比较，其收敛速度有显著提高。     

晶体位错尺寸效应的多尺度分析

本文采用准连续介质多尺度方法，分析了面心立方（fcc）晶体铝阶梯孪晶界在不同尺寸情况下（试件尺寸长高比从1：1到8：1）受剪切作用的晶界变形。了解在不同尺寸下，晶界结构位错的成核过程，得到了大试件比值与小试件比值下作用力与应变的关系曲线及不同试件尺寸下应变能的变化曲线。其中随着试件比值的增加，作用力在应变比较小的时候变化情况相似，但当应变达到3％以后，呈现出明显的不同；应变能随试件长高比的增大而减小，各个试件在各自不同的加载阶段，应变能变化趋势同作用力变化趋势相一致。本计算揭示了不同尺寸下阶梯孪晶界在剪切作用下的微观机理，证实其尺寸效应性质。     

EMD-RLS联合滤波算法及其在北斗多路径削弱误差中的应用

多路径误差是全球导航卫星系统高精度定位的主要误差源。针对北斗导航定位系统的多路径特性,结合经验模态分解(EMD)和递归最小二乘算法(RLS)算法的优势,提出了一种EMD-RLS联合滤波算法来削弱北斗多路径特性的影响。首先,利用EMD将原始信号分解成固有模态函数(IMF),利用两个指标将其细化成三类,即噪声IMFs、混合IMFs和信息IMFs;然后,利用RLS算法对混合IMFs进行滤波,将经RLS滤波后得到的"干净"的数据与信息IMFs进行重构,最终达到去噪结果,即得到北斗多路径误差改正模型。仿真数据和北斗实测数据的处理结果表明:EMD-RLS算法相对于EMD和RLS算法,降噪效果更好;其建立的多路径误差改正模型有效地削弱多路径效应的影响,N、E、U三个方向精度分别提高了39%、70%、58%。     

有限变形梯度“和分解”的存在性与客观性

本文使用张量的不变表示,对有限变形梯度“和分解”的存在性、唯一性和客观性进行了讨论.对该分解的存在条件给出了严谨的证明;指出在几何大变形条件下这种分解是有条件的,对观察者有强烈的依赖性,因而是不客观的.这说明,如何使用这一分解还有待进一步的研究.     

点群10mm十次对称二维准晶中的两类接触问题

采用复变函数法探讨了在一个刚性压头作用下十次对称二维准晶材料的两类接触问题,即具有有限摩擦的接触问题以及粘结接触问题.特别地对于平底压头,获得了表征声子场和相位子场的全纯函数的显式表达式,以及在压头上的接触应力分布.结果显示,对于具有有限摩擦的接触问题,接触应力在接触区边缘具有实指数奇异性-1／2±β,其中β由准晶体的材料常数及静摩擦系数确定;而对于粘结接触问题,接触应力在接触区边缘具有振荡型奇异性-1／2±iε,其中ε由准晶体的材料常数确定.     

HIGH PERFORMANCE SPARSE SOLVER FOR UNSYMMETRICAL LINEAR EQUATIONS WITH OUT-OF-CORE STRATEGIES AND ITS APPLICATION ON MESHLESS METHODS

A new direct method for solving unsymmetrical sparse linear systems(USLS) arising from meshless methods was introduced. Computation of certain meshless methods such as meshless local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) method need to solve large USLS. The proposed solution method for unsymmetrical case performs factorization processes symmetrically on the upper and lower triangular portion of matrix, which differs from previous work based on general unsymmetrical process, and attains higher performance. It is shown that the solution algorithm for USLS can be simply derived from the existing approaches for the symmetrical case. The new matrix factorization algorithm in our method can be implemented easily by modifying a standard JKI symmetrical matrix factorization code. Multi-blocked out-of-core strategies were also developed to expand the solution scale. The approach convincingly increases the speed of the solution process, which is demonstrated with the numerical tests.