锂离子电池电极材料磷酸氧钒锂的研究进展

介绍了磷酸氧钒锂(α-LiVOPO4、β-LiVOPO4和αⅠ-LiVOPO4)电极材料的结构和电化学性能;综述了现有的LiVOPO4电极材料的合成方法(包括高温固相法,化学还原法,溶胶-凝胶法,溶剂热法,离子交换法等)及其改性研究现状。最后对其未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

约束全局最优化的水平值估计算法

本文针对约束全局最优化问题,定义并研究了约束水平集上的方差函数,利用牛顿切线法求解方差方程的最大根构造出一种全局优化的水平值估计算法,并基于数论中一致分布佳点集求数值积分的方法建立了它的实现算法,验证了实现算法满足不精确牛顿算法的收敛性条件,从而证明了实现算法的收敛性.初步的数值实验说明了算法的有效性.     

非线性规划的凸化,凹化和单调化

本文提出了一个指数型凸化,凹化变换,并证明了单调非线性规划总能变换成相应的凹规划或凸规划.还证明了带某种类型线性或非线性约束的非线性规划在适当条件下能变换成单调非线性规划.     

Metallic cation induced one-dimensional assembly of poly(acrylic acid)-1-dodecanethiol-stabilized gold nanoparticles

In this work, we report a simple approach for controllable synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) gold nanoparticle (AuNP) assemblies in solution. In the presence of divalent metallic ions, poly(acrylic acid)-1-dodecanethiol-stabilized AuNPs (PAA-DDT@AuNPs) are found to form 1D assemblies in aqueous solution by an ion-templated chelation process; this causes an easily measurable change in the absorption spectrum of the particles. The assemblies are very stable and remain suspended in solution for more than one month without significant aggregation. The morphologies of these 1D assemblies are dependent on the concentration of metallic cations in the solution. While lower concentrations led to the formation of particle dimers, higher concentrations generated long nanoparticle chain networks. In addition, the effect of EDTA, the solution pH, and the size of the PAA-DDT@AuNPs is also studied for further exploration of the mechanism of the formation of the 1D assemblies.     

Finite‐time flocking problem of a Cucker–smale‐type self‐propelled particle model

In this article, we propose a Cucker–Smale‐type self‐propelled particle model with continuous non‐Lipschitz protocol. We show that the flocking can occur in finite time if the communication rate function satisfies a lower bound condition. Both our theoretical and numerical results uncover a power‐law relationship between the convergence time and the number of individuals. Our result implies that the individuals in groups with high density can transit rapidly to ordered collective motion. We also investigate the influence of control parameter on the convergence speed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 354–361, 2016     

Divergent Shear Thinning and Shear Thickening Behavior of Supramolecular Polymer Networks in Semidilute Entangled Polymer Solutions

The steady shear behavior of metallo-supramolecular polymer networks formed by bis-Pd(II) cross-linkers and semidilute entangled solutions of poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) is reported. The steady shear behavior of the networks depends on the dissociation rate and association rate of the cross-linkers, the concentration of cross-linkers, and the concentration of the polymer solution. The divergent steady shear behavior-shear thinning versus shear thickening-of samples with identical structure but different cross-linker dynamics (J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2010, 1, 1683-1686) is further explored in this paper. The divergent steady shear behavior for networks with different cross-linkers is connected to a competition between different time scales: the average time that a cross-linker remains open (τ(1)) and the local relaxation time of a segment of polymer chain (τ(segment)). When τ(1) is larger than τ(segment), shear thickening is observed. When τ(1) is smaller than τ(segment), only shear thinning is observed.     

1-羟基异喹啉及羟基Fasudil的合成

首先以异喹啉为原料,经氧化生成氮氧化物后与苯甲酰氯和水作用,得到1-羟基异喹啉,收率为73.3%.以Fasudil为原料,经氨基保护、氧化,在相转移催化剂的存在下,于二氯甲烷和水的两相体系中与苯甲酰氯和水作用,合成羟基Fasudil,HPLC纯度大于99%,总收率为46.8%,从而建立了一条条件温和、操作简便的羟基Fasudil的合成工艺路线.     

Structural intermediates during α-synuclein fibrillogenesis on phospholipid vesicles

α-Synuclein (AS) fibrils are the main protein component of Lewy bodies, the pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease and other related disorders. AS forms helices that bind phospholipid membranes with high affinity, but no atomic level data for AS aggregation in the presence of lipids is yet available. Here, we present direct evidence of a conversion from α-helical conformation to β-sheet fibrils in the presence of anionic phospholipid vesicles and direct conversion to β-sheet fibrils in their absence. We have trapped intermediate states throughout the fibril formation pathways to examine the structural changes using solid-state NMR spectroscopy and electron microscopy. The comparison between mature AS fibrils formed in aqueous buffer and those derived in the presence of anionic phospholipids demonstrates no major changes in the overall fibril fold. However, a site-specific comparison of these fibrillar states demonstrates major perturbations in the N-terminal domain with a partial disruption of the long β-strand located in the 40s and small perturbations in residues located in the "non-β amyloid component" (NAC) domain. Combining all these results, we propose a model for AS fibrillogenesis in the presence of phospholipid vesicles.