利用磁共振技术检测钻井液含油量的方法探讨

含油气的岩层被钻开以后,其中的油气一部分保留在岩样中,另一部分则进入钻井液,岩样中的油、气及钻井液中的气都有相应的录井方法来检测,唯独钻井液中的油一直是录井检测的空白. 随着油气勘探程度的加深及钻井工艺技术的发展,岩屑含油级别低甚至无显示、气测异常幅度低甚至无异常的油井是越来越多,导致油气层的发现与评价变得十分困难. 因此,急需对钻井液中的含油量进行随钻检测. 通过对不同油质、 不同含油量的钻井液进行磁共振试验,结果表明,可以通过核磁共振一维谱(T₂谱)实现轻～中质油的含油量分析,通过二维谱(T₂-D谱)以实现对重质油的含油量分析. 该项研究对于完善录井技术系列、提高油层发现率和评价准确率具有十分重要的意义.     

A simulation study of microstructure evolution during solidification process of liquid metal Ni

A molecular dynamics simulation study has been performed for the microstructure evolution in a liquid metal Ni system during crystallization process at two cooling rates by adopting the embedded atom method (EAM) model potential. The bond-type index method of Honeycutt--Andersen (HA) and a new cluster-type index method (CTIM-2) have been used to detect and analyse the microstructures in this system. It is demonstrated that the cooling rate plays a critical role in the microstructure evolution: below the crystallization temperature $T_{\rm c}$, the effects of cooling rate are very remarkable and can be fully displayed. At different cooling rates of $2.0\times10^{13}$\,K\,$\cdot$\,s$^{-1}$ and $1.0\times10^{12}$\,K\,$\cdot$\,s$^{-1}$, two different kinds of crystal structures are obtained in the system. The first one is the coexistence of the hcp (expressed by (12 0 0 0 6 6) in CTIM-2) and the fcc (12 0 0 0 12 0) basic clusters consisting of 1421 and 1422 bond-types, and the hcp basic cluster becomes the dominant one with decreasing temperature, the second one is mainly the fcc (12 0 0 0 12 0) basic clusters consisting of 1421 bond-type, and their crystallization temperatures $T_{\rm c}$ would be 1073 and 1173\,K, respectively.     

梯度润湿表面上液滴定向迁移及合并行为的格子Boltzmann模拟

采用改进的格子Boltzmann方法,对梯度润湿性表面上液滴的定向迁移及合并行为进行了数值模拟,该模型在精度和稳定性上都有很大改善,同时,研究了梯度润湿性表面上液滴定向迁移和合并的动力学特性,并对液滴尺寸及润湿梯度对液滴动力学特性的影响规律进行了分析。数值结果表明,液滴在梯度润湿性表面运动时会发生形变,且动态接触角逐渐减小。润湿梯度对液滴定向迁移行为有显著影响,润湿梯度越大,液滴左右侧接触线位移越大,润湿长度增加越快。但是液滴尺寸对接触线位移影响较小。润湿梯度对液桥宽度基本无影响,但对液滴初始合并时间有显著影响。     

小麦麸皮粗多糖的基本结构特征、流变特性及其对体外消化酶抑制初探

小麦麸皮是小麦加工过程中的主要副产物，具有很高的营养价值与多种生物活性，其中非淀粉多糖含量较高，是主要活性成分之一。本试验采用碱提醇沉法制备小麦麸皮阿拉伯木聚糖(Wheat bran arabinoxylan, WBAX),采用高效液相色谱、离子色谱、红外光谱、SEM、流变等技术与方法，系统研究了WBAX的基本结构特征、流变特性以及对消化酶抑制的效果。结果表明，WBAX以中性糖为主(83.4%),同时含有少量蛋白质(8.6%)和糖醛酸(0.9%),主要由阿拉伯糖(30.3%)和木糖(37.8%)组成；阿拉伯糖与木糖的摩尔比(A/X)为0.8,表明WBAX支化程度较高。WBAX表观黏度存在剪切稀化行为，且随温度增加而降低。WBAX的微观形貌主要为片状、球状和丝状。此外，与α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制实验相比，WBAX对α-淀粉酶抑制率相对较高，且随着多糖浓度增加，对α-淀粉酶抑制率有一定上升趋势。综上所述，从小麦麸皮提取获得WBAX主要为阿拉伯木聚糖，具有一定的抑制α-淀粉酶活性作用，相关结果可为WBAX的开发与应用提供理论依据。     

Steady and transient behavior of perylene under high pressure

Pressure can reduce the distances among atoms, thereby modifying the overall optical characteristics of molecules. In this article, the excited state behavior of perylene is carefully observed under isotropic pressure and non-complexing condition. In a steady state, absorption peak shows red shift and spectral width are broadened with pressure increasing, which is ascribed to the π-electron delocalization between molecules. In a transient state, the transition dynamics presents a wavelike tendency with pressure increasing because the shift of self-tapping exciton state is contrary to that of Y-state with pressure increasing. The results conduce to understanding the influence of inter-molecule interaction on excited state behavior with inter-molecule distance decreasing, which contributes to studying the materials under extreme condition.     

基于稀疏编码和卷积神经网络的地貌图像分类

提出了一种基于稀疏编码和卷积神经网络的地貌场景图像分类算法;利用非下采样Contourlet变换对训练样本进行多尺度分解;在训练样本中选择图像,利用稀疏编码学习局部特征,对特征向量进行排序;选择灰度平均梯度较大的特征向量对卷积神经网络卷积核进行初始化。结果表明:所提算法可以获得比传统底层视觉特征更好的分类结果,有效避免了网络训练陷入局部最优的问题,提高了自然场景下无人机着陆地貌的分类准确率。     

梯度润湿表面上液滴定向迁移及合并行为的格子Boltzmann模拟

采用改进的格子Boltzmann方法，对梯度润湿性表面上液滴的定向迁移及合并行为进行了数值模拟，该模型在精度和稳定性上都有很大改善，同时，研究了梯度润湿性表面上液滴定向迁移和合并的动力学特性，并对液滴尺寸及润湿梯度对液滴动力学特性的影响规律进行了分析。数值结果表明，液滴在梯度润湿性表面运动时会发生形变，且动态接触角逐渐减小。润湿梯度对液滴定向迁移行为有显著影响，润湿梯度越大，液滴左右侧接触线位移越大，润湿长度增加越快。但是液滴尺寸对接触线位移影响较小。润湿梯度对液桥宽度基本无影响，但对液滴初始合并时间有显著影响。     

土壤湿度对鄱阳湖湿地植物芽库萌发和生长的影响

土壤水分含量对非淹水期湿地植物的生长与繁殖影响较大,但目前相关研究不足。为了研究土壤湿度对湿地植物芽库萌发和生长的影响,本文采用控制实验分析不同土壤湿度条件(0%,20%,40%,60%,80%,100%)下鄱阳湖湿地3种优势植物(灰化薹草(Carex cinerascens)、南荻(Miscanthus lutarioriparius)和虉草(Phalaris arundinacea))芽的萌发率、萌发时间及生物量等指标。研究发现:土壤湿度变化对灰化薹草、虉草、南荻芽的萌发率产生显著影响(P0.05),土壤水分干旱或过度饱和均能抑制3种植物芽的萌发。南荻和虉草芽的萌发率随土壤湿度的增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势,而灰化薹草芽的萌发率随土壤湿度的增加而显著下降(P0.05)。不同土壤湿度条件下,3种植物芽的萌发率均为虉草南荻灰化薹草,土壤湿度达80%时,虉草芽的萌发率明显高于灰化薹草和南荻。另外,在不同土壤湿度下,南荻的生物量显著高于其它两种植物,而当土壤湿度小于60%时,灰化薹草的根长大于南荻和虉草。本研究结果表明,退水后湿地洲滩土壤水分含量能够影响植物芽的萌发与生长。研究结果能够为揭示鄱阳湖植被群落的分布格局提供重要依据。     

气相色谱法测定土壤中21种有机氯农药和4种有机磷农药

应用气相色谱法测定土壤中21种有机氯农药和4种有机磷农药(OCP′s及OPP′s)的含量。土壤样品(10g)以丙酮-正己烷(1+1)混合液(200mL)在65℃用索氏提取7h。提取液蒸缩至约2mL,用经固相萃取小柱净化。用上述混合液6mL分3次从柱上洗脱,洗脱液浓缩至1mL供气相色谱分析。测定OCP′s时用CLPⅡ型毛细管色谱柱分离,电子捕获检测器检测;测定OPP′s时用1701型毛细管色谱柱分离,火焰光度检测器检测。21种OCP′s和4种OPP′s在一定的质量浓度范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.14~0.38μg·kg-1之间。加标回收率在68.0%~125%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=10)在2.8%~5.9%之间。     

Rogue-wave pair and dark-bright-rogue wave solutions of the coupled Hirota equations

Novel explicit rogue wave solutions of the coupled Hirota equations are obtained by using the Darboux transformation.In contrast to the fundamental Peregrine solitons and dark rogue waves, we present an interesting rogue-wave pair that involves four zero-amplitude holes for the coupled Hirota equations. It is significant that the corresponding expressions of the rogue-wave pair solutions contain polynomials of the fourth order rather than the second order. Moreover, dark-brightrogue wave solutions of the coupled Hirota equations are given, and interactions between Peregrine solitons and dark-bright solitons are analyzed. The results further reveal the dynamical properties of rogue waves for the coupled Hirota equations.