可见光催化有机硅的合成研究进展

硅杂化合物广泛存在于药物分子和具有特殊用途的功能材料中.与其同主族的全碳母体化合物相比,通常硅元素的存在赋予了相应的硅杂化合物特殊的生物活性和独特的物理化学性能.概述了近年来可见光催化有机硅的合成方法和策略,并对其反应机理和局限性予以分析和讨论.     

铈基介孔金属有机骨架固定化酶的构建及催化性能

金属有机骨架(MOF)材料由于其孔隙率高、比表面积大以及具有发达的内联通孔道结构等优点,可以作为优良的生物分子固定化载体。通过表面活性自组装策略制备了铈基介孔MOF(Ce-MOF-F),表征结果表明,该材料有大的比表面积和呈辐射状的介孔孔道结构。以其为载体、南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B(CALB)为模型酶,通过物理吸附法制备了生物催化剂CALB@Ce-MOF-F,对该固定化酶的酶载量和催化性能进行了研究。在优化条件下,CALB的负载量为162.0mg/g载体,水解活性为899.1U/g蛋白。与游离CALB相比,CALB@Ce-MOF-F表现出对高温、酸碱和有机溶剂等有更强的耐受性;将Ce-MOF-F用于多种酶的固定化,研究其作为载体的普适性,结果表明,介孔Ce-MOF-F对洋葱伯克氏菌脂肪酶(BCL)和漆酶有良好的固定效果,可以作为良好载体,并能对酶起到较好的保护作用。     

基于H型芴基小分子的双极性有机场效应晶体管存储器

从空间位阻角度出发,设计并合成了H型芴基小分子材料3Ph-TrH,并通过溶液加工方法制备了将其作为电荷捕获层的浮栅型有机场效应晶体管(OFET)存储器.结果表明,该器件的空穴和电子存储窗口分别为31.2和11.6V,实现了基于单个小分子材料的双极性电荷存储.为了提高器件的稳定性,进一步制备了基于3Ph-TrH与聚苯乙烯(PS)掺杂薄膜的浮栅型OFET存储器.测试结果显示,该器件比基于3Ph-TrH作为单组分电荷捕获层的器件具有更高的稳定性和耐受性,在10000s的维持时间测试后,该器件的电流开关比还能维持在1.1×10³.该工作为制备新型双极性电荷存储的OFET存储器提供了一条思路.     

利用空间位阻和氢溢流协同作用促进5-羟甲基糠醛选择性加氢制备5-甲基糠醛

Selective hydrogenation is a vital class of reaction. Various unsaturated functional groups in organic compounds, such as aromatic rings, alkynyl (C≡C), carbonyl (C＝O), nitro (-NO₂), and alkenyl (C＝C) groups, are typical targets in selective hydrogenation. Therefore, selectivity is a key indicator of the efficiency of a designed hydrogenation reaction. 5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) is an important platform compound in the context of biomass conversion, and recently, the hydrogenation of HMF to produce fuels and other valuable chemicals has received significant attention. Controlling the selectivity of HMF hydrogenation is paramount because of the different reducible functional groups (C＝O, C-OH, and C＝C) in HMF. Moreover, the exploration of new routes for hydrogenating HMF to valuable chemicals is becoming attractive. 5-Methylfurfural (MF) is also an important organic compound; thus, the selective hydrogenation of HMF to MF is an essential synthetic route. However, this reaction has challenging thermodynamic and kinetic aspects, making it difficult to realize. Herein, we propose a strategy to design a highly efficient catalytic system for selective hydrogenation by exploiting the synergy between steric hindrance and hydrogen spillover. The design and preparation of the Pt@PVP/Nb₂O₅ catalyst (PVP = polyvinyl pyrrolidone; Nb₂O₅ = niobium(V) oxide) were also conducted. Surprisingly, HMF could be converted to MF with 92% selectivity at 100% HMF conversion. The reaction pathway was revealed through the combination of control experiments and density functional theory calculations. Although PVP blocked HMF from accessing the surface of Pt, hydrogen (H₂) could be activated on the surface of Pt due to its small molecular size, and the activated H₂ could migrate to the surface of Nb₂O₅ through a phenomenon called H₂ spillover. The Lewis acidic surface of Nb₂O₅ could not adsorb the C＝O group but could adsorb and activate the C-OH group of HMF; therefore, when HMF was adsorbed on Nb₂O₅, the C-OH groups were hydrogenated by the spilled over H₂ to form MF. The high selectivity of this reaction was realized because of the unique combination of steric effects, hydrogen spillover, and tuning of the electronic states of the Pt and Nb₂O₅ surfaces. This new route for producing MF has great potential for practical application owing to its discovered advantages. We believe that this novel strategy can be used to design catalysts for other selective hydrogenation reactions. Furthermore, this study demonstrates a significant breakthrough in selective hydrogenation, which will be of interest to researchers working on the utilization of biomass, organic synthesis, catalysis, and other related fields.      

乙二醇基炭黑色浆的制备及其性能

通过超细分散法制备了乙二醇基炭黑色浆,采用单因素变量法阐明分散剂与炭黑质量比、研磨时间和研磨转速对炭黑粒径的影响规律,通过正交实验优化炭黑分散工艺来制备乙二醇基炭黑色浆,并对炭黑在乙二醇溶液中的形貌结构及其分散状态进行了观察。结果表明,分散剂与炭黑质量比为1∶10、研磨时间为180 min、研磨转速为3500 r/min时,炭黑的分散效果最好,平均粒径为170.89 nm,并且在乙二醇溶液中的离心稳定性在90%以上,耐热稳定性在90%以上,具有良好的储存稳定性。     

Rh@Pt内凹立方体核壳催化剂的制备及其乙醇电氧化性能

贵金属Rh基催化剂可有效催化乙醇中C―C键断裂,有利于实现乙醇完全电氧化,但Rh催化剂对乙醇电氧化的催化活性较低。本文通过种子介导生长法制备了具有内凹立方体形貌的Rh@Pt/C核壳催化剂,考察了不同Pt壳层厚度的Rh@Pt/C核壳催化剂在碱性介质中对乙醇电氧化反应(EOR)的催化性能。其中Rh@Pt_0.25/C核壳催化剂对EOR的质量归一化电流最高为520 mA/mg,此时面积归一化电流也最高,为0.16 mA/cm²。研究表明,Rh@Pt/C核壳催化剂中Rh和Pt之间的表面应变效应和电子配体效应取决于Rh表面Pt壳层的厚度,Pt壳层厚度的改变,可调控催化剂中Rh和Pt的协同作用,从而减弱毒性中间体对催化剂表面的吸附,优化催化剂对EOR的性能。总体上,Rh表面Pt壳层为3层的Rh@Pt_0.25/C核壳催化剂表现出最优的EOR活性和稳定性,此时催化剂也兼具了较优的抗毒化能力。     

Determination of lanthanum and cerium in cmsx-4 nickel-based superalloys by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometryEI北大核心CSCD

CMSX-4 is the second-generation nickel-based single crystal superalloy used widely in the world. The oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance of CMSX-4 alloy can be improved by adding trace lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce) and other rare earth elements. A method for the simultaneous determination of La and Ce in CMSX-4 nickel-based superalloy by wet dissolution-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was established. The sample was heated and dissolved under normal pressure by aqua regia and hydrofluoric acid, and the interference of fluorine ion was eliminated by using perchloric acid. The amount of dissolved acid and the digestion conditions were optimized. The limits of detection were 0.23 μg/g for La and 0.85 μg/g for Ce under optimized conditions. The spiked recoveries were 95.0%–98.9% with the relative standard deviations of 1.3%–3.9%, which can meet the requirements of accurate and rapid determination of La and Ce in CMSX-4 nickel-based superalloy. © 2023, Youke Publishing Co.,Ltd. All rights reserved.     

手性毛细管电泳实验中手性选择剂取代度的影响研究

针对手性毛细管电泳实验“手性药物氧氟沙星对映体的分离检测”的教学过程中,发现手性选择剂取代度对实验结果具有重要影响,详细研究了一系列不同取代度的羟丙基-β-环糊精对氧氟沙星对映体分离效果的影响。研究结果表明：对映体的分离度随取代度变化显著,且取代度DS=7.9时分离度最佳。依据取代度的测定方法,对市售羟丙基-β-环糊精的质量进行评估,以确保手性毛细管电泳实验结果的稳定性和良好的教学效果。     

基于主客体作用的根皮苷药物可控释放研究

根皮苷在新型药物和天然保健食品开发中具有广泛的应用前景,因其成分的复杂性和低溶解性,对根皮苷的研究极具挑战性。本文通过核磁共振、紫外可见光谱及荧光发射光谱等检测手段,研究了羟丙基-β-环糊精对根皮苷客体的分子识别能力。结果表明,羟丙基-β-环糊精增强了根皮苷在水中的溶解度,在水中形成摩尔比为1∶1的主客体络合物,络合常数为2.35×10² L·mol^-1。羟丙基-β-环糊精的加入造成了根皮苷的荧光猝灭,金属离子与根皮苷竞争结合羟丙基-β-环糊精会造成包合物的荧光增强,Fe³⁺与羟丙基-β-环糊精的键合常数达1.52×10⁴ L·mol^-1,可为根皮苷的药物研究提供理论研究。     

羟丙基甲基纤维素在干法烟草薄片胶粘剂的应用研究

为研究羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)在干法烟草薄片的应用价值,将其与3种常见胶粘剂(瓜尔胶、魔芋胶和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)进行对比,对不同胶粘剂体系的水溶液粘度测试、薄膜傅里叶红外光谱测试,胶粘剂及相应薄片的350℃低温热裂解分析和对应薄片抗张强度测试。结果表明：1wt%含量的HPMC水溶液10 min即可溶解,并可在烟草薄片的加工过程中调节涂布液粘度;HPMC与其他3种胶粘剂复配后存在氢键等物理交联作用,提高了对应胶粘剂制备的干法烟草薄片的纵向抗张强度,均>0.5 kN/m; 1wt%用量HPMC制备干法烟草薄片热裂解产物中有毒和刺激性物质含量低,分别为1.83%和5.31%。本文研究表明HPMC制备的干法烟草薄片综合性能较好,有较好应用价值。