原子阱,氪-81,撒哈拉的地下水

自放射性碳年龄测定法在1949年首次在实验中得以证实以来,长寿命的由宇宙射线产生的放射性核素痕量分析这一领域,无论是在分析技术还是在可利用的核素种类上,都取得了长足的进步.它所产生的影响已经渗透到广泛的科学和技术领域.文章介绍了一种新的痕量分析方法——原子阱痕量分析(atomtraptraceanalysis,ATTA).这种方法已经用于分析环境样品中的氪-81(半衰期为23万年;同位素含量约为1×10-12)和氪-85(半衰期为10.8年;同位素含量约为2×10-11)核素.氪-81主要由宇宙射线产生于大气层上部.它是理想的测定年代范围从5万年到100万年的水和冰样品的放射性核素.另一方面,氪-85是铀-235和钋-239的核裂变产物.对氪-85的同位素含量测定可以用于监督国际核公约的执行情况.在ATTA中,一个由激光光束和磁场共同产生的原子阱可以有选择地捕陷特定核素的原子.被囚禁的原子可以通过观察其荧光来进行探测.作为ATTA技术的第一次实际应用,一个国际合作小组确定了撒哈拉沙漠地区Nubian含水土层中地下水的寿命.利用ATTA对地下水寿命的成功测定,标志着放射性氪年龄测定法在地球科学中的广泛应用已经具备了可行性.     

百焦耳KrF激光器腔体的设计和激光实验

1990年原子能科学研究院建成一台百焦耳KrF激光器,最大能量输出达106焦耳。本文介绍激光器腔体主要结构参数的选定和激光实验。     

高功率放电泵浦KrF激光器放电及输出特性研究

介绍了一台工作于振荡器状态下的高功率放电泵浦KrF准分子激光器的放电工作特性,研究了影响激光输出参量的若干因素。通过计算和实验,在国内首次实现了体积大于85cm×3cm×1.3cm的KrF激光气体放电,单脉冲激光输出能量超过130mJ,给出了详细的实验结果并深入讨论分析了有关的物理机制。     

世界上主要的氟化氪激光发展概况

1.美国的NIKE和MERCURY 海军实验室(NRL)Nike氟化氪(KrF)激光装置该装置由4个放电型氟化氪激光器组成,每个激光器输出能量0.25～0.5J,经过预放大后,获得UJ、16ns脉宽的28束激光。这28束激光再经过20cm×20cm的第一级放大器后(两次通过放大),获得170J的输出能量,放入器总工作时间为142ns。     

布鲁姆林线驱动被动紫外预电离KrF激光器

研制了一台水介质布鲁姆林线驱动被动紫外预电离放电泵浦ＫｒＦ准分子激光器，研究了其振荡和放大输出特性。在充电电压２５ｋＶ，工作气压０．２ＭＰａ，以振荡器工作方式输出激光能量近２００ｍＪ。以放大器方式工作时，注入激光脉宽２５ｎｓ，能量７０ｍＪ，放大输出达３３０ｍＪ。     

Relativistic Configuration Interaction Treatment of Generalized Oscillator Strength for Krypton

A fully relativistic configuration interaction method is developed to investigate the transition energies and general oscillator strengths of the lower lying states of krypton, for both optically allowed and optically forbidden transitions. The calculated results are in agreement with the recent experimental measurements. The calculated transition energies for the 5s and 5s＇ transitions are 9.970 and 10. 717eV, which agree with the experimental data of 10.033 and 10.643 eV. The calculated oscillator strengths are 0.211 and 0. 170, comparable with the experimental results 0.214（±0.012） and 0.194 （±0.012）, respectively. The momentum transfer positions （K^2 in a.u.） of the minimum and maximum GOSs in the 4s^24p^6 → 4s^24p^5 （5s ＋ 5s＇） transitions are 1.105 and 2.225, comparable with the measurements results 1.24 and 2.97 [Phys. Rev. A 67 （2003） 062708].     

基于光场感生电离类镍氪系统峰值增益系数的计算

利用自行编制的辅助程序将原来仅以麦克斯韦分布为基础的Cowan程序推广到适用于任意电子能量分布情形下获得的光场感生电离 (OFI)等离子中的一些原子参数 ,在考虑多普勒加宽和自然加宽 ,对离子数密度分别为1× 10 17cm-3 和 3.2× 10 17cm-3 的情况下的类镍氪系统的增益系数进行了估算 ,理论上的峰值增益系数为14cm-1、141cm-1。     

Enhanced KR-Fundamental Measure Functional for Inhomogeneous Binary and Ternary Hard Sphere Mixtures

An enhanced KR-fundamental measure functional (FMF) is elaborated andemployed to investigate binary and ternary hard sphere fluids near a planarhard wall or confined within two planar hard walls separated by certaininterval. The present enhanced KR-FMF incorporates respectively, for aim ofcomparison, a recent 3rd-order expansion equation of state (EOS) and aBoublik's extension of Kolafa's EOS for HS mixtures. It is indicated that the two versions of the EOS lead to, in the framework of the enhanced KR-FMF, similar density profiles, but the 3rd-order EOS is more consistent with an exact scaled particle theory (SPT) relation than the BK EOS. Extensive comparison between the enhanced KR-FMF-3rd-order EOS predictionsand corresponding density profiles produced in different periods indicatesthe excellent performance of the present enhanced KR-FMF-3rd-order EOS incomparison with other available density functional approximations (DFAs).There are two anomalous situations from whose density profiles all DFAsstudied deviate significantly; however, subsequent new computer simulationresults for state conditions similar to the two anomalous situations are invery excellent agreement with the present enhanced KR-FMF-3rd-order EOS. The present paper indicates that (i) the validity of the ``naive' substitutionelaborated in the present paper and peculiar to the original KR-FMF is stillin operation even if inhomogeneous mixtures are being dealt with; (ii) thehigh accuracy and self-consistency of the third order EOS seem to allow forapplication of the KR-FMF-third order EOS to more severe state conditions;and (iii) the ``naive' substitution enables very easy the combination of theoriginal KR-FMF with future's more accurate but potentially more complicatedEOS of hard sphere mixtures.