甲烷部分氧化制合成气：Ⅱ.载体的影响

本文对三种催化剂（１％Ｒｈ／ｍ－Ｓｍ２Ｏ３，１％Ｒｈ／ｃ－Ｓｍ２Ｏ３）在甲烷部分氧化反应的催化活性与一氧化碳和氢的选择性作了比较。用二氧化碳的程序升温脱附测试了载体的相对碱性强弱；并用同位素交换反应测定了载体和负载型铑催化剂对甲烷分子中Ｃ－Ｈ和氧气分子中Ｏ－Ｏ键的解离活化能力，虽然催化活性高低与载体的碱性及解离活化能力之间没有直接的对应关系，但通过载体对反应活性影响的研究能揭示一般的规律，对研制甲     

“Proton Sponges” and the Geometry of Hydrogen Bonds: Aromatic Nitrogen Bases with Exceptional Basicities

Certain aromatic diamines (the “proton sponges”) are found to have exceptionally high basicity constants: this is due to spatial interaction of the basic centers, which are in close proximity. The two factors which are most important in causing this effect are, on the one hand, the extreme steric strain in these systems and the destabilizing effect of the overlap of the nitrogen lone pairs of the neutral diamines and, on the other, the strong N?H?N hydrogen bonds which are formed on monoprotonation and which lead to a considerable relaxation of the steric strain. By the systematic variation of the structures of such aromatic diamines we have been able to study these effects as a function of steric factors, in particular of the geometry and the bond length of the N?H?N hydrogen bonds, by means of X-ray structural analysis. The hydrophobic shielding of the basic centers and the N?H?N hydrogen bonds, which was characteristic of the “proton sponge” compounds studied previously, is indeed responsible for the extremely low rate of protonation and deprotonation of these compounds; however, it apparently has no influence on their high thermodynamic basicity. The recent synthesis and basicity determination of a new type of “proton sponge” with no hydrophobic shielding whatever show that not only very strong but also kinetically active bases are accessible using the “proton sponge” concept. Their unusual properties, which are discussed here as the result of steric interactions between two basic centers, provide examples of the fact that cooperative steric interactions of reactive structural elements can lead to properties which cannot be derived from an isolated consideration of the various functional groups. Such “proximity effects” are certainly of general importance in chemistry and biochemistry; the study of their structure-function relationships is worthy of closer consideration.     

阳离子掺杂水滑石的制备及其性质研究

研究了掺杂阳离子水滑石的制备及阳离子对水滑石性质的影响. 分别制备了掺杂Zn2+、Ni2+、Fe3+型的水滑石, 考察了掺杂阳离子对水滑石晶相结构、层间距、层间阴离子含量、水滑石表面形态、水滑石碱性的影响, 结果表明, 由于阳离子的引入, 导致水滑石层间距减小及层间阴离子结合量降低, 且使水滑石培烧产物电负性提高, 并最终降低其碱性. 以上述水滑石培烧产物作为固体碱催化剂促进苯甲醛和丙醛缩合, 合成α-甲基肉桂醛, 关联了水滑石培烧产物碱性与反应活性的关系.     

A study of adduct formation of heterocyclic nitrogen bases with nickel(II) chelate of di(6-chloro-2-methylphenyl)carbazone

The study of the adduct formation of Ni(II) di(6-chloro,2-methylphenyl)carbazonate has been undertaken by synthesising and characterizing it by magnetic susceptibility, UV-VIS, IR and 1H-NMR spectral measurements. The distorted square planar Ni(II) chelate forms adducts with heterocyclic nitrogen bases; spectrophotometric method has been employed for the study of the adduct formation in a monophase chloroform. Both bidentate and unsaturated monodentate heteronuclear nitrogen bases form hexacoordinated adducts with 1:1 and 1:2 stoichiometry, respectively (metalchelate:base). However, the saturated nitrogen bases form pentacoordinated adducts with 1:1 stoichiometry. The results are discussed in terms of basicity and steric factors of the bases.     

负载型钒基催化剂上丙烷的氧化脱氢──酸碱性及氧化还原性质对催化性能的影响

用乙酰丙酮络钒法制备了两组不同氧化物和磷酸盐载体负载的钒载量为５％Ｖ２Ｏ５的催化剂．ＸＲＤ和Ｒａｍａｎ光谱表征结果表明，钒氧化物在载体ＭｇＯ，Ａｌ２Ｏ３，Ｍｇ３（ＰＯ４）２，ＡｌＰＯ４和Ｚｒ３（ＰＯ４）４上是高度分散的，没有生成明显的Ｖ２Ｏ５晶相；催化剂的可还原性与其氧化物或磷酸盐载体的金属还原电位序有较好的对应关系，与其丙烷氧化脱氢活性也存在较好的平行关系，表明钒氧化物与载体的阳离子形成了Ｖ—Ｏ—Ｍ桥键，该桥键氧较易移去，可能是丙烷氧化脱氢的活性氧物种；催化剂表面酸性位有利于丙烷Ｃ—Ｈ键的活化，但导致深度氧化产物增多．     

On the molecular electrostatic potentials obtained with CNDO and INDO wave functions

Molecular electrostatic potentials computed with CNDO/2 and INDO wave functions are shown to present systematic differences with respect to ab initio potentials in the case of out-of-plane potentials and in-plane vicinal hetero atoms in planar hetero molecules.     

硫酸根型阴离子交换树脂法改善PAC絮凝性能的研究

体系以聚合氯化铝溶液为原料、以硫酸型强碱性阴离子交换树脂为载体， 进行离子交换反应．结果表明，在保持氧化铝含量基本不变的情况下，能有效 地提高聚合铝的碱化度。同时生成含ＳＯ_４~（２－）的聚合氯化铝（简称ＰＡＣＳ），实验证明它的絮凝效果优于聚合氯化铝（简称ＰＡＣ）．     

含氮FAU分子筛的制备、表征及碱催化反应性能

利用脱水氮化法制备了含氮HY分子筛,氮化后分子筛的结晶度和比表面积均得到较好保持.由于氮原子的电负性低于氧原子,氮原子取代氧原子进入HY分子筛的骨架,使其Lewis碱性得到增强.利用氨气吸附红外光谱、二氧化碳吸附红外光谱与二氧化碳程序升温脱附方法对氮化前后的分子筛进行表征.结果表明氮化后HY分子筛的L酸中心数量有所降低,B酸中心数量有所增加,同时生成新的碱性中心.由于新碱性中心的引入,含氮HY分子筛在Knoevenagel缩合碱性探针反应中表现出优异的活性.     

Properties of SBA-15 modified by iron nanoparticles as potential hydrogen adsorbents and sensors

SBA-15-Fe was synthesized via the incorporation of Fe⁰ nanoparticles (Fe(0)-Nps) in the mesoporous channels. Electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction showed that dispersion of fine iron NPs occurs mainly inside the channels of SBA-15, producing a slight structure compaction. This was accompanied by a significant improvement of both the affinity towards hydrogen and electrical conductivity, as supported by hydrogen adsorption tests and impedance measurements. CO₂ thermal programmed desorption measurements revealed an attenuation of the acid character of the solid surface. This was explained in terms of strong iron interaction with the lattice oxygen atoms that reduces the SiO–H bond polarity. The close vicinity of fine Fe(0)-Nps combined with the large pore size of SBA-15 appear to contribute to a synergistic improvement of the electrical conductivity. The results reported herein open new prospects for SBA-15 as potential adsorbents for hydrogen storage and carriers for hydrogen sensors. The use of iron in lieu of noble metals for designing such materials is a novelty, because such applications of iron-loaded silica have not been envisaged so far due to the high reactivity of iron towards air and water. The development of such technologies, if any, should address this issue.     

Competitive,substrate-dependent reductive debromination/dehydrobromination of 1,2-dibromides with triethylamine

The interaction of various 1,2-dibromides with NEt₃ under various conditions (THF and DMF, respectively) at different temperatures was investigated. Our results from these reactions show that substrate dependent dehydrobrominations compete with reductive debrominations. A comprehensive discussion of these competitive pathways is offered.