阻燃剂的复配协效技术及纺织品的阻燃整理

环保型纺织品阻燃剂对人体和环境危害较小,符合绿色发展的理念.传统的阻燃剂如卤素阻燃剂阻燃效率较高,但在使用时会释放大量有毒及腐蚀性气体.氮系、磷系、硼系、硅系等阻燃剂在单独使用时,阻燃效果并不理想,而且成本高,因此需与其它阻燃剂复配协效使用才能达到阻燃效果.复配协效技术避免了使用单一阻燃剂的缺陷,综合了各种阻燃剂的优势...     

Cu对Ni-Cu/SiO2催化1,4-丁炔二醇加氢性能的影响

采用超临界干燥法和等体积浸渍法制备了不同Ni/Cu比例的Ni-Cu/SiO₂双金属催化剂,利用ICP、BET、XRD、H₂-TPR、H₂-TPD、NH₃-TPD等手段对催化剂进行了结构表征,考察了不同Ni/Cu比例对催化剂结构以及1,4-丁炔二醇加氢性能的影响.结果表明,少量Cu的引入不仅能够提高Ni活性物种的分散性,而且Ni-Cu双金属间的相互作用改善了NiO物种的还原性能及氢活化能力,有利于氢和1,4-丁炔二醇在活性位点的快速转化.在反应温度50℃,氢压1 MPa,反应时间3 h的加氢评价条件下,Ni/Cu比为3：1时,15Ni5Cu/SiO₂催化材料不仅可以实现BYD的完全转化,而且能够有效降低难分离副产物2-羟基四氢呋喃的含量,具有最优的加氢活性和对1,4-丁烯二醇及1,4-丁二醇的选择性.     

多基团功能化氧化石墨烯协同催化CO2环加成反应

基于氢键给体、阴离子和胺协同催化CO_2环加成反应的设计思想,以廉价、无毒、富含三级胺的六次甲基四胺为前驱体,采用原位固载的方法制得了硅羟基、季铵盐和三级胺功能化的氧化石墨烯(GO)。随后,利用正溴丁烷进一步季铵化合成多阳离子季铵盐功能化的GO(F-GO)无金属多相催化剂。采用红外光谱、元素分析和光电子能谱分析了催化剂表面的组成和含量,证明多阳离子化的策略有利于提高GO表面离子液体的固载量,所制备的F-GO表面季铵盐和三级胺负载量分别为2.23和2.49mmol·g~(-1)。F-GO在无溶剂和无助剂条件下可高效催化CO_2和环氧丙烷环加成反应,碳酸丙烯酯收率可达99.2%(100℃,2 MPa,4 h)。此外,F-GO材料具有较好的耐水性和稳定性,循环6次后活性几乎不变。     

溶剂热氧化少层Ti3C2 MXene制备二维TiO2/Ti3C2复合光催化剂

为了改善TiO_2光催化剂光生电子-空穴对复合率高、太阳光利用率低的缺陷,采用溶剂热法控制氧化剥离的少层Ti_3C_2MXene(DL-Ti_3C_2),制备TiO_2/DL-Ti_3C_2复合光催化剂,并通过降解罗丹明B溶液,研究其光催化性能。结果表明,TiO_2/DL-Ti_3C_2复合光催化剂能有效吸收可见光,且光催化性能明显优于DL-Ti_3C_2和P25。当溶剂热氧化温度为160℃时,复合材料具有最佳的光催化性能。当氧化温度过低时,催化剂中形成的TiO_2量不足,产生的光生电子-空穴对数量较少,导致催化剂性能较差;当氧化温度过高时,DL-Ti_3C_2减少,降低了材料导电性,光生电子-空穴对复合效率高,导致催化剂性能变差。因此,通过改变DL-Ti_3C_2的氧化温度,可以调控TiO_2/DL-Ti_3C_2复合材料中TiO_2和DL-Ti_3C_2的相对含量,使二者产生协同作用提高复合光催化剂的可见光催化活性。     

可见光催化C(sp3)-C(sp3)键的构筑

本文对近年来可见光催化构筑C(sp ³)-C(sp ³)键的国内外最新研究成果进行概述,着重阐述了各类催化的催化体系、反应机理及在合成生物活性分子或药物分子方面的应用。在可见光催化的反应体系中引入过渡金属或手性催化剂,构建新颖的协同催化体系,可以实现在温和的条件下对C—C键构筑的精确控制,对于手性药物的设计、开发具有重要的意义。最后,对未来可见光催化构筑C—C键的发展进行展望。     

锂-空气电池正极催化剂表界面调控及构效关系研究进展

锂-空气电池被认为是最具潜力的新一代化学电源体系之一,具有能量密度高、质量轻便、可逆性高、环境污染小等优点. 但其电极上缓慢的氧还原（ORR）与氧析出（OER）动力学过程导致了能量效率降低、过电位高、循环性能差等问题,制约了锂-空气电池的发展. 双效正极催化剂的设计与开发是解决上述问题的重要途径之一. 作者通过总结近几年锂-空气电池正极催化剂的研究进展,并结合其课题组自身的工作,综述了锂-空气电池正极催化剂表界面调控及构效关系研究方面的最新进展,并展望了未来关于锂-空气电池研究的切入点,对设计、开发高效锂-空电池催化剂具有重要指导意义.     

Synergistic effect between phosphorus tailings and aluminum hypophosphite in flame‐retardant thermoplastic polyurethane composites

The massive accumulation of phosphorus tailings (PT) not only occupies land resources and also causes great threat to ecological environment and human security. It is of great significance to explore the resource utilization of PT in some fields. Herein, aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) and PT are blended together to enhance the flame retardancy of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites, and the synergistic effects between AHP and PT are investigated systematically. Cone calorimeter test (CCT) results indicate that the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of the samples containing 25 wt% AHP are decreased by 89% and 68%, respectively, and the total smoke release (TSR) show a reduction of 58.8%, in comparison with those of neat TPU. For the sample TPU/22.5AHP/2.5PT, the PHRR, THR, and TSR are decreased by 91.2%, 70%, and 63%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis results demonstrate that the addition of PT can facilitate the generation of dense and compact char layers, preventing the release of heat and smoke effectively. All the abovementioned results indicate that the synergistic effects are existed between AHP and PT for enhancing the fire safety of TPU composites, which can provide a new way for the utilization of PT.     

Phosphorus‐free boron nitride/cerium oxide hybrid: A synergistic flame retardant and smoke suppressant for thermally resistant cyanate ester resin

Establishing a phosphorus‐free strategy to fabricate high‐performance thermosetting resins owning outstanding thermal resistance, good flame retardancy, and smoke suppression is important for sustainable development. Herein, a unique phosphorus‐free hybrid (BN@CeO₂) was synthesized through chemically grafting cerium oxide (CeO₂) on surface of exfoliated boron nitride (BN) nanosheet with the aids of γ‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane and polydopamine coating, which was then embedded into bisphenol A cyanate ester (BCy) resin to fabricate new BN@CeO₂/BCy composites with high thermal resistance. Compared with BCy resin, the BN@CeO₂/BCy composite with 4 wt% BN@CeO₂ not only has delayed initial ignition time by 23 seconds but also severally shows 58.1%, 23.1%, and 44.4% lower smoke produce rate, total heat release, and peak heat release rate. The study on mechanism behind outstanding flame retardancy reveals that the improved heat resistance and flame retardancy of BN@CeO₂/BCy composite are attributed to multiply effects induced by BN@CeO₂ and its interaction with BCy resin; specifically, these effects come from BN (physical barrier) and CeO₂ (free radical trapping effect and catalytic char layer formation) as well as those from the synergistic effect of BN and CeO₂. These excellent comprehensive properties of BN@CeO₂/BCy composites demonstrate that BN@CeO₂ is an environment‐friendly and synergistic modifier for developing heat‐resisting thermosetting resins with outstanding flame retardancy and smoke suppression.     

Ag/ZnO-Bi2O3复合催化剂的制备及其光催化性能研究

以Zn(Ac)2·2H2O、Bi(NO3)3·5H2O、硝酸银为原料,柠檬酸为络合剂,聚乙二醇400与去离子水为溶剂,空气氛下高温煅烧制备了Ag/ZnO-Bi2O3复合催化剂,并采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜和紫外-可见光漫反射吸收光谱对产物进行了表征.结果表明,掺杂Ag和Bi2O3显著降低了ZnO的禁带宽度,达到2.93 eV,吸收光谱红移至423 nm处;当原料中Zn∶ Bi∶ Ag元素的摩尔比为1∶0.1∶0.25时,制备的Ag/ZnO-Bi2O3紫外光下催化降解甲基橙溶液性能较佳,降解率可达95;;同时发现复合催化剂与双氧水具有协同效应,可将达到相同降解率时间缩短到2h.     

考虑协同效应的突发事件救援人员分组方法

针对突发事件的应急救援人员分组问题,提出了一种考虑人员间协同效应的应急救援人员分组方法。首先,对突发事件应急救援人员分组问题进行了描述。然后,基于系统协同理论的思想,提出了救援小组的协同度模型,定量化的度量救援人员间的协同效应。进一步地,综合考虑救援人员的基础效能与协同效应,基于协同度模型给出了救援人员完成不同任务的实际效能的表达式。在此基础上,以最大化各救援小组的实际效能为目标,构建了突发事件应急救援人员分组的优化模型,并给出了将这一多目标0-1二次规划模型转换为单目标0-1线性规划模型的方法,进而可求解并确定救援人员的最优分组方案。最后,通过一个实例分析说明了本文所提出方法的可行性和有效性。