Dynamics of α and α′ relaxation in layered silicate/polystyrene nanocomposites studied by anelastic spectroscopy

The dynamics of polymer chains in layered silicate/polystyrene nanocomposites was studied by anelastic spectroscopy. Two thermal activated peaks (α and α′ peaks) appeared when the specimens were heated to a high temperature and they were related to glass transition and liquid-liquid transition, respectively. The activation energy was calculated based on Arrhenius equation and it showed that the activation energy of glass transition (E _g) is much higher than that of liquid-liquid transition (E _ll). Furthermore, the most interesting result for the activation energy was that there were two contrary trends for E _g and E _ll, E _g decreased and E _ll increased with the addition of clay platelets. The fragile parameter was analyzed and the variation of fragile parameters for the two transitions was also contrary to each other with the addition of clay platelets. All the results indicated that the confinement effect of clay platelets on the dynamics of polymer chain was scale dependent, and perhaps, the two transitions were produced by different mechanisms.     

Preparation of graphene on Cu foils by ion implantation with negative carbon clusters

We report on few-layer graphene synthesized on Cu foils by ion implantation using negative carbon cluster ions,followed by annealing at 950?C in vacuum.Raman spectroscopy reveals IG/I2Dvalues varying from 1.55 to 2.38 depending on energy and dose of the cluster ions,indicating formation of multilayer graphene.The measurements show that the samples with more graphene layers have fewer defects.This is interpreted by graphene growth seeded by the first layers formed via outward diffusion of C from the Cu foil,though nonlinear damage and smoothing effects also play a role.Cluster ion implantation overcomes the solubility limit of carbon in Cu,providing a technique for multilayer graphene synthesis.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定红土镍矿中钪量

钪是稀土元素之一,主要存在于基性岩和超基性岩的铁-镁矿物中。一般质量分数在0.05%~0.100%之间。主要赋存矿物有铌钇矿、硅铍铌钇矿、钛铁矿及黑钨矿等,此外,镍红土矿、钛磁铁矿等也含有较丰富的钪。传统分析钪的方法为分光光度法[1],随着分析仪器的发展,石墨炉原子吸收光谱     

脱硫石膏晶体提纯脱色的研究

以H2O-HCl-CaCl2溶液为反应介质采用两步法在常压下对脱硫石膏脱色;考察了HCl浓度、CaCl2浓度、料浆浓度对水热反应时间的影响和转晶温度、转晶时间、料浆浓度对产品白度和收率的影响。得出的较适宜条件为:HCl浓度为1.21mol/L,CaCl2浓度为0.27mol/L,料浆浓度为6.98%,转晶温度25℃、转晶时间18h,该条件下水热反应时间缩短至120min,脱色产品的白度和纯度分别提高至90%和96%。脱色提纯过程的母液反复利用5次后,产品性能与初次配料时无明显差异。以提纯脱色后的脱硫石膏为原料制备的半水硫酸钙晶须白度达到95.22%。     

基于UFLC－IT－TOF MS分析技术的妇科再造丸化学成分研究

大品种妇科再造丸由42味中药组成,对多种妇科疾病具有显著疗效。但其组方复杂,化学成分尚未被充分阐明,质量控制水平较低。该研究建立了一种采用超快速液相色谱－离子阱飞行时间质谱联用技术（UFLC－IT－TOF MS）快速鉴定妇科再造丸化学成分的方法,系统研究了其化学物质基础。采用COSMOSIL C18色谱柱（3.0 mm × 150 mm,2.6 μm）进行分离,以0.4%乙酸和乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱;采用电喷雾离子源（ESI）在正负离子模式下采集妇科再造丸MS1、MS2和MS3的碎片信息。通过推导质谱裂解规律,与对照品、文献数据和单味药材图谱比对等方式,共鉴定出155种化学成分,包括萜类成分47个,酚及酚酸类成分43个,黄酮类成分39个,生物碱类成分14个,苯酞类成分8个,其他类成分4个,其中133个成分首次在妇科再造丸中发现。该研究进一步阐明了妇科再造丸的化学成分组成,为其质量标准的提高及药效物质的阐明提供了丰富信息。     

W(100)c(2×2)表面的STM图像

用基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论研究了W(100)c(2×2)再构表面的表面弛豫以及扫描隧道显微镜(STM)图像和衬底偏压的关系.计算所得到的表面原子沿[110]方向的畸变位移δ为0.027nm,畸变能△E为80.6meV·atom-1,表面原子的弛豫分别为-7.6%(△d12/d0)和 0.8%(△d23/d0),功函数Φ为4.55eV.STM图像模拟表明,由于表面原子沿[110]方向的位移,会导致出现平行于[110]方向的亮暗带状条纹.STM图像中突起所对应的并不是表面或次表面的钨原子,而是zig-zag型W原子链中线位置;而STM暗区对应于原子位置畸变形成的相邻zig-zag型W原子链中间区域.当衬底负偏压时,STM针尖典型起伏高度大约在0.008-0.013nm之间;而当衬底正偏压时,针尖起伏高度在0.019-0.024nm之间变化.     

W（100）c（2×2）表面的STM图像

用基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论研究了W000）c（2×2）再构表面的表面弛豫以及扫描隧道显微镜（STM）图像和衬底偏压的关系．计算所得到的表面原子沿[110]方向的畸变位移δ为0．027nm,畸变能△E为80．6meV·atom^-1,表面原子的弛豫分别为-7．6％（△d12/d0）和＋0．8％（△d23/d0）,功函数西为4．55eV．STM图像模拟表明,由于表面原子沿[110]方向的位移,会导致出现平行于[110]方向的亮暗带状条纹．STM图像中突起所对应的并不是表面或次表面的钨原子,而是zig-zag型W原子链中线位置;而STM暗区对应于原子位置畸变形成的相邻zig-zag型W原子链中间区域．当衬底负偏压时,STM针尖典型起伏高度大约在0．008-0．013nm之间;而当衬底正偏压时,针尖起伏高度在0．019—0．024nm之间变化．     

胡椒碱与牛血清白蛋白的作用及Cu2+、Fe3+影响的研究

采用荧光光谱及紫外光谱法研究了胡椒碱与牛血清白蛋白（bovine serum albumin,BSA）的相互作用。实验结果表明：胡椒碱与BSA形成基态复合物从而猝灭BSA的内源性荧光,猝灭原因主要为静态猝灭和非辐射能量转移作用。胡椒碱对BSA的猝灭速率常数Kq为7．31×10^12 L·mol^-1·s^-1（25℃）和7．20×10^12 L·mol^-1·s^-1（37℃）,胡椒碱与BSA的结合常数K为1．02×10^7 L·mol^-1（25℃）和1．11×10^7 L·mol^-1（37℃）,结合位点数n为1．45（25℃）和1．46（37℃）。根据Ftirster偶极-偶极非辐射能量转移理论问题得到结合距离r为3．28nm（25℃）和3．30nm（37℃）。通过热力学参数的计算,确定胡椒碱与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用是一个熵增加和吉布斯自由能降低的自发过程,主要作用力为疏水作用力。同步荧光光谱表明,胡椒碱与BSA的相互作用没有引起BSA构象的变化。讨论了共存金属离子Cu^2＋、Fe^3＋对胡椒碱与BSA相互作用的影响。     

Difference in effect of temperature on absorption and Raman spectra between all-trans-β-carotene and all-trans-retinol

<正>Temperature dependencies(81℃-18℃) of visible absorption and Raman spectra of all-trans-β-carotene and all-trans-retinol extremely diluted in dimethyl sulfoxide are investigated in order to clarify temperature effects on different polyenes.Their absorption spectra are identified to be redshifted with temperature decreasing.Moreover, all-trans-β-carotene is more sensitive to temperature due to the presence of a longer length of conjugated system.The characteristic energy responsible for the conformational changes in all-trans-β-carotene is smaller than that in all-transretinol. Both of the Raman scattering cross sections increase with temperature decreasing.The results are explained with electron-phonon coupling theory and coherent weakly damped electron-lattice vibrations model.     

KZnF3∶Ce，Tb的溶剂热合成及光谱性质

采用溶剂热法合成了Ce3+,Tb3+单掺和双掺KZnF3发光粉。分析了样品的结构与形貌。结果表明,所合成的样品均为单相,颗粒粒度分布均匀。讨论了它们的光谱特性。研究发现,在KZnF3∶Ce3+激发光谱中激发带劈裂成2个带峰,最大发光中心分别位于263 nm(主峰)和246 nm,而在发射光谱中只观察到1个带状发射峰,最大发射中心位于330 nm。在KZnF3∶Tb3+激发光谱中存在较强的基质激发峰,而在发射光谱中,发现Tb3+的5D4→7FJ(J=6,5,4,3)跃迁。在KZnF3双掺体系中,Tb3+的发光强度随Ce3+的浓度增加而增强,存在Ce3+→Tb3+能量传递,尤其是Tb3+的5D4→7F5跃迁发射显著增强,有望成为一种有发展前途的绿色荧光材料。