时差法超声波流量计测量精度的补偿方法*

超声波时差法测量精度的提高,不仅使流量计的测量值更加准确,更能满足工业生产监控的智能化及自动化的需求。文中对时差法流量计的测量原理以及影响因素进行分析,结合超声波接收原理,设计了过零检测电路结构,并在顺逆流的时间差的测量问题上,应用互相关算法,完成对时间测量的自补偿。实验结果显示:在采取以上补偿方法后,能有效改善流量计精度,时差测量误差小于0.8%,并提高了测量实时性。     

超声波辅助萃取同位素稀释质谱法测定聚氯乙烯中6种邻苯二甲酸酯

采用超声波辅助萃取同位素稀释质谱法测定聚氯乙烯中6种邻苯二甲酸酯的含量。以四氢呋喃为溶剂对样品进行超声波辅助提取后,加入甲醇对聚合物进行沉淀,取上清液,经冷冻离心后进行气相色谱一质谱分析,并采用氘代邻苯二甲酸酯为内标,单点校正法定量。该方法应用于中、日、韩计量比对的样品测定中,两天进行的6次测定结果相对标准偏差为0．7％～3．0％。最终比对结果显示3个国家的数据取得很好的一致性,除DEP相对标准偏差为2．4％以外,其它5种邻苯二甲酸酯相对标准偏差为0．7％～1．2％,测定结果的相对扩展不确定度为1．8％～4．9％,证明该方法准确、可靠。     

活性炭载体的超声波处理对钌/活性炭氨合成催化剂催化性能的影响

 利用超声波处理活性炭,并采用场发射扫描电镜、X射线能谱、N2物理吸附和CO化学吸附等表征手段,考察了超声波处理对活性炭表面形貌、化学组成、表面织构和催化剂钌分散度的影响. 以超声波处理的活性炭为载体,以钡和钾为助剂制备了一系列钌基氨合成催化剂,在10.0 MPa,10000 h-1和400 ℃的条件下进行了氨合成活性评价. 结果表明,超声波处理可有效除去活性炭表面的杂质,提高中孔比表面积占BET比表面积的比例. 超声波处理50 min的活性炭表面的杂质含量较低,中孔比表面积适中,以其为载体制备的钌基催化剂的活性较高,催化氨合成反应速率可达94.8 mmol/(g·h).     

The simulation of ultrasonic beams with a Gaussian beam equivalent point source model

Point Sources and Gaussian beams are used frequently as fundamental building blocks for developing ultrasonic beam models. Both these models have different weaknesses that limit their effectiveness. Here, we will show that one can develop a Gaussian Beam Equivalent Point Source （GBEPS） model that removes those weaknesses and combines the accuracy and versatility of the point source models with much of the speed and well-behaved nature of Gaussian beam models. We will demonstrate the efficiency and versatility of this new GBEPS model in simulating the beams generated from ultrasonic phased arrays, using as few as one Gaussian beam per element of the array. A single element GBEPS model will be shown to be as accurate as a point source model even when substantial beam focusing or steering is present in the array or where the array beam is transmitted through an interface. At the same time the GBEPS model will be shown to be several orders of magnitude faster than the point source model.     

Non-contact evaluation of the resonant frequency of a microstructure using ultrasonic wave

This paper presents a novel non-contact method for evaluating the resonant frequency of a microstructure, Firstly, the microstructure under test is excited by ultrasonic waves. This excitation method does not impose any undefined load on the specimen like the electrostatic excitation and also this is the first actual use of ultrasonic wave for exciting a microstructure in the literature. Secondly, the amplitudes of the microstructure are determined by image edge detection using a Mexican hat wavelet transform on the vibrating images of the microstructure. The vibrating images are captured by a CCD camera when the microstructure is vibrated by ultrasonic waves at a series of discrete high frequencies （〉30 kHz）. Upon processing the vibrating images, the amplitudes at various excitation frequencies are obtained and an amplitude-frequency spectrum is obtained from which the resonant frequency is subsequently evaluated. A micro silicon structure consisting of a perforated plate （192 × 192 μm） and two cantilever beams （76 × 43 μm） which is about 4 μm thickness is tested. Since laser interferometry is not required, thermal effects on a test object can be avoided. Hence, the setup is relatively simple. Results show that the proposed method is a simple and effective approach for evaluating the dynamic characteristics of microstructures.     

第15届固态传感器、传动器与微系统国际会议(Ⅱ)

本届会议的专题报告按日程安排分述如下:(1)T Wacharalindu:以液态半导体为基础的微功率源--采用反射能量转换;(2)C M Waits,MMc Carthy,R Ghodea:供小规模动力系统中输送燃料用的、微电动机械系统的涡轮泵;(3)I D Block、P c Mcthals、M Ganoch:增强荧光与无标记成像联用仪;(4)L H Loo、Y D Lau:应用微结构的流体动力学偶联方法进行微型悬臂的质量因子的调谐;(5)K Imagawa,H Horilauchi,K Ikoda:应用心脏肌肉细胞的药物模拟方法的自给加热与流体泵送凝胶;(6)N Suhkl:供模拟在任何硅取向的表面组织与几何形态用的连续分格自动化技术.     

ACOUSTICAL TRANSMISSION LINE MODEL FOR ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS FOR WIDE-BANDWIDTH APPLICATION

An improved model for ultrasonic transducers is proposed.By considering only the first symmetric mode,each layer is represented as an acoustical transmission line in modeling of bulk wave transducers.In imaging applications,wide bandwidth and short time duration are required.The approach we have used consists of impedance matching the front face of the piezoelectric transducer to the propagating medium with a quarter wavelength impedance matching layer and inserting an unmatching quarter wavelength acoustical layer between the rear face and backing material.A heavy backing would degrade the wide-band phenomena,but show a time duration shorter than 0.5 μs for imaging applications.PSPICE code of the controlled source model is implemented to precisely predict the performance of the matched transducers such as impedance,insertion loss,bandwidth and duration of the impulse response.Good agreement between the simulation and experimental results has been achieved.     

去乙酰基-7-氨基头孢烷酸二苯甲酯的合成

头孢卡品酯是第四代头孢类抗菌素的重要品种, 人们已经对以去乙酰基-7-氨基头孢烷酸(D-7ACA)为起始原料合成头孢卡品酯的工作进行了大量研究, 其中大部分都涉及到D-7ACA上羧基的保护, 因此, 对D-7ACA的羧基保护的研究是非常重要的. 以二苯基重氮甲烷和D-7ACA为起始原料, 采用超声波辅助的方法, 以70%的收率合成了去乙酰基-7-氨基头孢烷酸二苯甲酯.     

茶螺烷酮合成的新工艺

以α-紫罗兰酮为原料,经间氯过氧苯甲酸环氧化、甲醇钠开环、超声波辐射Pd/C催化甲酸铵选择性碳碳双键加H、硼氢化钠还原、脱水环化及乙酰丙酮亚钴催化烯丙位氧气氧化等6步反应,以总收率52.6％合成了食用香料2,6,10,10-四甲基-1-氧杂-螺[4.5]-6-癸烯-8-酮(茶螺烷酮)。 用IR、1H NMR、MS谱及元素分析等测试技术表征了产物的结构和组成。     

虫蛀玉米种子的空气耦合超声波检测

提出了一种基于空气耦合超声波技术的玉米种子虫蛀孔洞颗粒和完好颗粒分类识别方法·首先根据玉米颗粒的弹性模量、泊松比和密度等物理量计算出了玉米颗粒的声速,并根据检测精度需求设定了激励信号频率。然后采用MATLAB对采集的两类种子超声波信号数据进行分析处理,并分析了种子厚度和摆放方位对超声波响应特征的影响。最后建立了K近邻(KNN)、簇类独立软模式法(SIMCA)、Fisher线性判别(LDA)和决策树(DT)识别模型,并对模型性能进行了测试.结果表明;种子孔洞深度、胚部厚度和正反面方位不同,即超声波在种子表面的反射程度不同、在种子中传播声程不同,则起声波信号衰减程度不同,导致接收到信号的幅值不同,且样本点在主成分分析(PCA)特征空间的分布也不同。4种识别模型均可以实现对两类玉米的分类识别,其中KNN模型性能最佳,其对虫蛀孔洞颗粒和完好颗粒的正确识别率分别为98%100%,误差带为2%,0。此结果说明采用空气耦合超声波技术可以实现对玉米种子虫蛀孔洞颗粒的检测。