紫外诱导荧光的土壤石油烃类污染物原位检测技术

石油烃类污染物进入土壤后会随着时间逐步迁移到土壤深层。传统的土壤石油烃检测方法因自身的局限性,无法及时快速地检测深层土壤中的石油烃质量分数。为快速检测深层土壤中的石油烃类污染物,提出了一种基于紫外诱导荧光的石油烃原位检测技术,利用280 nm的深紫外发光二极管（LED）作为激发光源、光电倍增管（PMT）作为信号检测器完成对土壤中石油烃质量分数的探测。实验结果表明,该检测技术能够实现对不同土壤类型（红壤、黄壤、黑土和湖底淤泥土）中各类机油（汽油机油、柴油机油和空压机油）的定量检测,检测结果的平均相对误差（RE）小于10.00%,平均相对标准偏差（RSD）小于4.00%,土壤中各类石油烃的检出限均小于136 mg/kg,完成单个样本测量仅需2.0 s。     

声学参量阵转换效率提高方法

针对参量阵转换效率低的问题,提出了一种通过调节声源表面声阻抗率从而提高转换效率的方法。该方法依据描述声波非线性的Kuznetsov方程,首先通过分析方程中拉格朗日密度对参量阵差频波的影响,获得了拉格朗日密度与声源表面声阻抗率之间的关系式,得出了通过调整声阻抗率可以提高参量阵转换效率的结论。随后提出了利用穿孔板改变声阻抗率的方法,并通过数值仿真验证了该方法的有效性。结果表明,通过在声源周围布置声穿孔板可以改变声阻抗率从而提高参量阵的转换效率。     

巴基斯坦斯瓦特山谷祖母绿的谱学特征研究

随着哥伦比亚祖母绿矿的日益枯竭,巴基斯坦祖母绿逐渐成为市场的主力军之一,运用常规宝石学仪器、红外光谱仪、激光拉曼光谱仪、紫外-可见-近红外光谱仪(UV-Vis-Nir)和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(LA-ICP-MS)对巴基斯坦斯瓦特产区的祖母绿谱学特征进行了较系统的研究。结果表明,巴基斯坦斯瓦特祖母绿颜色整体呈深绿色-深蓝绿色,折射率较高为1.589～1.615。巴基斯坦斯瓦特产区的祖母绿中含有种类和数量较多的内含物,其中三相内含物呈边界清晰平直的矩形且具有明显定向性,与俄罗斯、赞比亚和埃塞俄比亚产区祖母绿的三相内含物接近。根据同一样品不同颜色的紫外-可见-近红外光谱和LA-ICP-MS的分析表明,在颜色较深的区域,紫外-可见-近红外光谱显示相对较强的427, 608, 637和679 nm(o光)Cr的R线吸收以及在o光下370 nm Fe的吸收,同时此区域内Cr和Fe含量相对较高,因此祖母绿色带是由含量不同的Cr和Fe所致。巴基斯坦斯瓦特祖母绿是由Cr致色,V对颜色有一定贡献且Cr/V极高。根据LA-ICP-MS结合红外光谱可知,巴基斯坦斯瓦特祖母绿属于富碱祖母绿,在红外光谱...     

激光诱导击穿光谱在核分析实验教学中的应用

为了适应核物理与核分析实验教学的需要,本文将激光诱导激光光谱测量以创新实验的形式引入到核工程类专业实验中.通过将纳秒激光脉冲与不同靶材作用,测量样品中各类元素的LIBS谱线,结合理论分析提取激光等离子体的电子温度和等离子体密度.假设单一元素谱线获得的等离子体密度为混合样品等离子体密度,计算得到未知重元素Fe的原子谱线展宽参数.     

Preparation and Properties of Poly（ether ether ketone）/Carbon Nanotube Modified Polypropylene Janus Composite Separator北大核心CSCD

Lithium-ion batteries （LIBs）have attracted wide attention because of their broad prospects in electric vehicles. However,the safety problems and low multiplier performance of the commercial polyolefin separator limit their further development,due to the poor dimensional thermal stability and low electrolyte absorption rate. Poly（ether ether ketone）（PEEK）and carbon nanotube（CNT）are compounded to coat on polypropylene （PP） to prepare Janus composite separator （PP@C） through the phase inversion method. PP@C composite separator does not deform at 180 ℃ for 0. 5 h（only slight deformation）,illustrating excellent thermal stability. The electrolyte absorption rate of PP@C2 is 193. 8%. The electrolyte uptake rate of the PP@C2 composite membrane was 193. 8%,which was 64. 5% higher than the PP membrane,showing a superduper electrolyte permeability. As a result,the specific discharge capacity of LIBs assembled with PP@C2 composite separator is 157. 6 mA·h/g at 0. 2 C and 129. 8 mA·h/g at 2 C,showing good rate performance with the capacity recovery rate of more than 99%. This might be attributed to the ultra-high thermal stability of PEEK,the good affinity of the electrolyte,the high conductivity of CNT,as well as the uniform dispersion of Li+ ,so that the separator can have excellent electrochemical performance while improving safety. © 2022, Science Press (China). All rights reserved.     

Research Progress of Regulation of Driving Forces in Short Peptide Supramolecular Self-Assembly北大核心CSCD

Some short peptides can spontaneously self-assemble into various nanostructures via the synergistic driving forces of non-covalent interactions. These non-covalent interactions,including electrostatic interaction,hydrogen bonding,aromatic interactions and other non-covalent interactions,are usually highly coupled together. Through rational sequence design and proper modification of short peptide molecules,the driving forces could be regulated purposively,and the nanostructures and morphologies of the self-assemblies could be controlled accordingly,and thus so as to achieve the fabrication of peptide-based supramolecular biomaterials and develop their functions. In this paper,the effects of hydrogen bonding,π-π stacking, electrostatic interaction,hydrophobic interaction,metal ion coordination and chiral center on the self-assembly behavior of peptide self-assembly have been reviewed. The driving force regulation strategies, including sequence design,pH and concentration adjustment and metal ion coordination,and the resulted nanostructures have also been discussed. We also make the outlooks on the development of peptide-based supramolecular biomaterials with specific functions in biomedicines and biocatalysis. © 2022, Science Press (China). All rights reserved.     

洗衣机节水技术研究及其力学原理

利用全自动洗衣机高速脱水时产生的向心力，将衣物上的水沿脱水桶壁向下排出，由此设计了节水型洗衣机，并对这种洗衣机进行了力学原理分析，给出了关键结构参数，以及关键部件——排水阀的设计．新型洗衣机结构简单，洗涤容量进一步扩大，减少了水和洗涤剂的用量，有利于环境保护．     

在封闭结构中水对爆炸冲击波的削波、减压作用

采用数值方法计算了封闭矩形空间中布置在炸药周围的水对爆炸冲击波的削波作用以及对于气室压力的削减作用。计算结果显示 ,在各种不同的载荷密度和水 /药质量比参数条件下 ,冲击波峰值压力和气室压力均得到明显的削减。还计算了一个具有开口的模型隧道中水的削波作用 ,并将计算结果与实验测量数据进行了比较。     

水中爆炸冲击波传播规律的实验研究

采用PCB138压力传感器对炸药水中爆炸冲击波的远场压力进行测量,得到水中爆炸冲击波峰值压力和衰减时间常数,据此计算得到CB-01传爆药水中爆炸冲击波的相似常数k和α。初步掌握了水中爆炸冲击波的实验方法,对炸药水中爆炸冲击波的传播规律有了进一步的认识。     

Bifurcation of flow and mass transport in a curved blood vessel

A numerical analysis of flow and concentration fields of macromolecules in a, slightly curved blood vessel was carried out. Based on these results, the effect of the bifurcation of a flow on the mass transport in a curved blood vessel was discussed. The macromolecules turned out to be easier to deposit in the inner part of the curved blood vessel near the critical Dean number. Once the Dean number is higher than the critical number, the bifurcation of the flow appears. This bifurcation can prevent macromolecules from concentrating in the inner part of the curved blood vessel. This result is helpful for understanding the possible correlations between the blood dynamics and atherosclerosis. The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (10002003), JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowship for Foreign Researcher and Foundation for University Teachers, the Ministry of Education