面向航天型号软件缺陷预测的属性选择方法

针对当前航天型号软件模块故障预测中度量属性过多而影响分类模型效率、准确率和数据收集困难的问题,以NASA公布的MDP数据集为基础,设计了基于Logistic回归模型的属性选择算法;通过该算法在6个数据集上的应用选择了对航天型号软件质量影响较大的4个属性,并将其在12个软件中进行验证,说明了该算法的有效性,选择的4个度量属性可为当前航天型号软件的度量提供参考和依据。     

Soliton Solutions,Bcklund Transformations and Lax Pair for a(3 + 1)-Dimensional Variable-Coefficient Kadomtsev–Petviashvili Equation in Fluids

Under investigation in this paper is a(3 + 1)-dimensional variable-coefficient Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation, which describes the propagation of surface and internal water waves. By virtue of the binary Bell polynomials,symbolic computation and auxiliary independent variable, the bilinear forms, soliton solutions, B¨acklund transformations and Lax pair are obtained. Variable coefficients of the equation can affect the solitonic structure, when they are specially chosen, while curved and linear solitons are illustrated. Elastic collisions between/among two and three solitons are discussed, through which the solitons keep their original shapes invariant except for some phase shifts.     

爆轰法合成纳米CeO粉末*2

爆轰合成过程中采用Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O制备的可爆药剂,并利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对合成的纳米CeO₂粉末进行了检测,研究了起爆方式对于合成产物结晶化度、粒径和形貌的影响。结果表明,采用Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O制备的可爆药剂,可以合成立方晶系的球形纳米CeO₂; 提高可爆药剂的爆速,可有效降低纳米CeO₂的粒径,得到球形化更好的纳米粒子。     

Switching plasticity in compensated ferrimagnetic multilayers for neuromorphic computing

Current-induced multilevel magnetization switching in ferrimagnetic spintronic devices is highly pursued for the application in neuromorphic computing. In this work, we demonstrate the switching plasticity in Co/Gd ferrimagnetic multilayers where the binary states magnetization switching induced by spin-orbit toque can be tuned into a multistate one as decreasing the domain nucleation barrier. Therefore, the switching plasticity can be tuned by the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of the multilayers and the in-plane magnetic field. Moreover, we used the switching plasticity of Co/Gd multilayers for demonstrating spike timing-dependent plasticity and sigmoid-like activation behavior. This work gives useful guidance to design multilevel spintronic devices which could be applied in high-performance neuromorphic computing.     

Quantum phase transitions in CePdAl probed by ultrasonic and thermoelectric measurements

CePdAl has been recently recognized as a frustrated antiferromagnetic heavy-fermion compound with a pressure- or field-tuned, extended quantum critical phase at zero temperature. Identifying characteristic signatures of the emerging quantum critical phase, which are expected to be distinct from those near a quantum critical point, remains challenging. In this work, by performing ultrasonic and thermoelectric measurements down to very low temperatures in a ³He-⁴He dilution refrigerator in the presence of magnetic field, we are able to obtain some crucial thermodynamic and thermal transport features of the quantum critical phase, including a frustration-related elastic softening detected by ultrasound and a Fermi-surface change probed by thermoelectric effect.     

反应烧结碳化硅复合材料的磨损机理研究

采用销－盘摩擦磨损试验机考察了反应烧结碳化硅及含Ｎｉ碳化硅复合材料在不同温度下的干摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,Ｎｉ有利于改善反应烧结碳化硅复合材料的摩擦磨损性能。ＳＥＭ磨损表面和亚表面分析表明,复合材料在常温下的磨损机理为削和犁沟;６００℃下反应烧结碳化硅的磨损机理为表面裂纹形成及断裂;而含Ｎｉ碳化硅复合材料的磨损机理为亚表面裂纹扩展导致表面局部剥落。     

基于目标与环境FD模型的多特征检测算法适应性评估

智能变形、变色、变温、变谱技术发展趋势下,低特征目标加速实现与自然地物背景的特征融合,导致复杂自然背景环境下低散射、微反射、弱辐射目标的检测与评估愈发困难,特定场景下潜在威胁目标的检测方法快速决策与准确评估成为了难题。为了提升离散目标、伪装目标、弱小目标、异常目标等低特征目标与复杂自然背景环境融合场景下的多特征检测算法的选择效率及其检测准确度,提出了目标与背景环境融合度（FD）参数模型,并设计了植被伪装目标嵌入草地背景、植被伪装目标嵌入土壤背景、植被及水泥路伪装目标嵌入土壤背景以及植被、水泥路、土壤伪装目标分别嵌入草地、水泥路、土壤背景等4种不同波谱特征分布场景的模拟图像数据,以及信噪比为200,400与800的高斯白噪声分别加入场景一的3种不同级别噪声比例的模拟图像数据。通过综合目标波谱信息、背景波谱信息、数据噪声比例等多种因素的综合试验分析,开展了基于目标与环境FD模型的多特征检测算法适应性评估研究。结果表明,在标准差均小于0.08的条件下,MtACE,MtAMF,MtCEM,SumACE,SumAMF,SumCEM,WtaACE,WtaAMF,WtaCEM等9大经典多特征检测算法对于4种波谱分布场景检测结果的FD参数平均值分别为0.320 0,0.350 2,0.862 4,0.365 8,0.365 8,0.846 1,0.680 0,0.680 0和0.948 2;在标准差均小于0.07的条件下,9大经典多特征检测算法对于3种不同级别噪声比例数据检测结果的FD参数平均值分别为0.313 5,0.320 9,0.774 7,0.369 6,0.369 6,0.847 5,0.695 6,0.695 6和0.960 3。通过不同波谱分布场景及不同噪声级别条件下的检测与融合度评估试验分析,实现了多特征检测算法的适应性能排序,大幅提升复杂场景下多种低特征目标的检测效率。综合波谱与噪声因素,对于复杂场景下离散分布的低特征目标检测,9大经典多特征检测算法的优先级顺序为：MtACE>MtAMF>SumACE=SumAMF>>WtaACE=WtaAMF>MtCEM>SumCEM>WtaCEM。     

钡铁氧体前驱体高能球磨过程的红外拟合光谱分析

高能球磨法是材料制备过程中常用的方法,通过物料在高速运转的过程中进行磨合而产生晶体空位缺陷,实现元素的掺杂,进而发生化学吸附或化学反应,合成产生新的物相,对于后续合成材料的性能有很大影响。钡铁氧体具有良好的磁性能,被用于功能材料制备的诸多领域。采用高能球磨法制备钡铁氧体前驱体,利用XRD,SEM和FTIR检测方法考察不同高能球磨时间下钡铁氧体前驱体物相、微观形貌及官能团的变化规律,并通过红外二阶导数光谱、拟合平滑光谱计算法,定量分析高能球磨过程中物相的变化规律。XRD及SEM检测结果表明,随球磨时间增加,钡铁氧体前驱体各物相的衍射峰宽度变宽,粉末细化,晶格逐渐发生畸变,产生晶体空位缺陷,从而使Ba溶入Fe₂O₃晶格中生成Ba_xFe_2-xO₃的固溶体,且产生吸附“团聚”现象;当球磨时间大于40 h时,发生“纳米尺寸效应”,生成有磁性的Fe₃O₄及Ba_xFe_3-xO₄固溶体。红外光谱分析结果显示,随着球磨时间的增加,BaCO₃和α-Fe₂O₃的特征峰均存在峰强减小、峰位发生明显移动的规律,表明随着球磨时间增加,BaCO₃和α-Fe₂O₃颗粒粒度变小,且发生化学吸附。通过红外光谱的平滑拟合光谱和二阶导数光谱计算可知,随球磨时间的增加,各吸收峰面积均明显减小。相对于球磨0 h,在球磨10,20和40 h后,波数473 cm-1的Fe—O键振动吸收峰的峰面积分别减少48.84%,65.97%和93.54%;而在波数540 cm-1处的Fe—O键吸收峰的峰面积则分别减少37.11%,51.76%和82.85%;同理,在波数856 cm-1处的O—C—O键的面内弯曲振动吸收峰的峰面积分别减少30.62%,44.71%和67.10%;在波数1 446 cm-1处的C—O键不对称伸缩振动峰的峰面积则分别减少0.03%,27.63%和57.90%。从定量分析的角度考察了钡铁氧体前驱体高能球磨过程中物相的变化规律并精准确定反应产物含量变化的百分比,对于后续材料的合成与性能随钡铁氧体前驱体物相不同而发生变化的研究有重要的指导意义。     

Iterative filtered ghost imaging

It is generally believed that, in ghost imaging, there has to be a compromise between resolution and visibility. Here we propose and demonstrate an iterative filtered ghost imaging scheme whereby a super-resolution image of a grayscale object is achieved, while at the same time the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and visibility are greatly improved, without adding complexity. The dependence of the SNR, visibility, and resolution on the number of iterations is also investigated and discussed. Moreover, with the use of compressed sensing the sampling number can be reduced to less than 1% of the Nyquist limit, while maintaining image quality with a resolution that can exceed the Rayleigh diffraction bound by more than a factor of 10.     

Universal order-parameter and quantum phase transition for two-dimensional q-state quantum Potts model

We investigate quantum phase transitions for q-state quantum Potts models (q=2,3,4) on a square lattice and for the Ising model on a honeycomb lattice by using the infinite projected entangled-pair state algorithm with a simplified updating scheme. We extend the universal order parameter to a two-dimensional lattice system, which allows us to explore quantum phase transitions with symmetry-broken order for any translation-invariant quantum lattice system of the symmetry group G. The universal order parameter is zero in the symmetric phase, and it ranges from zero to unity in the symmetry-broken phase. The ground-state fidelity per lattice site is computed, and a pinch point is identified on the fidelity surface near the critical point. The results offer another example highlighting the connection between (i) critical points for a quantum many-body system undergoing a quantum phase-transition and (ii) pinch points on a fidelity surface. In addition, we discuss three quantum coherence measures: the quantum Jensen-Shannon divergence, the relative entropy of coherence, and the l₁ norm of coherence, which are singular at the critical point, thereby identifying quantum phase transitions.