The influence of Isospin Dependence of In-Medium NN Cross Sections on the Ratio of Emitted Neutrons to Protons in HICs

The influence of isospin dependence of in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross sections on the nip ratios for emitted nucleons in reactions 96Zr-j-96Zr and 96Ru-j-96RH at Eb z 400 AMeV is investigated by means of an improved quantum molecular dynamics model. Our results show that the high energy part of the spectra of the n//p ratios for emitted nucleons is sensitive to the isospin dependence of in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross sections for neutron-rich reaction systems. Therefore, we propose that the nip ratio of emitted high energy nucleons in a very neutron-rich reaction system at several hundreds of AMeV can be taken as sensitive observables to constrain the isospindependence of in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross sections.     

大入射能量范围内重离子输运过程的动力学性质研究

基于一个改进的微观动力学输运模型——极端相对论量子分子动力学（UrQMD）, 较为系统地研究了从SIS能区到AGS和SPS能区, 再到RHIC能区, 入射能量跨5个数量级的重离子核反应及多个人们感兴趣的实验观测量, 如粒子产额、 集体流、 核阻止以及两粒子HBT关联等。研究表明, 不论单粒子观测量, 还是两粒子关联观测量, 都能自洽地由同一个输运模型加以描述。Based on one updated microscopic transport model Ultra relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) with modifications of both potentials and two body scattering cross sections, quite a few interesting observables, such as yields, collective flows, the nuclear stopping, and the HBT two particle interferometry, are systematically investigated for heavy ion collisions within a large beam energy regime of five orders of magnitude (from SIS, AGS, SPS up to RHIC). It is shown that a consistent explanation can be received from both single particle and two particle related observables.     

不对称强阻尼反应中超重碎块的产生

用改进的量子分子动力学模型研究了原子核强阻尼反应232Th +250 Cf。在入射能量范围从800-2000 MeV时,研究了反应产生的原子序数大于等于114的超重碎块的几率随入射能量的依赖情况。计算发现在不对称的强阻尼反应体系232Th +250 Cf 中超重碎块的产生几率高于在对称反应244Pu +244Pu 和 238U +238U 中超重碎块的产生几率。计算表明初级碎块的质量（电荷）分布和超重碎块的激发能分布也强烈依赖于入射能量。研究了强阻尼反应产物的衰变过程：两种不同的衰变斜率表示不同的衰变机制。它们分别相应于巨复合体系的衰变和巨复合体系的衰变碎块包括超重碎块的衰变（包含发射中子、质子和其他轻带电粒子及裂变过程）。超重碎块的衰变斜率明显低于巨复合体系的衰变斜率,可能有助于超重碎块的存活。     

Equation of State for Isospin Asymmetric Matter of Nucleons and Deltas

An investigation on the equation of state of the isospin asymmetric, hot, dense matter of nucleons and deltas is performed based on the relativistic mean field theory. The QHD-Ⅱ-type effective Lagrangian extending to the delta degree of freedom is adopted. Our re,sults show that the equation of state is softened due to the inclusion of the delta degree of freedom. The baryon resonance isomer may occur depending on the delta-meson coupling. The results show that the densities for appearing the baryon resonance isomer, the densities for starting softening the equation of state and the extent of the softening depend not only on the temperature, the coupling strengths but also the isospin asymmetry of the baryon matter.     

激发核系统中最大Lyapunov指数、密度涨落以及多重碎裂之间的关系

基于量子分子动力学模型,系统地研究了从48Ca到298114一系列核素在不同温度下的最大Lyapunov指数、密度涨落以及体系多重碎裂之间的关系.发现最大Lyapunov指数随温度变化有一峰值出现(该峰值所对应的温度为"临界温度"),在该临界温度时体系的密度涨落达到最大,碎块的质量分布能够给出较好的PowerLaw指数.通过对最大Lyapunov指数与密度涨落随时间变化行为的研究,发现密度涨落的时间尺度要大于混沌的时间尺度,意味着混沌的概念可以用来研究体系的多重碎裂过程.最后还给出了有限体系相变的临界温度随体系大小变化的规律. Within a quantum molecular dynamics model we calculate the largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE), the density fluctuation, and the mass distribution of fragments for a series of nuclear systems at different initial temperatures. It is found that the LLE peaks at the temperature ("critical temperature") where the density fluctuation reaches a maximal value and the mass distribution fragments is fitted best by the Fisher s power law from which the critical exponents for mass and charge distribution are obtain...     

同位旋依赖的碎块判断方法对重离子碰撞观测量的影响(英文)

该工作提出了一个同位旋依赖碎块判断方法用以描述重离子碰撞过程中的碎块形成。利用该方法可以改善输运理论对于核子以及轻带电粒子产额的描写,其在计算中降低了发射核子产额、增加碎块(特别是丰中子碎块) 的产额。对于丰中子轻带电粒子的增强主要出现在中心快度区。研究表明,该方法对于同位旋敏感的观测量,如,n/p,t/3He,Rmidyield 和isoscaling parameters 等,以及系统的平衡度的量度都会产生影响。We introduce isospin dependence in the cluster recognition algorithms used in the Quantum Molecular Dynamics model to describe fragment formation in heavy ion collisions. This change reduces the yields of emitted nucleons and enhances the yields of fragments, especially for heavier fragments. The enhancement of neutron-rich lighter fragments mainly occurs at mid-rapidity. Consequently, isospin dependent observables, such as isotope distributions, yield ratios of n/p,t/3He, Rmid yield and isoscaling parameters are affected. We also investigate how equilibration in heavy ion collisions is affected by this change.     

Possible Mechanisms of Ternary Fission in the 197Au+197Au System at 15 A MeV

Ternary fission in ^197Au＋^197Au collisions at 15 A MeV is investigated by using the improved quantum molecular dynamical （ImQMD） model. The experimental mass distributions for each of the three fragments are reproduced for the first time without any freely adjusting parameters. The mechanisms of ternary fission in central and semicentral collisions are dynamically studied. In direct prolate ternary fission, two necks are found to be formed almost simultaneously and rupture sequentially in a very short time interval. Direct oblate ternary fission is a very rare fission event, in which three necks are formed and rupture simultaneously, forming three equally sized fragments along space-symmetric directions in the reaction plane. In sequential ternary fission a binary division is followed by another binary fission event after hundreds of fm/c.     

并合不变中子质子产额比值角分布各向异性与对称能关系的研究

采用ImQMD05模型分析了非对称反应体系40Ar+197Au,124Sn在中低能区（E_beam=35~100 MeV/u）的半擦边反应的条件下的反应机制,并进一步探索了不同模型参数,如对称能斜率、碰撞参数等,对轻粒子并合不变中子质子产额之比角分布各向异性的影响。通过研究发现:对于出射动能大于每核子10 MeV的动力学出射的轻粒子而言,其并合不变的中子质子产额比值角分布各向异性与对称能的软硬具有明显的关联;碰撞参数对轻粒子动力学发射各向异性的影响最弱。By using the ImQMD05 code,we simulate the 40Ar+197Au,+124Sn at beam energy of 35,50 and 100 MeV/u and semi-peripheral collisions.The reaction mechanism,symmetry potential and Coulomb potential competition around the overlapped neck region and impact parameters effects are investigated for understanding the angular distribution of isospin contents of dynamical emitted light particles.Our results show that the angular anisotropy of the coalescence invariant neutron to proton yield ratios is sensitive to the stiffness of symmetry energy,especially for the dynamical emitted light particles with E_k>10 MeV.     

在重核和超重原子核中量子混沌问题的研究

通过观察和分析重核和超重核中量子谱的统计性质 ,研究有限物理体系中量子混沌的一些问题 .介绍了原子核中量子谱显示的有序 -混沌现象随激发能变化的实验数据 ,研究了超重核体系中量子谱相邻能级间距分布的规则性随体系的依赖关系 ,并预言了稳定的超重体系 .给出了原子核有序混沌相变现象与原子核形变以及原子核转动的依赖关系 ,讨论了量子体系中的对效应对有序 -混沌相变的影响 .最后 ,用有序 -混沌相变的概念解释和理解了核物理中一些重要的实验现象. Some aspects of quantum chaos in a finite system had been studied based on the analysis of statistical behaviors of quantum spectra in heavy and superheavy nuclei. The dependence of the transition from order to chaos on nuclear deformation and nuclear rotatation had been described. The influence of pairing effect on the statistical properties of spectra is also discussed. Some important experiment phenomena in nuclear physics had been understood from the point of view of interplay...     

中能原子在重核上的散裂反应的产物分布

利用量子分子动力学和裂变理论，统一计算了入射能量为３２２，６６０和８００ＭｅＶ的ｐ＋＾２０８散裂产物的质量和电荷分布，计算结果能较好地再现实验测量数据。