SPECT均匀衰减投影数据的反演公式

依据近年来公开发表的有关单光子发射断层成像(SPECT)成像技术的文献,探索SPECT均匀衰减投影数据的反投影问题.主要采用指数型拉动变换的性质和构造特殊函数—–δ函数的方法,进而应用δ函数的特殊性得到了一个精确的反演公式.结果表明,由这种方法得到的反演公式能够更加有效和精确地实现图像的重建.     

尿液中的纳米晶体组分及其对草酸钙结石形成的影响

采用高分辨率透射电子显微镜、选区电子衍射、能谱分析和X射线衍射对草酸钙(CaOx)结石患者尿液中纳米晶体的组分进行了准确分析。这些技术检测到一水草酸钙(COM)、尿酸(UA)和磷酸钙(CaP)的存在,能谱分析检测到大量C,O,Ca和少量N和P等元素,表明尿纳米晶体的主要组分是COM,并含有少量的尿酸和磷酸盐。电子显微镜观察到CaOx结石患者尿纳米晶体的粒径主要分布在几十纳米,其结果与Scherer公式计算相符。采用不同孔径的微孔滤膜(0.45,1.2和3 μm)将尿液过滤后,得到的尿微晶衍射峰的数量随着滤膜孔径的增加而增加,表明尿微晶的种类增加。CaOx尿石的形成过程涉及尿液晶体的成核、生长、团聚和与细胞的粘附等过程。尿液中大量纳米COM晶体的存在是草酸钙结石形成的重要原因。纳米UA,CaP晶体能够作为晶巢促进草酸钙结石的形成。     

气体摩尔热容的拓展性教学

物质的摩尔热容是热量传递、熵增、焓变等计算中的重要参数之一。为让学生全面掌握摩尔热容的概念及其计算方法,以气体为例,基于文献调研,对理想气体、范德瓦尔斯气体、昂尼斯气体、雷德利克-邝气体的摩尔热容进行了系统化地归纳分析。利用热力学第一定律及热力学相关公式导出了改进型雷德利克-邝气体的摩尔热容。并对气体摩尔热容与物态方程的内在联系、摩尔定压热容与摩尔定体热容的差别进行了讨论与分析。这些研究结果对气体摩尔热容的拓展性教学及学生的创新性自学具有较好的参考价值。     

A New Dynamics Expansion Mechanism for Plasma during Pulsed Laser Deposition

The dynamics expansion mechanisms for plasma plume generated by pulsed laser radiation are studied in detail, taking account of plasma ionization effect. Based on the consideration of local conservations of mass, momentum, collected as the assumption that plasma can be viewed as compressible ideal fluid and high temperature-high pressure ideal gas, we develop a new dynamics expansion mechanism for plasma produced by pulsed laser radiation. Using the analytical method, the space number density and pressure evolvement of plasma in cylindrical coordinate are obtained, the dynamics evolvement equations are also derived. The results from the present model indicate that the plasma dynamic expansion behaviour can be evidently influenced by the ionization fraction η. Its effect is similar to a new dynamic source for plasma expansion and increases the expansion acceleration in all directions. The predictions of the expansion of the plasma is affected by the temperature, the average atoms mass and the ionization degree of the plasma are consistent with the experimental results.     

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Helium Behaviour in Titanium Crystals

Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate the behaviour of helium atoms in titanium at a temperature of 30OK. The nucleation and growth of helium bubble has been simulated up to 50 helium atoms. The approach to simulate the bubble growth is to add helium atoms one by one to the bubble and let the system evolve. The titanium cohesion is based on the tight binding scheme derived from the embedded atom method, and the helium-titanium interaction is characterized by fitted potential in the form of a Lennard-Jones function. The pressure in small helium bubbles is approximately calculated. The simulation results show that the pressure will decrease with the increasing bubble size, while increase with the increasing helium atoms. An analytic function about the quantitative relationship of the pressure with the bubble size and number of helium atoms is also fitted.     

Temperature Controlled Filamentation in Argon Gas

Temperature controlled filamentation is experimentally demonstrated in a temperature gradient gas-filled tube. The proper position of the tube is heated by a furnace and two ends of the tube are cooled by air. The experimental results show that multiple filaments are shrunken into a single filament or no filament only by increasing the temperature at the beginning of the filament. This technique offers another degree of freedom of controlling the filamentation and opens a new way for intense monocycle pulse generation through gradient temperature in a noble gas.     

电感储能型脉冲形成线高重复频率脉冲功率发生器

利用传输线中的电感单元和电压叠加的方式来获得纳秒(ns)级矩形高压脉冲是一种全新的思路。描述了这种发生器的基本原理,并利用同轴电缆和MOSFET开关制作了两种原型脉冲发生器(单线型和双线型)来论证此方案的可行性,并进行了初步实验验证,在四模块叠加的情况下,分别实现了4 kV/20 A,20 ns和2 kV/40A,20 ns的短脉冲。实验结果表明,电感型脉冲形成线电压叠加器是一种有潜力的紧凑型高压脉冲发生器。     

相对论重离子碰撞中手征磁效应寻找的现状(英文)

量子色动力学中夸克和拓扑胶子场的相互作用可以产生局域宇称和共轭电荷宇称不守恒,这也许能解释宇宙中物质-反物质的不对称性。在强磁场下,宇称不守恒会导致粒子按正负电荷分离,此现象称为手征磁效应。在重离子碰撞实验中对电荷分离的测量主要受物理本底的影响,大部分的理论和实验工作一直致力于消除或减少这些本底。在此综述了相对论重离子碰撞中手征磁效应寻找的现状。Quark interactions with topological gluon fields in QCD can yield local P and CP violations which could explain the matter-antimatter asymmetry in our universe. Effects of P and CP violations can result in charge separation under a strong magnetic field, a phenomenon called the chiral magnetic effect (CME). Experimental measurements of the CME-induced charge separation in heavy-ion collisions are dominated by physics backgrounds. Major theoretical and experimental efforts have been devoted to eliminating or reducing those backgrounds. We review the current status of these efforts in the search for the CME in heavy-ion collisions.     

金属有机骨架材料/聚酰亚胺混合基质膜的制备及气体分离性能

合成了3种不同结构、 粒径和气体吸附性能的金属有机骨架材料(MOFs): 微米级Cu₃(BTC)₂、 亚微米级ZIF-8和S-Cu₃(BTC)₂. 氮气吸附等温线分析结果表明, ZIF-8和Cu₃(BTC)₂具有较大比表面积(1653和1439 m²/g), S-Cu₃(BTC)₂的比表面积为171.4 m²/g. 用共混法将MOFs直接引入聚酰亚胺中制备了MOFs/聚酰亚胺混合基质膜(MMMs). X射线衍射(XRD)和全反射红外光谱(FTIR-ATR)分析结果表明, MOFs在混合基质膜中保持物理和化学稳定. 气体渗透测试结果表明, MOFs的加入使膜的气体渗透分离性能明显提高, S-Cu₃(BTC)₂使渗透系数增加了1.75倍; ZIF-8和Cu₃(BTC)₂使渗透系数增加了3倍左右; 同时, 膜的气体分离系数变化很小.     

锂离子液体作为聚乙二醇添加剂的摩擦学性能研究

利用2-恶唑烷酮(OZO)、尿素、三乙二醇二甲醚(G3)和四乙二醇二甲醚(G4)与四氟硼酸锂(LiBF4)、六氟磷酸锂(LiPF6)、三氟甲烷磺酸锂(LiSO3CF3)和双(三氟甲烷磺酰)亚胺锂(LiTFSI)的配位作用,在聚乙二醇(PEG)中合成了一系列锂离子液体润滑油添加剂,如[Li(OZO)]BF4、[Li(OZO)] PF6、[Li(OZO)]SO3CF3和[Li(OZO)] TFSI等,并对其物理化学性质和摩擦学性能进行了研究.结果显示:这类离子液体在PEG中具有较好的溶解性,作为PEG的添加剂,显示出优于传统离子液体(1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺盐)的减磨抗磨性能;阳离子对这一系列离子液体添加剂的摩擦学性能影响不明显,以TFSI-为阴离子的离子液体表现出最好的减摩性能.