Fluorometric and Derivative Spectrophotometric Determination of Norfloxacin

The method for the direct determination of norfloxacin, without prior separation, in serum and pharmaceutical formulations, by means of fluorometry and second derivative u.v. spectrophotometry, was developed. Fluorometric assay of norfloxacin in serum was carried in 0.1 M HCl, with the adition of sodium-dodecylsulphate, at emission wavelength 450 nm (excitation 320 nm). Linear calibration curve was obtained in the concentration range 20 – 320 μg/L with the detection limit 2μg/L. The second derivative spectrophotometry was used for the determination of the norfloxacin in tablets at 337 nm using 0.05 M NaOH as solvent. Detection limit was 30μg/L.     

Selective Spectrophotometric Determination of Oxyphenbutazone Using a Chelate Forming Reaction

Abstract

A selective spectrophotometric method for the determination of oxyphenbutazone is described. The method is based on nitrosation reaction and simultaneous formation of copper(II) or cobalt (II) chelate of the nitrosoderivative. The formed chelates are extractable with organic solvents giving yellow solutions whose absorbance are proportional to the concentration of oxyphenbutazone. In addition, the chelate extracts, upon treatment with diethyldithiocarbomate develop an additional indirect method of high selectivity for determining oxyphenbutazone. The developed methods are highly accurate and comparable with an official method.     

Spectropolarimetric Assay of Codeine Tablets and Cocaine Hydrochloride

Abstract

A rapid, simple and specific procedure for the simultaneous assay and determination of enantiomeric purity of pharmaceutical grade cocaine hydrochloride and codeine tablets is described. The procedure is as accurate, faster and more specific than the U. S. P. or N. F. methods.     

An HPLC Procedure for the Analysis of Furosemide in Pharmaceuticals-Analysis of Furosemide Tablets and Furosemide Injection

Abstract

A simple and specific procedure was developed for the analysis of furosemide from tablets and injections. The procedure consists of extracting furosemide into aqueous sodium hydroxide, addition of the internal standard, appropriate dilution and injection onto a u Bondapak C₁₈ reversed phase column. The mobile phase consisted of a solvent containing acetonitrile and aqueous sodium acetate and the eluate was monitored by either U.V. absorption or spectrofluorimetry. A standard linear calibration curve was obtained for direct standard solutions containing 75 ng to 500 ng on column. This procedure was successfully used to analyze furosemide tablets (individual assay) and injections.     

A graphene-based electrochemical sensor for sensitive detection of paracetamol

An electrochemical sensor based on the electrocatalytic activity of functionalized graphene for sensitive detection of paracetamol is presented. The electrochemical behaviors of paracetamol on graphene-modified glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and square-wave voltammetry. The results showed that the graphene-modified electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity to paracetamol. A quasi-reversible redox process of paracetamol at the modified electrode was obtained, and the over-potential of paracetamol decreased significantly compared with that at the bare GCE. Such electrocatalytic behavior of graphene is attributed to its unique physical and chemical properties, e.g., subtle electronic characteristics, attractive π-π interaction, and strong adsorptive capability. This electrochemical sensor shows an excellent performance for detecting paracetamol with a detection limit of 3.2 × 10⁻⁸ M, a reproducibility of 5.2% relative standard deviation, and a satisfied recovery from 96.4% to 103.3%. The sensor shows great promise for simple, sensitive, and quantitative detection and screening of paracetamol.     

Magnetic Resonance Methods as a Prognostic Tool for the Biorelevant Behavior of Xanthan Tablets

Hydrophilic matrix tablets with controlled drug release have been used extensively as one of the most successful oral drug delivery systems for optimizing therapeutic efficacy. In this work, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to study the influence of various pHs and mechanical stresses caused by medium flow (at rest, 80, or 150 mL/min) on swelling and on pentoxifylline release from xanthan (Xan) tablets. Moreover, a bimodal MRI system with simultaneous release testing enables measurements of hydrogel thickness and drug release, both under the same experimental conditions and at the same time. The results show that in water, the hydrogel structure is weaker and less resistant to erosion than the Xan structure in the acid medium. Different hydrogel structures affect drug release with erosion controlled release in water and diffusion controlled release in the acid medium. Mechanical stress simulating gastrointestinal contraction has no effect on the hard hydrogel in the acid medium where the release is independent of the tested stress, while it affects the release from the weak hydrogel in water with faster release under high stress. Our findings suggest that simultaneous MR imaging and drug release from matrix tablets together provide a valuable prognostic tool for prolonged drug delivery design.     

Stability studies of alprazolam tablets: effects of chemical interactions with some excipients in pharmaceutical solid preparations

An HPLC method was developed to determine the stability of alprazolam (AL) as a pure drug and in monodrug pharmaceutical tablets. The main degradation product of AL tablets was isolated and fully characterized as triazolaminoquinoleine (TAQ). For a quantitative evaluation of the excipient effects in the pharmaceutical formulations, a 2^k fractionated factorial design was applied in the preparation of the different samples. The kinetic of degradation of AL in each formulation was followed by UV spectrophotometry. It was found that excipients like CMC and magnesium stearate favour degradation, while the rate of the reaction is decreased when lactose and starch were used as excipients. A mechanism for the interactions of AL with some excipients is postulated that explains the observed results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

光纤药物在位溶出度/释放度监测仪实时监测甲硝唑维B6片体外溶出度

采用光纤化学传感技术,建立了实时、在位监测固体复方制剂体外溶出度的测定方法.分支光纤一端连接光源,公共端部探头浸入溶出液,另一端连接检测器,计算机记录并处理数据.实验显示,甲硝唑维B6片中甲硝唑的高、中、低浓度组回收率分别为100.8%,99.8%和100.6%;RSD分别为2.5,0.8,1.1;维生素B6的高、中、低浓度组回收率分别为98.8%,100.8%和98.8%;RSD分别为4.1,4.1,2.5.该法可监测药物溶出的全过程,显示药物实时溶出曲线图,直接提取相关溶出参数.表明,光纤化学溶出度过程监测法能够有效的测定固体药物的体外溶出度,并能真实地反映药物溶出的全过程.     

超高效合相色谱法同时测定复合维生素片中11种脂溶性维生素及其衍生物

建立了超高效合相色谱法(Ultra performance convergence chromatography,UPC2)分离和测定复合维生素片中11种脂溶性维生素(A,D,E,K)及其衍生物的方法。超高效合相色谱(UPC2)技术集合超临界流体色谱(Supercritical fluid chromatography,SFC)和超高效液相色谱(Ultra performance liquid chromatography,UPLCTM)的技术优点,流动相以CO2为主体,乙腈为助溶剂梯度洗脱。选用Waters Acquity UPC2HSS C18SB色谱柱(100 mm×3.0 mm 1.8μm),流速1 m L/min,检测波长为284 nm。方法检出限在1.5~2.0 mg/L之间;VK1,VK2,VK3和VD3的线性范围分别为3~300 mg/L;VA、VA棕榈酸酯、VA甲酸、VE、VE醋酸酯、VE琥珀酸酯和VD2的线性范围分别为5~300 mg/L;加标回收率范围为97.31%~98.76%;相对标准偏差为0.41%~0.96%,可以满足复合维生素片中11种脂溶性维生素(A,D,E,K)及其衍生物的方法要求。     

卡托普利缓释片释放过程的灰色数学模型

目的:用灰色理论研究卡托普利缓释片的体外释放过程.方法:采用羧甲基纤维素钠为骨架材料制备缓释片,通过体外释放试验,根据灰色数学模型,预测卡托普利缓释片的体外释放过程.结果:预测值与实测值的平均绝对误差E为0.532,平均相对误差为1.059%.结论:为卡托普利缓释片的临床合理化用药提供了理论依据.