软弱地层深挖基坑中工程桩偏位分析

某软土地基上建造多栋毗邻的小高层住宅,在地下车库基坑的开挖过程中,软土流动推挤坑内桩基导致偏位。文章以上述工程为背景,借助三维有限差分程序FLAC3D,选取简化计算模型,对基坑开挖流动土体作用下工程桩的反应性状进行了模拟与分析,并与实测值进行了比较,最后讨论了影响桩基变形的相关因素,可为分析软土地区基坑开挖对坑内工程桩影响时提供一定的理论指导。     

On Determining the Percolation Reynolds Number and the Characteristic Linear Dimension for Ideal and Fictitious Porous Media

Various versions of representations of the percolation Reynolds number for porous media with isotropic and anisotropic flow properties are considered. The formulas are derived and the variants are analyzed with reference to model porous media with a periodic microstructure formed by systems of capillaries and packings consisting of spheres of constant diameter (ideal and fictitious porous media, respectively). A generalization of the Kozeny formula is given for determining the capillary diameter in an ideal porous medium equivalent to a fictitious medium with respect to permeability and porosity and it is shown that the capillary diameter is nonuniquely determined. Relations for recalculating values of the Reynolds number determined by means of formulas proposed earlier are given and it is shown that taking the microstructure of porous media into account, as proposed in [1, 2], makes it possible to explain the large scatter of the numerical values of the Reynolds number in processing the experimental data.     

土-桩-结构相互作用体系随机地震反应分析

本文采用随机振动理论与有限元技术相结合的方法，以基岩随机地震作为输入，对群桩基础和土-桩-结构相互作用体系进行了三维随机地震反应分析。文中首先以一3X3群桩基础作为分析模型，探讨了桩-土-桩动力相互作用对承台随机地震反应的影响；然后，用单自由度体系模拟上部结构，分析了上部结构惯性对桩基承台随机地震反应的影响。在此基础上，以某桥桥墩为背景，用多自由度体系模拟上部结构，建立了土-桩-结构相互作用体系的三维分析模型，获得了桩基承台的功率谱响应、以及桩顶处的主应力标准差和主应力速率标准差等结果，探讨了群桩顶部各桩主应力标准差的分布规律，得到了一些有应用价值的结果。     

坡面流及土壤侵蚀动力学（II）——————土壤侵蚀

介绍了坡面土壤侵蚀的基本特征和主要类型, 综述了坡面土壤侵蚀动力学过程和预报模型等方面的研究进展, 包括土壤表层结皮、雨滴溅蚀、片流侵蚀、细沟侵蚀、坡面流输沙、土壤侵蚀界限坡度, 以及土壤侵蚀预报模型等. 并简要讨论了土壤侵蚀动力学研究的发展趋势.     

非饱和土的广义朗肯土压力

本文从 4条基本假设出发 ,建立了非饱和土的广义朗肯土压力公式 ,采用理想试验对该公式进行了验证 ,在北京地铁13号线的东直门车站基坑工程中理论分析结果和实测值非常接近 ,证明了该理论的有效性。土的广义朗肯土压力公式建立了土的试验指标与原位指标的关系 ,从理论上给出了用土的试验指标得到原位主动 (被动 )土压力的方法。对于非饱和土 ,采用简单易得的直剪试验指标应用广义朗肯土压力公式就可以得到相当精确的结果 ,弥补了扩展朗肯土压力理论的不足。而且广义朗肯土压力公式能够合理利用已有的工程经验和工程数据 ,为非饱和土力学的工程实用化提供了一条新的思路。     

On the Validity of Darcy's Law for Stable High-Concentration Displacements in Granular Porous Media

Recently, it has been suggested that Darcy's Law might not be applicable for modelling miscible, density-dependent flow in porous media. To investigate this, three sets of careful laboratory column experiments were performed on coarse and medium sands, consisting of upward displacement of water by sodium chloride solutions with concentrations ranging from 5 to 200g/l. Data on salt concentrations and water pressures were collected in horizontal transects along the flow direction. Salt concentration data were also collected in the influent and exit lines. The experimental data were analysed using a simplified approach based on Darcy's Law alone, applied with the assumption of a sharp interface. Darcy's Law was used to estimate porous medium permeability by fitting predictions to experimental data. Consistent estimates of permeability were obtained for each set of experiments. The results indicate that Darcy's Law adequately describes high concentration displacements through saturated coarse- and medium-grained porous media.     

A STRESS VECTOR-BASED CONSTITUTIVE MODEL FOR COHESIONLESS SOIL (Ⅱ)-APPLICATION

The stress vector-based constitutive model for cohesionless soil, proposed by SHI Hong-yan et al., was applied to analyze the deformation behaviors of materials subjected to various stress paths. The result of analysis shows that the constitutive model can capture well the main deformation behavior of cohesionless soil, such as stress-strain nonlinearity, hardening property, dilatancy, stress path dependency, non-coaxiality between the principal stress and the principal strain increment directions, and the coupling of mean effective and deviatoric stress with deformation. In addition, the model can also take into account the rotation of principal stress axes and the influence of intermediate principal stress on deformation and strength of soil simultaneously. The excellent agreement between the predicted and measured behavior indicates the comprehensive applicability of the model. Biography: SHI Hong-yan (1962-), Associate Professor, Doctor     

香港花岗岩风化分级化学指标体系与风化壳分带

火成岩的化学风化过程实质上就是碱、碱土金属组分水解淋失与脱硅富铁铝化的地球化学过程。不同风化程度的岩石处于整个化学风化过程的不同阶段,因而具有不同的化学成分和风化度指标。笔者在对香港九龙两个地方5个钻孔共计150件不同深度、不同风化程度的样品化学全分析结果与岩土风化程度宏观判别结果的相互对比、选择和确认的基础上,建立了香港地区花岗岩风化岩土风化程度工程分级的化学指标体系。这一研究成果的提出不仅有利于提高花岗岩风化岩土工程分类的科。学性、可靠性和实用性,而且可以为风化岩土工程特性与风化作用关系研究提供理论依据。     

上海市崇明岛浅层砂土、粉土分布探讨

通过对崇明岛内大量勘探资料的分析研究,本文分析了岛内浅层砂土、粉土的分布特征,并根据岩性及静力触探指 标对其进行详细分类,找出了每类土的典型静力触探曲线,最后探讨了各类土的液化问题。     

A fast algorithm for soil dynamics calculations by wavelet decomposition

Summary The article presents a fast numerical algorithm for calculating the response of a halfspace under any surface loads. Under certain conditions there exists an analytical solution to the problem in the Fourier domain. To get the desired response, a numerical inverse Fourier transform of this analytic solution has to be made. By using a wavelet decomposition, the proposed algorithm can reduce the calculation time significantly, thus allowing the computation of complex problems. As an example, the response of the beam-halfspace coupled system under moving load is presented. Received 6 March 1997; accepted for publication 20 May 1997