Finite-difference methods with increased accuracy and correct initialization for one-dimensional Stefan problems

Although the numerical solution of one-dimensional phase-change, or Stefan, problems is well documented, a review of the most recent literature indicates that there are still unresolved issues regarding the start-up of a computation for a region that initially has zero thickness, as well as how to determine the location of the moving boundary thereafter. This paper considers the so-called boundary immobilization method for four benchmark melting problems, in tandem with three finite-difference discretization schemes. We demonstrate a combined analytical and numerical approach that eliminates completely the ad hoc treatment of the starting solution that is often used, and is numerically second-order accurate in both time and space, a point that has been consistently overlooked for this type of moving-boundary problem.     

玻璃微流控通道中水凝胶固定寡核苷酸探针的方法及应用

核酸杂交是分子生物学研究中最常用和最基本的分析方法之一．杂交技术有多种,主要区别在于探针的固定．目前常用的是将探针直接固定在载体表面（尼龙膜或硅烷化的玻片）或用磁珠法和水凝胶法固定,其中水凝胶法兼有三维立体和简单实用的优势,其发展颇为引人注意．微流控芯片技术具有集成化和自动化的优势．将水凝胶和微流控技术相结合,将使核酸分析中的杂交、变性以及重新杂交等操作更为简单、快速、易行．     

负载于孔道内部的手性酸碱催化不对称Aldol反应

将手性的伯胺-叔胺与B酸组成的酸碱对负载到介孔材料SBA-15孔道的内表面,得到了一种非均相双功能催化剂.该催化剂在催化丙酮和不同醛的aldol反应时得到了中等的活性和对映体选择性,重复使用6次后活性没有明显下降.与以硅胶为载体的催化剂相比,以介孔SBA-15分子筛为载体的催化剂ee值更高,这可能是由于介孔孔道限制效应引起的.     

Covalent attachment of trypsin on plasma polymerized allylamine

This paper focuses on the immobilization of a proteolytic enzyme, trypsin, on plasma polymerized allylamine (ppAA) films. The later have been deposited onto silicon substrate by means of radiofrequency glow discharge. The covalent attachment of the enzyme was achieved in three steps: (i) activation of the polymer surface with glutaraldehyde (GA) as a linker, (ii) immobilization of trypsin and (iii) imino groups reduction treatment. The effects and efficiency of each step were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Fluorescent spectroscopy was used to evaluate the change of the biological activity following the immobilization steps. The results showed that enzyme immobilization on GA-modified substrate increases the enzyme activity by 50% comparing to adsorbed enzymes, while the imino reduction treatment improves the enzyme retention by about 30% comparing to untreated samples. In agreement with XPS and AFM data, UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, used to quantify the amount of immobilized enzyme, showed that allylamine plasma polymer presents a high adsorption yield of trypsin. Although the adsorbed enzymes exhibit a lower activity than that measured for enzymes grafted through GA linkers, the highest catalytic activity obtained was for the enzymes that underwent the three steps of the immobilization process.     

Voltammetric oxidation and determination of cinnarizine at glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes

We discovered a novel method to prepare a protein-based hydrogel, that is, a “Three-Dimensional Nanostructured Protein Hydrogel (3D NPH)”, which is composed of protein–polymer hybrid nanoparticles. In this study, we propose a novel protein microarray whose 3D NPH spots were prepared by dispensing a small volume of the solution of protein–polymer mixture on a substrate. The dispensed solution had a short time for cross-linking before its drying-up and the resulting 3D NPH had loosely cross-linked, thin spongy structure. Therefore, the reaction ratio between ligands and analytes was drastically improved in this system compared with the large volume system for Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) protein microarray.     

Application of magnetic poly(styrene-glycidyl methacrylate) microspheres for immunomagnetic separation of bone marrow cells

Surface-functionalized magnetic poly(styrene-glycidyl methacrylate) (PS-GMA) microspheres were prepared and coupled with Sca-1 antibody for cell selection from murine bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNCs). Biotinylated Sca-1 antibody could be directly coupled to avidin-bound magnetic microspheres. Alternatively, oxidized goat anti-mouse antibody was covalently bound onto the amino group-containing magnetic microspheres in a site-directed manner, and the resultant conjugate was coupled with non-modified Sca-1 antibody. Using the indirect antibody-bound magnetic microspheres, the purity of isolated Sca-1⁺ cells increased with bead-to-cell ratio. Using a bead-to-cell ratio of 10 beads/cell, a purity of 85% Sca-1⁺ cells corresponding to a 17-fold enrichment was achieved.     

溶胶凝胶法制备固定化酶柱并应用于化学发光型的葡萄糖传感器

溶胶凝胶过程以期纯度高，均匀性强，处理温度低，反应条件易于控制等优点成为生物传感器中一种颇具前途的固化方法。利用硅酸乙酯的溶胶凝胶化过程对葡萄糖氧化酶进行固化，并制备了不同载体下的ＧＯＤ酶柱。实验结果表明ＧＯＤ可在ＳｉＯ２的溶胶凝胶体中保持较高的活性。